العبارات الاصطلاحية هي نوع من التعابير التي تتألف من أكثر من كلمة واحدة . وتكون مجازية بطعبيتها الى حد كبير وتستخدم بشكل واسع في اللغات. في الواقع ان مستوى التمكن من العبارات الاصطلاحية يعدا مؤشرا مهما على مدى البراعة اللغوية التي يمتلكها الشخص.

وان الكثير من متعلمي اللغة الانكليزية غير الناطقين بها يبذلون قصارى جهدهم للتحدث باللغة الانكليزية بطلاقة وامتلاك مهارات المتحدثين باللغة الام , وهذا الامر اضا

'homme de quarante –quatre ans qui se trouve aux commandes est sans doute le plus vieux pilote de guerre et certainement plus âgé que ceux admis à piloter l'avion "Lightning" ; pour lui, c'est une exception parce que il porte un nom célèbre qui serait bientôt prestigieux et une expérience extraordinaire.

L'avion monte rapidement dans le ciel tout vibrant de lumière, après la mer, sous ses ailes, défile la terre de France en traversant toutes ces distances et dans des situations extrêmement silencieuses. Saint-Exupéry se penche un peu enfin que son regard puisse s'arrêter un court instant sur ce massif de Provence dont la vision emplit son cœ

The present study was carried out on (80) adults asthmatic patients (43 male and 37 female), their age from (25 -65) years. Some of them acute episodes while other between episodes interval.They were selected from out patients clinics of AL-Zahra'a hospital for allergy and asthma in Baghdad.All patients were diagnosed according to standard medical criteria as being asthmatic. The results of investigations were compared with those for a total of (20) healthy individual [(12) male & (8) female] with age (25 – 45) years, as a control group, throughout the period extended from ( July 2014 till December 2014).
The patient samples were applied to determine complete blood count include (Hb, PCV, RBC count, WBC & Eosinophil count)

Background: a rapid and accurate identification of Methicillim-Resistant Staphylococci (MRS) is of a particular clinical significance because they have cross-resistance to other antibiotics with high ability to be transmitted among hospitalized patients known as epidemic MRS.
Objectives: the detection of MRS and the susceptibility of isolates to antimicrobial agents, also to determine inducible and constitutive macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance mechanisms by pharmacodynamic interpretative reading approaches.
Methods: standard disk diffusion method was performed for 30 Staphylococcus aureus and 10 Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from wound, burn patients admitted to Ramadi General Hospital in Ramadi and e

Background: Study the correlation between the left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), ejection fraction (EF) and the development of arrhythmia.
Patients and methods: Two hundreds patients with documented acute coronary syndrome and myocardial infection with dysrhythmia documented by ECG and holter monitoring assessed at the cardiac department at Baghdad teaching hospital over the period Jan-Dec 2007. These dysrhythmias were corelated with left ventricular end diastolic volume and ejection fraction.
Results: The patients were divided into 4 groups according to LVEDD and EF. The 1st group, 40 patients (20%) found to have non sustained ventricular tachycardia was associated with higher LVEDD (62-72

Background: The critically ill patient is at risk of developing intensive care acquired infection, with the lungs being especially vulnerable. Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) occurring after two days of mechanical ventilation and it is the most nosocomial infection seen in the intensive care unit .The establishment of an accurate diagnosis of ventilator associated pneumonia remains problematic and yet there is still no accepted "gold standard" for the diagnosis.
Patients& Methods: This is a cross section study for 328 patients admitted to intensive care unit at medical city teaching hospital. Full history, physical examination and investigation were done after 48 hours of admission according to

Objective: To determine the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among blood donors and risky population in Diyala province.<br />Materials and methods: In this retrospective study, the records of HCV screening and confirmatory tests were reviewed for the period 1996-2001.Third generation Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and Enzyme immunoblot assay were used as screening and confirmatory tests respectively.<br />Results: The prevalence of HCV infection among blood donors was 0.15%, with the highest in 1997. The highest prevalence rates were found among multiple blood recipient; hemophilia, thalassemia and hemodialysis patients (27.3%, 16.9% & 14.3%) respectively. Whereas, the patients with chronic hepa

Blurbs are short descriptions of the contents of books usually written on their back covers for promotional purposes. This study explores the rhetorical and promotional structure of back cover blurbs accompanying English and Arabic linguistics books from genre- and evaluation- analysis perspectives. To achieve the study aims, a selected corpus of 100 blurbs, divided equally into 50 from English and Arabic linguistics book blurbs, has been considered for analysis. Results have revealed that the generic structure of book blurbs is built around a five-schematic move structure for both languages’ corpora. As to the promotional structure, positive and evaluative adjectives take precedence over other lexical categories in English and Arabic

أن أهم ما توصلنا إليه هذا البحث الذي تضمن دراسة الجوانب الاقتصادية في كتاب فضائل مصر لأبن زولاق تاكيدنا على أهمية ما ورد في هذا الكتاب من مرويات مست الجوانب الاقتصادية في مصر، ويعد أضافة للدراسات التي تناولت تاريخ الاسلام الاقتصادي, فقد أنفرد هذا المؤرخ المصري بكثير من التفاصيل والجزئيات التي تخص الاقتصاد المصري  وكان شاهداً على عدد من المرويات التي وقعت في القرن الرابع الهجري / العاشر الميلادي. وعلى الرغ

Background: The study was conducted to investigate the association between hyperprolactinaemia and markers of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system in a sample of Iraqi infertile females, together with the profile anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA).
Objectives: One hundred and seventy five female patients (age range: 20 -40 years) were recruited in this study. They were attending the Institute for Embryo Research and Infertility Treatment (Al-Nahrain University) during the period January 2005 - September 2006.
Results:After clinical and laboratry evaluations, it was found that 100 patients were hyperprolactinaemic, whereas the other 75 patients were euprolactinaemic, therefore, they were considered as a control group. Based on serum le

Background:Breast carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor and the leading cause of carcinoma death in women, with more than 1,000,000 cases occurring worldwide annually.(1) as a matter of fact , the mortality rate for breast carcinoma changed very little from the 1930s to the early 1990s, because of the combined action of earlier diagnosis and improved therapy .<br />Materials and methods: The prospective study included 500 cases of breast carcinoma who went total mastectomy , between October 2006- April 2007, where taken from private pathology laboratory , sections(4microns) are taken and stained with H&E stain and over-reviewed.<br />Results: Clinicopathological analysis of the 500 cases of breast carcinoma, includ

Background: The most important advances in medical education in the last decade are the shift in focus from learning objectives to learning outcomes. The advantages of active over passive learning are researched-based. The aim of this study was to evaluate the students reading habits; utilization of lectures, group study, resources utilized during study, and if there is a need to change the curriculum.<br />Methods: A prospective study was done in Medical City Teaching Hospital, from January 2007 to January 2008, including 438 students from the college of medicine, university of Baghdad. A questionnaire consist of 28 questions was given to them. These questionnaire elicited responses regarding reading habits, utilization of lecture

Background: Plane warts represent a common dermatological problem encountered in daily practice with no uniformly effective treatment modality.<br />Patients and methods: This study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology of Baghdad Teaching Hospital / Medical City from April 2005 to June 2006. Fifty patients enrolled in the study and 36 completed it. Patients were instructed to apply isotretinoin gel once daily and keep on regular follow up every 2 weeks for one month to assess the esponse and side effects. At the end of the first month those with complete cure were instructed to stop therapy and keep on regular follow up to detect any recurrence.Patients with no response were divided into 2 groups. One grou

Background: Acne vulgaris is a common skin problem. It affects areas of high density of sebaceous glands like the face, chest and back. The penile skin is no exception, also can be affected with acne, however little was written on this subject.<br />Patients & Methods: This is a clinical epidemiological study conducted at the Department of Dermatology & Venereology- Baghdad Teaching Hospital, during the period between December 2007 and May 2008. Seventy six male patients with facial acne vulgaris were enrolled in the study. A full history includes age, age of onset of facial acne and any penile lesion observed by the patient Examination of the face was done for the severity of acne and grading it into mild, moderate, severe

This study investigates the impact of the Six Sigma methodology on improving waiting times in passport directorates. The Six Sigma methodology is crucial for enhancing efficiency and effectiveness in passport directorates, aiming to reduce waiting times and increase customer satisfaction by organizing services more effectively. The research was conducted in the Passport Affairs Department (Mansour Passports) from November 8, 2022, to April 19, 2023, with a sample size of 53 employees and citizens. The problem of this study is to shed light on the role played by the Six Sigma methodology in improving waiting time at the Passport Affairs Department. The study adopted the DMAIC methodology (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) an

Background: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a rare chronic liver disease of known etiology, characterized by hypergammaglobulinemia, characteristic auto antibodies, and a favorable response to immunosuppressive treatment.Strong circumstantial evidences denoted that there is quite long list of environmental factors such as (food additives and drugs), viruses and toxins which play an important role in precipitating this disease.<br />Patients and Methods: the study was performed on 13 Iraqi patients with acute viral hepatitis, attending the Teaching Hospital for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease and Al-Khadymia Teaching Hospital in the period between November 2003 and July 2005. ANA, SMA and anti-LKM 1 were detected by immunoflurescen

Our work investigation is divided into two parts, the first part will be the framework in which we will give the explanation of the general concept of children's literature and translation of children's literature based on the opinions and theories of the most known researchers in this field, showing that children's literature from its origins to modern times, has been a social historical product, conditioned and determined by educational, philosophical, cultural, etc. factors prevailing in different historical moments.

In the second part we discussed the practical framework of a work, the story of "The Secret Dream King" is the source of which we have based, is one of the stories of Spanish author Joan Manuel Gisbert was publish

R. Jain studied multiplication modules and their generalizations. The aim of this paper is to give various properties for these classes of modules. In particular, we study M N and Hom (M. N), where M and N belongs to these classes.

The influence of gamma radiation and blend ratio on the optical constants (refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k), and real & imaginary parts of dielectric constants (C) & (C)) for high density polyethylene (HDPE) Polypropylene (PP) blends using the transmittance and reflectance spectra have been discussed. For unirradiated samples the results showed that (n) increases in rich PP sample while (k) declared strong dependence on blends ratio and revealed systematie variation. It was found that (n) increases as a result of irradiation by gamma-ray with doses (80 and 240) kGy indicating that polymer chain crosslinking is the dominate phenomena, while for irradiation with dose 160 kGy (n) is found to decrease indicating that

Implementation of Fuzzy Reasoning by stimeture of Neural Network method is used in this work, weights of Neural Network is Fuzzy Reasoning. The FNN can automatically identity the Fuzzy Rules and tune the membership function by modliying the connection weights of Network using the back-propagation algorithun, Post-classification marles is used to redarce the number of isolated mis-classified pixels occur after the pixel-by-pixel classification principle.

This research aimed to identify the level of English language knowledge among the students of scientific colleges and the preparatory year (scholarship students) at the Islamic University of Madinah. The research was limited to identifying students at the meanings of vocabulary and grammar of the English language. The researcher used a descriptive approach to achieve study goals. It applied three tools to collect information from the targeted sample; first, a test for determining the level of students in the achievement of vocabulary which applied to (69) students. Second, a test to determine the level of students in the English language grammar, (73) students took part. Third, a survey to get students’ opinions about the program of te

This work aims to analyze and study the bit performance in directional oil wells which leads to get experience about the drilled area by monitoring bit performance and analyzing its work. This study is concerned with Rumaila Oil Field by studying directional hole of one oil well with different angles of inclination. Drilling program was used in order to compare with used parameters (WOB, RPM and FR).in those holes. The effect of the drilling hydraulic system on the bit performance was studied as well as the hydraulic calculation can be done by using Excel program. This study suggests method which is used to predict the value of penetration rate by studying different formation type to choose the best drilling parameters t

Single mode-no core-single mode fiber structure with a section of tuned no-core fiber diameter to sense changes in relative humidity has been experimentally demonstrated. The sensor performance with tuned NCF diameter was investigated to maximize the evanescent fields. Different tuned diameters of of (100, 80, and 60)μm were obtained by chemical etching process based on hydrofluoric acid immersion. The highest wavelength sensitivity was obtained 184.57 pm/RH% in the RH range of 30% –100% when the no-core fiber diameter diameter was 60 μm and the sensor response was in real-time measurements

 This research deal the primary and secondary sedimentary structures in the By Hassan Formation in the three locations in the northeast of Iraq.          Can be recognize many geological structures such as cross bedding, planer bedding, graded bedding, channel structure and mud ball house deposit in the flood plain. The ether side this research study the direction of old current and sedimentary structure that made by the one direction current

In context of this paper we prepare high purity powder ZnO nanostructures by chemical method at low temperature solution and study the effect off annealing at high temperature, ZnO nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by chemical method at 0Cᵒ solution. In this method, suddenly reaction is occurred between zinc acetate solution and sodium hydroxide solution at 0Cᵒ, annealing temperature of powder product surfactant plays an important role in morphological changes. The nanostructures have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and UV-visible .analysis Effect of annealing temperatures on the morphology , structure and optical properties is di

Phoenix dactylifera l. pinnae (the green leaves of dates palm) were used as natural reinforcing (strengthening) fibers to improve the mechanical properties of polyester as a matrix material, the fibers of the green leaves of dates palm were used in two lengths, 10 and 20mm with five rates of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20% , where the reinforcing with the leaves fibers increases the hardness strength from 76.5 to be about 86.55 , the Impact value raised from about 0.313 to 0.461 , in addition to that the flexural strength from 2.66 to be about 55 , and the thermal conductivity increases from 2.54 𝑤∕𝑚.℃ to 5.41 𝑤∕𝑚.℃. The results of the present search explains that the composite samples reinforced at rate 20% and 10mm fiber length

Complexes of Lanthanide ione Ln(III) =La(III) , Ce(III),Pr(III) and Nd(III) withligands of nicotinamide (na) and Benzimidazole (BIMD) have been prepared withgeneral formula [M(na)3(BIMD)3](NO3) where :M = Ln(III) = La(III) , Ce(III) , Gd(III) , Nd(III) .Na = nicotinamide = C7H6N2OBIMD = Benzimidazole = C7H6N2All compounds have been characterized by spectroscopic methods [FT-IR , UV-VIS ,AAS] , microanalysis (C.H.N) Along with conductivity measurements , solubility ,melting point , theroitical measurment by using chem office 3D prog .Model (2000) .Frome the above data the proposed moleculer structure for all complexes with its ionsis octahydral geometries

تعد قواعد المنشأ من الدعائم الاساسية ذات الأهمية الكبرى في العمل الجمركي وتزداد أهميتها مع تزايد الاتفاقيات الاقتصادية التي تبرمها الدولة مع بقية الدول أو مع الاتحادات الجمركية. وبهدف تسهيل وتبسيط الإجراءات الجمركية وتحقيق الكفاءة في التجارة على المستوى الدولي، وبهدف الحد من النزاعات التي تنشأ في سياق التجارة بين الدول بسبب منشأ السلع، تبذل جهود حثيثة على المستوى الدولي لوضع قواعد وأسس تجارية وفقاً لمعا