Adenosine deaminase (ADA), also referred to as adenosine aminohydrolase, is a key enzyme that plays a crucial role in purine metabolism. AMP-aminohydrolase, also known as AMP deaminase (AMPDA), facilitates the conversion of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) into inosine monophosphate (IMP). Cigarettes primarily consist of various substances. This study aimed to investigate the influence of cigarettes smoking on serum and saliva ADA and AMPDA activities, exploring the diagnostic potential of these enzymes in smoking- related diseases. Two hundred twenty subjects were enrolled, including 100 healthy smokers and 120 healthy non-smokers with measurement being made of serum and saliva ADA and AMPDA activities as well as complete blood count (CBC)

This study utilized low-cost agricultural waste (molasses production waste powder) to extract copper ions from aqueous solutions. The present investigation explored a range of factors that influence the adsorption process, including temperature, pH, ionic strength, contact time, quantity of adsorbent, and particle size. Spectrophotometric analysis was used to determine the solution's absorbance both before and after the adsorption procedure. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were used to match the equilibrium data. The Freundlich model was determined to be the best isotherm model using the linear regression coefficient R²=0.9868. Thermodynamic parameters, including enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy, were cal

 In organic chemistry the prefix oxo indicates a double bond between an oxygen atom and carbon atom. The oxo group is present in ketons, estern, carboxilic acids, aldehydes and amids. Topological indices are numerical quantities associated with the molecular graphs. Some of the molecular descriptors have proven their ability in predicting physico-chemical properties certain chemical compounds. In this paper structure boiling point relationships are studied for series of oxo organic compounds by ten molecular descriptors. The QSPR modelling for the oxo organic compounds are presented by the means of linear, quadratic, logarithmic and multilinear analysis. The multilinear analysis model produces a correlation coefficient(r) =0.954 and sta

Novel oxopyrimidine (3,7) and pyrazole (4,8) compounds bearing an azo group were successfully synthesized and characterized using FTIR, ¹HNMR, and ¹³CNMR spectroscopy. The diazonium salt was first synthesized by reacting p-amino acetophenone with nitrous acid. This salt was added to activated aromatic rings (o-nitro phenol, β-naphthol) to produce azo compounds (1,5). Following the reaction of these azo compounds with salicylaldehyde, chalcone derivatives (2,6) were produced. Subsequently, these synthetic compounds were cyclized to create pyrazole derivatives (4,8) and oxopyrimidine (3,7

      Currently, Machine learning is an advanced algorithm that yielding accurate classifications or predictions for huge samples sizes. The fat index data is asymmetric and has a right skew so this creates problem when using statistical techniques. For such data, there is still a lot of performance that needs to be improved when comparing statistical techniques and machine learning algorithms. This paper aimed to compare the traditional statistical methods represented by Linear, penalized linear such as Ridge and Lasso regression and machine learning models represented by convolutional neural network for their prediction performance through simulation experiments and real data of fat index. A total of 252 records were used. The pre

     In this study, nanoparticles of metal oxides (CoO, NiO, and TiO₂) were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. These nanoparticles were then incorporated into paraffin wax, serving as a matrix, to create nanocomposites. The resulting materials, [TiO₂; CoO/paraffin] and [TiO₂; NiO/paraffin], were prepared using ultrasonic techniques. The morphology, size, and structures of the synthesized nanocomposites were examined and characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformer infrared (FT-IR), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectro

     Rice, an important food crop, is often faced with widespread and highly contagious diseases that have posed significant threats to agricultural development. However, traditional rice disease identification methods, which rely on the subjective visual examination of experts, hinder timely disease prevention. The advancements in computer vision and deep learning techniques have been key in improving crop disease diagnosis and recognition. This paper suggests a new approach for classifying rice leaf diseases, first via enhancing the input rice plant image through the conversion and extraction techniques. Secondly, by employing the multiple Vision Transformers (ViTs) method, which adopts and dedicates one ViT per type of disease, th

إن الملائكة مخلوقات غيبية عجيبة، ذات أجسام نورانية لطيفة، ليس من السهل أن تراهم وتتحدث معهم، ويتحدثوا معك، مع إمكان ذلك ، وظائف الملائكة المكلفين بها منها علوية، تتعلق بما فوق السماء الدنيا، وهي كثيرة جداً، ومنها ما يتعلق بالعالم الدنيوي، وهي على أقسام كثيرة جداً أيضاً، وكل تلك الوظائف تجري بقدر الله تعالى وأمره وحكمته.

الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على سيد المرسلين. ان دراستي لموضوع (ترجيحات الإمام سراج الدين الأوشي في كتابه: الفتاوى السراجية "باب الطهارة" تهدف الى بيان ترجيحات الامام سراج الدين، وبيان الرأي الفقهي الذي رجّحه من خلال دراسة مستفيضة لكتابه، فقد بدأت بكلام يسير عن حياة الأمام ومن ثم اظهار نص الامام، ثم عرضه على اراء الفقهاء واظهار رأي كل فقيه، ثم بيان ادلة كل منهم وترجيح الرأي الذي يظهر لي وقد أراه أنه

تعد آداب التعامل ضرورية في كل مجتمع؛ لأن اثارها تمتد لتشمل العلاقات بين الناس فعندما نتعامل مع الآخرين بلطف واحترام أن ذلك يخلق شعوراً بالثقة ويضع أساساً قوياً لعلاقات صحية، كذلك كان الهدف من هذا البحث العمل على تعزيز مهارات الاتصال لدينا عن طريق مزيد من الاجتماع النشط والتعبير الفعال، عن طريق الالتزام بآداب التعامل بين الناس فعن طريق الصفح والتسامح، سوف يشجع على الحوار المفتوح والتعاطف والتفاهم مما يؤدي

Background: Keloids of the ear present a significant clinical challenge, with surgical excision alone associated with high recurrence rates (45%–100%). Various adjuvant treatments have been explored to improve outcomes, with intra-lesional corticosteroids showing promise.

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of debulking combined with intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide versus debulking alone in treating earlobe and helical keloids.

Methods: This study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, from January 2014 to October 2015. Twenty-eight female patients with 67 keloid lesions resulting from

Pre-eclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication marked by high blood pressure, typically exceeding 140/90 mmHg, that often emerges after the 20th week of pregnancy. It may be pronounced if there is a high risk for the mother or fetus. The importance of the placental growth factor (PlGF) in predicting preeclampsia has been established by earlier research. However, the study aims to evaluate the predictive accuracy of serum Placental growth factor in determining the severity of disease. The study involved 90 pregnant Iraqi women who developed preeclampsia after 24 weeks of gestation. Based on the magnitude of their hypertension biochemical parameters and, other symptoms, the women were categorized into two groups: 45 moderate cases and 4

Background: Infertility is a global issue that not only affects individuals but also impacts society as a whole. Kisspeptin has emerged as a key player in the understanding of certain facets of infertility. However, research on the role of kisspeptin in fertility, particularly in assisted reproductive treatment, remains limited.
Objectives: To investigate the potential association between follicular fluid kisspeptin levels and various reproductive parameters, including the number and maturity of oocytes, fertilization rate, pregnancy detection, anti-Müllerian hormone levels, and the age of females.
Methods: Sixty infertile couples with an age range of 20 – 40 years participa

ABSTRACT :

Background: Osteoarthritis is a prevalent chronic joint condition that occurs when the cartilage, which acts as a low-friction surface between the joints, deteriorates, resulting in pain, stiffness, and swelling. There has been controversy about the effectiveness and tolerability of corticosteroids and hyaluronic acid, and about the superiority of one over the other in treating OA.
Objective current study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of hyaluronic acid (HA) and methylprednisolone (MP) in the

     The mandibular first molar that has undergone endodontic treatment (ETMFM) may contain an additional canal that often goes unnoticed, known as the undetected second distal canal (USDC). While radiography is commonly used to identify the USDC in ETMFMs, its actual occurrence rate might differ when examined through histological methods. The prevalence of this canal was evaluated histologically through laboratory analysis and radiographically through cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). This study included 24 ETMFM from a total of 372 extracted mandibular first molars (MFM) from 372 Iraqi patients, which were collected from several private dental clinics in Baghdad city during 2022–2023. The extra canals, accounting for 6.45% of

Background: Bronchogenic carcinoma is considered one of the most common malignant diseases that affects both sexes. The radiological profile of bronchogenic cancer can prove to be of great assistance in the management of this disease.
Objectives: The current study aimed to assess a radiological profile for bronchogenic carcinoma in a sample of Iraqi patients.
Methods: A cross-sectional study that comprised a total of 100 patients affected with bronchogenic cancer in Al-Imamain Al-Kadhimain Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq, from the 1^st of January to 31^st  of July 2020. Clinical characteristics, diagnostic modalities, the site of the tumor with

Background: Substance abuse can be defined briefly as the excessive and continuous consumption of psychoactive substances without medical supervision, leading to dependence and adverse health consequences. Substance abuse is an escalating and surging public health challenge in Iraq.

Objectives: To assess the frequency of substance abuse among a large group of senior undergraduate medical students and to identify the associated factors.

Methods: A convenience sample of 388 senior medical students from the College of Medicine/ University of Baghdad during April 2023 took part in this study. Itemployed a modified electronic version of the Drug Addiction Survey Questionnaire (D

The central focus of this investigation is examining the cytotoxic properties of various crude extracts derived from Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) on human skin squamous carcinoma cells in vitro. The present study centres on three distinct extracts, namely, hot aqueous, cold aqueous, and ethanolic, all of which were prepared from G. lucidum sourced from DXN Company. The primary objective is to elucidate the potential inhibitory effects these extracts have on the proliferation of human skin squamous carcinoma cells. To achieve this goal, the extracts were subjected to analysis using GC-MS technology. The colorimetric assay method also played a critical role in assessing cytotoxicity (inhibition rate) and cellul

This paper deal with a technique of approximation which is insert to find the solution of a new type of couple system of constant coefficients parabolic equations (CPS) from mixing the method of finite element of Galerkin (GFEM) “in the variable of space” with the finite differences method of implicit type (IFDM) in the variable of time. Therefore, the abbreviation IGFEM is utilized to express on the method named by implicit Galerkin finite element method (IGFEM(. In this method at each  discrete value of time , the CPS  convert into a Galerkin system of  algebraic equations (GLAS) and later it is resolved by utilizing the method of  Cholesky Decomposition (ChDeM). Examples of explanations are awarded and the illustration for the

Nickel (Ni) is considered a toxic heavy metal that causes serious diseases in humans and animals. Therefore, this study was conducted on common carp, which is considered an essential food item for humans. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of nickel exposure on the gene expression of glutathione peroxidase and metallothionein in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.1785 (Common carp)), focusing on the effects observed after 3 and 6 weeks of exposure. The experimental fish's morphometric features were noted. All fish were stocked, regardless of gender.  Fish were subjected to varying concentrations of 20, 40, 68, 80, and 100 mg/L to obtain the LC50 for Ni during 96 hours which was 80 mg/L through 96 hours.  Additionally, the fi

The estimation of the stress–strength model is perhaps one of the most challenging concepts in reliability analysis. Therefore, in this paper, a new metaheuristic algorithm (BAT algorithm) is used to estimate the Stress strength reliability system for the generalized inverse Pareto distribution. Furthermore, some  statistical properties for generalized inverse Pareto distribution are derived. In a 
simulation study, the BAT algorithm and the classical Maximum Likelihood (MLE) method are compared using the Relative efficiency criterion. The results show that the BAT variant estimates the parameters more accurately than the MLE.

This study examined the fnbA gene, which plays a role in biofilm formation, in Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that were exposed to copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) produced using an aqueous extract from the leaves of Myrtus communis and Nerium oleander plants. A total of 54 S. aureus bacteria were isolated from wastewater samples. Gene expression analysis was conducted using a quantitative RT-PCR readyMix apparatus with a classical conventional PCR model of BIOER – Germany. The cDNA samples from S. aureus bacteria and fnbA gene were quantified using quantitative real-time PCR by applying SYBR green using a two-step RT-PCR method to determine the effect of CuNP

Workers in automotive repair shops are at risk of exposure to hazardous chemicals, which can have varying health consequences depending on the duration and intensity of exposure, and may ultimately contribute to environmental pollution. The objective of this study is to identify variations in the biochemical levels, including liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lipid profile, and atherogenic indices (AIP) between workers in car mechanics workshops and occupationally unexposed participants in Baghdad. Blood samples were taken from 70 workers aged 18–50 at car mechanics workshops. The occupations included car maintenance (WI, n = 35), vehicle painting (WII, n = 35), and healthy males (C, n = 25

A novel benzothiazole derivative compound, [M1], was synthesized by reacting 4-aminoacetophenone with 2-aminobenzothiazole in the presence of glacial acetic acid as a catalyst, enabling the efficient formation of the target compound. Amic acid compounds [M2-M4] were synthesized from the reaction of compound [M1] with various cyclic anhydrides in dry acetone. Cyclic imides derivatives were synthesized by a dehydrated reaction of the prepared amic acid [M2-M4] with acetic anhydride and sodium acetate to produce the corresponding cyclic imides [M5-M7]. The synthesized compounds [M5-M7] reacted with Acetyl chloride to produce the corresponding acetamide derivatives compounds [M8-M10]. The polyether derivatives [M11-M13] were synthesized from

Image denoising is a computer vision task that mainly aims to remove unwanted noise from a given image while preserving all necessary details and related information. Detection of edges and smooth image generation are required criteria for measuring the quality of the image denoiser. This paper introduces a new model for image denoising based on total variation (TV). The unprecedented novelty total variation (NTV) model combines norm-based total variation (TV) and  norm-based TV regularization. This paper uses the implicit finite difference method to solve the NTV model numerically. The statistical measurements are used to compare the results obtained using the NTV model with those obtained using other models, which show the superiority

This study examines the problems with the assessment of river water quality, which is affected by multiple water quality parameters (WQPs) that have inherent uncertainties and uneven decision-maker judgments. To cope with these uncertainties, we use soft sets, fuzzy sets, and fuzzy soft sets. In particular, we first present the square root mean square (SQRTMS) and a water pollution score (WPS) for fuzzy soft sets and propose a novel water pollution assessment framework, i.e., the fuzzy soft multi-criteria group decision-making model (Ω-model). This model produces Ω score, a weighted water pollution score, to classify pollution levels. The proposed methodology is made on water quality indices of Haora River in Tripura India, which ser

Assessing landslide susceptibility is paramount in planning, implementing management plans, and mitigating risks in areas vulnerable to this hazard. The present study, based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Frequency Ratio (FR) in conjunction with Geographic Information Systems (GIS), aims to evaluate landslide susceptibility in the Oued Lebene watershed. Eleven causal factors determining landslides were considered, including elevation, slope, aspect, curvature, relative relief, lithology, precipitation, and distance to drainage, distance to road, NDVI, land use, and vegetation cover. By applying AHP and FR methods, a correlation between previous landslides and triggering factors was established to assess their influence on

In this study, nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) were synthesized using 
nickel nitrate hexahydrate and licorice leaves extract, which served as both a 
reducing agent and a capping agent. The optical, structural, and microscopic 
properties of the NiO-NPs were characterized using a range of techniques, including 
UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy
dispersive X-ray analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and atomic 
force microscopy. The bio-reducing potential of Licorice leaves was examined 
using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy for phytochemical analysis of plant 
extract. Furthermore, cell cytotoxicity investigation was conducte

     Stable isotopes of water have many environmental benefits and applications, including water management to determine the origin of water, the age of ground waters, and the main pollution sources. An analysis was conducted on stable isotopes δ¹⁸O and δ ²H in rain samples obtained from a single location in Baghdad between 2013 and 2023. A statistical study was employed to determine the factors that affect the spatial and temporal isotopic fluctuations in rainfall. This work aimed to examine the impact of temperature, humidity levels, and precipitation rates on the isotopic composition of precipitation in Baghdad. The results showed that the MWL of Baghdad city, with a d- excess value of 12.69 , was higher th

يعد مفهوم الوطن من المفاهيم المهمة والمفصلية في منظومة الفكر البشري، لما له من آثار وتداعيات على صعيد العلاقات بين الامم والشعوب. وقد دار حوار بين الأوساط الدينية عما إذا كان هناك تعارض بين الولاء العاطفي للوطن وبين الموقف الشرعي منه حيث ادعى البعض كمحمّد سعيد العشماوي (١٩٣٢-٢٠١٣) وجود تعارض بينهما؛ وان الإبقاء على الموقف الشرعي يفضي إلى تقويض الولاء الوطني، الأمر الذي نفاه التيار الديني، مدعيًّا ان الموقف