In this paper a robust governor has been designed using H∞ techniques to replace the conventional
governor of the steam turbine of the power system to regulate the frequency of the power grid. The robust governor is synthesized using state-space approach with time variations, neglected dynamics, and constant main steam pressure are considered in the design process. The proposed approach ensures internal stability, satisfying both frequency and time domains requirements, and obtaining minimal performance H∞-norm of the closed-loop system in one burden. The simulations are carried out using MATLAB and the results show that the overall system output performance can be improved using the proposed H∞ robust governor.

Particle-reinforced composites have demonstrated unique or excellent properties, which have made them suitable materials for application in many areas. In this study, 5-20 wt. % of mild steel microparticles were used in the reinforcement of epoxy resin matrix to produce polymer composites by stir casting technique. The microstructure of the composites was examined by employing a scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, their physical and mechanical properties were evaluated. The results revealed presence of pores in the samples and dispersion of ductile mild steel phase in the epoxy matrix phase. The density of the samples became higher as concentration of reinforcing mild steel particles increased, and reinforce

The current study aims to compare between the assessments of the Rush model’s parameters to the missing and completed data in various ways of processing the missing data. To achieve the aim of the present study, the researcher followed the following steps: preparing Philip Carter test for the spatial capacity which consists of (20) items on a group of (250) sixth scientific stage students in the directorates of Baghdad Education at Al–Rusafa (1^st, 2^nd and 3^rd) for the academic year (2018-2019). Then, the researcher relied on a single-parameter model to analyze the data. The researcher used Bilog-mg3 model to check the hypotheses, data and match them with the model. In addition

This research aims at identifying the level of Reflective Judgment for University students in term of gender and stage. To this end, the researcher used Khaleel's scale (2016) for the Reflective Judgment. The scale was administered to the sample of the study which is (200) male and female level first-fourth university students. The results have shown that university students are on the level five of the Reflective Judgment, and the first-stage students have reflective judgment more than fourth-stage students. In the light of these results, the researcher has come with a number of recommendations and suggestions.     

ان الحالة الانسانية في العراق تنطوي على تحديات كبيرة تتمثل بالفقر – والبطالة – وازدياد المدن العشوائية البائسة التي تفتقر الى المياه الصالحة للشرب ومنظومات الصرف الصحي – وتدني مستوى الخدمات العامة – والهجرة من الريف الى المدينة نتيجة تدهور امكانيات القطاع الزراعي – والتزاحم في المدن الكبيرة – وتداعيات التصحر – والتدهور البيئي – وتبديد الموارد الطبيعية – ومافيات الفساد والتهريب – وكذا الحال مع ا

The current research aims to identify the psychological well-being of the educational counselors, as well as to identify the significance of differences in psychological well-being according to the variables (gender, duration of service). The number of scale's items reached (42) items distributed evenly on six dimensions (autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relationships with others, purpose in life, self-acceptance), for each field (7) items. The scale was applied to a sample of (400) school counselors (male-female) who were randomly selected from the six directorates in the Baghdad governorate for the academic year 2020/2021. The results showed that the educational counselors in the Baghdad governorate for the si

ان الغرض من الدراسة الحالية هو التعرف على سمة القلق لدى طالبات كلية التربية للبنات. ولقد استعمل مقياس سبيلبيرجر الذي تكون من (20) فقرة على عينة مقدارها (135) طالبة من كلية التربية للبنات في جامعة بغداد. واظهرت النتائج ان سمة القلق عند الطالبات عالية و فسرت هذه النتيجة بناءً على نظرية سبيلبيرجر ونظرية التحليل النفسي  وقد اتفقت هذه وبعض  ماجاءت به الدراسات السابقة, وقدمت الدراسة الحالية جملة من  التوصي

Gypseous soils are widely distributed and especially in Iraq where arid area of hot climatic is present. These soils are considered as problematic soils; therefore this work attends to improve the geotechnical properties of such soil and reduce the dangers of collapse due to wetting process. In this research, undisturbed soil sample of 30 % gypsum content from Karbala city is used. The Single Oedometer collapse test is used in order to investigate the collapse characteristics of natural soil and after treatment with 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% and 15% of Cutback Asphalt. Moreover, two selected additive percentages (9% and 12%) are used to evaluate the suitability of using the Cutback Asphalt for improvement of the bearing capacity o

For modeling a photovoltaic module, it is necessary to calculate the basic parameters which control the current-voltage characteristic curves, that is not provided by the manufacturer. Generally, for mono crystalline silicon module, the shunt resistance is generally high, and it is neglected in this model. In this study, three methods are presented for four parameters model. Explicit simplified method based on an analytical solution, slope method based on manufacturer data, and iterative method based on a numerical resolution. The results obtained for these methods were compared with experimental measured data. The iterative method was more accurate than the other two methods but more complexity. The average deviation of

سيتم تسليط الضوء في بحثنا على ابرز الإجراءات المتخذة من قبل المنظمات الدولية في معالجة أبرز آثار النزاع المسلح وعمليات الإبادة الجماعية التي تكون نتيجتها اعداد كبيرة من الجثث واليات البحث عن الرفات البشرية وتحديد الهوية .

يعد موضوع المحل من المواضيع الشائكة في القانون المدني ، اذ ان هذا الموضوع رغم قدمه الا انه لازال يمثل ارضا خصبة للبحث ، اذ يوجد خلاف حول تحديد الكائن القانوني الذي يعد المحل ركنا فيه ، حيث اختلفت التشريعات في هذه المسألة ، فبعض التشريعات تذهب الى ان المحل ركن في العقد ، وبعضها يذهب الى ان المحل ركن في الالتزام ، وبعضها يذهب الى ان المحل ركن في العقد وركن في الالتزام وقد انتقل هذا الخلاف الى الفقه فظهر

ينطوي العنف الأسري على خصوصية فريدة فيما يخص تجريمه والحد منه، وهذه الخصوصية والحساسية في التجريم تحتاج إلى معيارٍ دقيقٍ يقترب من الحق المرخوص به للتأديب، ويراقب ما يعد تعسفاً في إستعمال هذا الحق، ليتم شموله بالإنموذج القانوني الذي يعاقب على هذا السلوك، وهو ما يقتضي بنا أن نتناول العناصر التي تُشكل معياراً لتجريم العنف الأسري، والتي ننطلق فيها من خلال السياق الأسري لبيان ما يعد عنفاً ضمن هذا السياق، والذي

      إن الدفع بعدم الاختصاص يعد أهم الدفوع الشكلية في القضاء الإداري فهو إنكار لسلطة المحكمة في نظر الدعوى لخروجها عن حدود الاختصاص الذي قرره القانون لها ، فإذا أصدرت تلك المحكمة قراراً في الدفع بعدم الاختصاص الموجه لها  فالأمر لا يخرج عن أحد قرارين ، فهي أما أن تقرر إنها مختصة بنظر الدعوى فترد الدفع وتمضي بنظر الموضوع ، أو أن تقضي بقبول الدفع بعدم الاختصاص المثار من قبل الخصوم ، أو من تلقاء نفس

إن سلطة الدولة في تنظيم دخول واقامة الاجانب اليها تتسم بقدر كبير من الحرية, ولا يحدها الا قواعد القانون الدولي التي تفرض على الدول احترام الحد الادنى المتعارف عليه في معاملة الاجانب, وصولا الى الحماية المثلى لحقوق الانسان أيا ما كان المجتمع الذي يعيش فيه, دون النظر الى جنسيته او موطنه, ومهما يكن من امر فإن الاجنبي قد اصبح حاليا من المخاطبين بأحكام قانون الدولة التي يقيم فيها, ويتمتع بالحقوق التي يكفلها له كيا

the Current research aims to identify the psychological stressors coping strategies and their relationship to the cognitive motivation among Al-Anbar University students through the following hypotheses: 1) no statistically significant differences at a level (0.05) among the sample according to the instrumental support strategy depending on the variable type and specialization, 2) No statistically significant differences at a level (0.05) among the sample in regard of coping avoiding strategy depending on the variable type and specialization, 3) There is no statistically significant difference at a level (0.05) in cognitive motivation level among Al-Anbar University students, 4) No statistically significant differences at a level (0.05)

The research aims to identify the level of psychological burnout among the professors of Sana’a University in light of the armed conflicts in Yemen. The research sample consisted of (104) faculty members. A descriptive-analytical approach was adopted. The results of the research showed that university professors suffer from psychological burnout at a very high level in the overall score of the scale. There were no statistically significant differences in terms of gender, academic degree, teaching experience, marital status, number of family members, or salary. In light of the results, the researcher presented a number of relevant recommendations and suggestions.

The problem of generated waste as a result of the implementation of construction projects, has  been aggravated recently because of construction activity experienced by the world, especially Iraq, which is going through a period of reconstruction, where construction waste represents (20-40%) of the total generated waste and has a negative effect on the environment and economic side of the project. In addition, the rate of consumpted  amounts of natural resources are estimated to be about 40% in the construction industry, so it became necessary to reduce waste and to be manage well. This study aims to identify the key factors affecting waste management through the various phases of the project, and this is accom

For the duration of the last few many years many improvement in computer technology, software program programming and application production had been followed with the aid of diverse engineering disciplines. Those trends are on the whole focusing on synthetic intelligence strategies. Therefore, a number of definitions are supplied, which recognition at the concept of artificial intelligence from exclusive viewpoints. This paper shows current applications of artificial intelligence (AI) that facilitate cost management in civil engineering tasks. An evaluation of the artificial intelligence in its precise partial branches is supplied. These branches or strategies contributed to the creation of a sizable group of fashions s

An Investigation of estimated Mechanical Properties of AL-Alloys 2024-T3, which is the most commonly used in industrial applications, been established experimentally. A new novel Plasma Peening techniques had applied for the whole surfaces of the material by CNC-Plasma machine for 48 specimen, and then a new investigation were toke over to figure the amount of change in mechanical properties and estimated fatigue life. It found that improvement was showing a nonlinear behavior according to peening duration time, speed, peening distance, peening number, and amount of effected power on the depth of the material thickness. The major improvement was at medium speed long duration time normal peening distance. Which shows up t

The execution phase  of the project is most dangerous and the most drain on the resources during project life cycle, therefore, its need to monitor and control by specialists to exceeded obstructions and achieve the project goals. The study aims to detect the actual reasons behind mismanagement of the execution phase. The study begins with theoretical part, where it deals with the concepts of project, project selection, project management, and project processes. Field part consists of three techniques: 1- brainstorming, 2- open interviews with experts and 3- designed questionnaire (with 49 reason. These reasons result from brainstorming and interviewing with experts.), in order to find the real reasons behind misman

Abstract

The aim of the current research is to identify the level of availability of written expression skills included in the Arabic language curriculum document among middle school students from the teachers' point of view. The researcher used the descriptive approach. To analyze the data and access the research results, he used the (SPSS) program. The research was conducted during the first semester of the academic year 1442/1443 AH on a random sample of Arabic language teachers in the Bisha Education Department. They reached about (213) male and female teachers. The results revealed a number of indicators: the level of availability of written expression skills among middle school students in Bisha governorate

This research takes up address the practical side by taking case studies for construction projects that include the various Iraqi governorates, as it includes conducting a field survey to identify the impact of parametric costs on construction projects and compare them with what was reached during the analysis and the extent of their validity and accuracy, as well as adopting the approach of personal interviews to know the reality of the state of construction projects. The results showed, after comparing field data and its measurement in construction projects for the sectors (public and private), the correlation between the expected and actual cost change was (97.8%), and this means that the data can be adopted in the re

Over the last few years, there has been a worldwide increase in the use of composite materials for rehabilitation of deficient reinforced concrete structures. One important application of this technology is the use of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) jacket to provide external confinement of reinforced concrete columns. Square concrete column specimens 100×100×1000 mm with concrete
compressive strength of about 30 and 50 MPa, steel fiber volume fraction 0%, 0.5%, 0.75%, and percentage of longitudinal reinforcement 2.01%, 3.14% and 4.52% were tested until failure in previous research. In this research seven tested columns were repaired and rehabilitated using one layer of CFRP flexible wraps and tested to determine their ultim

جرت التجارة الدولية على اشتراط تسوية دين الصفقة التجارية عن طريق الاعتماد المستندي، وذلك من خلال شرط يدرج غالباً في عقد الصفقة التجارية الأساس. ورغم شيوع هذا الشرط، فإن هذا الأخير لم يحظ، خارج الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، بتنظيم تشريعي وطني، كما لم يحظ باهتمام الأصول والاعراف الموحدة للاعتمادات المستندية. ويشير التطبيق العملي إلى نزاعات متعددة ظهرت بشأن تنفيذ الشرط المذكور، وخاصة بصدد تحديد موعد التزام ال

للعملية الانتخابية أهمية كبيرة في النظام السياسي الذي يأخذ بالديمقراطية النيابية، كما إنها تمثل الرافد الرئيس للممارسة الديمقراطية، إذ تقاس درجة تحضر الشعوب وتقدمها بمعيار ممارستها للديمقراطية، وتصقل هذه الممارسة بما يحظى به المواطنون من وعي وإدراك بحقوقهم السياسية، التي منها حق الترشيح لعضوية المجالس النيابية وحق الانتخاب.

وتُفسَّر أهمية حقّ الترشيح كأحد الحقوق السياسية وأهمية كفالته للمواطن، في

شهد القرنان السابع عشر والثامن عشر حركة فكرية وفلسفية، حيث نادى عدد من المفكرين والفلاسفة بمبدأ المساواة، ومن بعدها ادرج الحق في المساواة في الاعلانات والمعاهدات الدولية والدساتير الوطنية، ويعد الحق في المساواة اصل الحريات واساس الحقوق، وقد يستخدم كمقياس لتطبيق جميع الحقوق والحريات. وان الحق في المساواة يضم عدة مبادئ فرعية ومن أهم هذه المبادئ المساواة أمام الوظيفة العامة، المساواة أمام الأعباء العامة، و

انتشار فايروس كوفيد 19 والذي أثر على جميع نواحي الحياة في كوكبنا، دفعنا إلى البحث عن دور منظمة عالمية متخصصة مثل منظمة الصحة العالمية، لا سيما بعد الانتقادات التي وجهت لها وإلى طريقة مواجهتها لهذه الجائحة، وبناءً على ما تقدم فقد حاولنا أن نبين أسس قيام مسؤولية المنظمة فيما لو صحت الاتهامات التي وجهت لها من خلال هذه الدراسة.

       The current research aims to build a training program for chemistry teachers based on the knowledge economy and its impact on the productive thinking of their students. To achieve the objectives of the research, the following hypothesis was formulated:

   There is no statistically significant difference at (0.05) level of significance between the average grades of the students participating in the training program according to the knowledge economy and the average grades of the students who did not participate in the training program in the test of productive thinking. The study sample consisted of (288) second intermediate grade students divided into (152) for the control group

يعد الاستعراف الطبي من أهم  الاجراءات في التحقيق الجنائي في المقابر الجماعية والذي هو عبارة عن التعرف على الاشخاص المجهولين أحياءً أم أمواتاً، ولما كان ضحايا المقابر الجماعية هم أفراد قتلوا ثم دفنوا أو دفنوا فيها أحياءً، فإن التعرف على جثث الضحايا يستلزم تقييما فنيا وخبرة طبية، وذلك بفحص الجثث فحصا  ظاهريا وباطنيا ( تشريحيا)، ومن قبل الخبراء(الاطباء العدليين) للتعرف على هوية سبب الوفاة الحقيقي ووقته،

يتناول هذا البحث الجانب الإجرائي لعقود النفط ومنها عقد المشاركة في الإنتاج والذي لا يقل أهمية عن الجوانب الأخرى، إذ أن المُشرِعَ في الدول النفطية يوجب توافر إجراءات معينة لإبرام عقود النفط تتعلق بمسائل ذات أهمية كبيرة، منها الأساليب المتبعة من الجهة الإدارية المختصة في الدولة النفطية لإختيار الشركة النفطية الأجنبية للتعاقد معها ، وكذلك الإجراءات الواجب إتباعها عند إجراء المفاوضات مع تلك الشركات بما يحقق