يهدف هذا البحث إلى بيان مفهوم سد الذرائع وأثره في تحقيق مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية، من خلال دراسة نماذج تطبيقية من الفقه الإسلامي يوضح فيها البحث كيفية استخدام سد الذرائع كأداة وقائية لمنع الفساد وحماية المصالح العامة، خاصة في مجالات المعاملات والعقوبات، كما يستعرض أمثلة من الأحكام الشرعية التي اعتمدت على هذا الأصل لضمان العدالة وتحقيق المصلحة العامة. لذا رغبت في ان اكتب هذا البحث لبيان اثر سد الذرائع في حفظ

(Phobia) is defined as abnormal and unjustified fears that may hinder the individual from carrying out his daily work and activities. Since the target group for the current research are university students, specifically students of the College of Basic Education, due to their importance in society through being teachers of the new generation, the current research aimed to identify the most common pathological fears among university students, and their relationship to the gender variable (males and females), and to the specialization variable (scientific, humanities). The research consisted of four chapters. The first chapter contained the research objectives, problem, and importance, in addition to its limits and definition of its terms.

Background: Extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a significant problem currently due to the increasing prevalence of this pathogen.
Objectives: To underscore the growing threat of antibiotic-resistant K. pneumoniae by investigating the prevalence of class 1 integrons among selected multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates, with the goal of emphasizing the need for strengthened surveillance and targeted antimicrobial strategies.
Methods: Seventy-four K. pneumoniae isolates have been identified out of 200 clinical samples from different clinical sources (urine, burns, blood, sputum, wounds). Isolates w

     Fish feed is influenced by several factors, including the raw ingredients used in the feed, the content of proteins, carbohydrates, and vitamins, the manufacturing process, and the way the feed is stored. Its impact on the fish's growth rate, which should continuously increase. Caulerpa sp. is rich in nutrients, providing vegetable protein, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins. This research aims to examine the effect of incorporating feed with additional Caulerpa sp. on the growth of red tilapia. One alternative is the addition of C. racemosa (sea grape seaweed flour) as a feed supplement in tilapia feed. This research used an experimental method with a completely randomized design with 4 treatments

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine problem affecting women with an estimated global prevalence of 9%, due to inherited and environmental causes. PCOS mainly impacts women aged 15-35 years, and women who are at their earliest or final period of pregnancy. Subfatin is a newly identified hormone that controls metabolism and is thought to be a biomarker for PCOS and metabolic syndrome. Vitamin D3 has an important function in the development of PCOS.
Objective: To explore the effect of obesity on Subfatin and D3 levels, and the impact of the pathophysiology of PCOS on Subfatin and D3 levels.
Methods: The total number of participants was 120: 80 fem

Background: Urinary tract infections are one of the most common bacterial infections, caused mainly by Escherichia coli. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) possess virulence factors that can worsen infections, partly regulated by the BarA/UvrY two-component system, which controls genes associated with adhesion, motility, and biofilm formation through small RNAs and carbon metabolism regulators.

Objectives: To determine the pathogenicity and some genotype features of Escherichia coli from urine specimens collected from young women patients and assess their antibiotic resistance.

Methods: Between September and November 2024, 20

     This work compares mud volcanoes from the NW Moroccan Atlantic Margin and the Ceuta Drift in the Mediterranean Moroccan Margins. Through the analysis and interpretation of high-resolution seismic data combined with existing research, the study explores the distinct formation mechanisms and the structural characteristics of mud volcano systems in these regions. The NW Moroccan Atlantic Margin, influenced by the accretionary wedge and the strike-slip faulting associated with the Rif-Betic Arc tectonic movement, exhibits mud volcanoes formed primarily through the upward movement of mud diapirs along faults. In contrast, the Ceuta Drift is characterized by mud volcanoes formed on top of the seafloor-piercing mud diapirs, resulting f

Background: Breast cancer is a leading malignancy in women, shaped by genetic and environmental factors. Resistin, a potential chemotherapy target, may contribute to chemoresistance when mutated. This study applies computational methods to analyze how single-nucleotide polymorphisms alter resistin’s structure and function, potentially reducing its chemotherapy sensitivity.

Methods:  A total of 105 fresh blood samples were collected from patients recruited from the Oncology Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq. between March-2020 and September-2023. Samples were classified into 3 groups of 35 samples each: control, benign and patients. DNA extraction, PCR, Sanger sequencing and computa

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrinology disorder affecting women in the years of reproduction. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a result of polyunsaturated fatty acid peroxidation and is widely utilized as a trustworthy indicator of peroxidation of lipids and oxidative damage. Conversely, Vitamin D deficiency is a global issue affecting around one billion individuals. 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ is linked to multiple metabolic processes and reproduction facets of women with PCOS and thus may contribute to the PCOS pathophysiology.
Objectives: To measure and compare serum malondialdehyde levels and 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ concentrations between women with polycystic ovary syndrom

     Leishmaniasis, a disease triggered by the parasitic protozoan Leishmania, is spread through the bite of infected female sandflies, specifically those of the Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia species. The body's defense mechanisms, both innate and adaptive, rely heavily on cytokines, a category of glycoproteins or modulatory proteins that orchestrate a crucial response to infection and disease. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between serum IL-17A levels and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of IL-17A (rs2275913) with the susceptibility to cutaneous leishmaniasis. A total 200 samples of whole blood were collected form patients and controls at Baquba Teaching Hospital /Diyala Governorate/ Iraq from October 2022 to Februa

Background: The prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria has demonstrated a need to develop and use alternative antimicrobial agents. There has been a growing interest in medicinal plants and herbs and their extracts.
Objective: To identify the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed against multidrug-resistant clinical bacterial isolates (Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Acinetobacter baumannii).
Methods: Aqueous and alcoholic extracts were prepared from the seeds of the Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) plant. A gas chromatog

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders and autoimmune diseases.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D and the pathogenesis of primary hypothyroidism.
Methods: A case-control study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, and Endocrinology and Diabetes Clinic. The study involved 81 patients aged 29-62 years, with 24 newly diagnosed hypothyroidism, 33 had established hypothyroidism, and 24 had subclinical hypothyroidism. The control group consisted of 40 healthy individuals aged 29-62 years. The study used the MAGLUMI® 800 analyzer Chemiluminesce

In this study, the heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), micro-plastics (MPs), and their potential soil contamination in a specific area in Baghdad City, Iraq were studied. During February and June 2024, soil samples were collected from six locations (Agricultural, plastic factory, Oil factory soil, Barren soil, residential, and Landfill soil) within Baghdad City. The total concentration of heavy metals of Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn,, Cd, and Fe in the soil samples ranges between 3.27and 26.4, 12.9 and 33.6, 24.7 and 114, 319 and 715, 0.37 and 2.19 and 603 and5142 mgkg^-1 in the dry period, while it ranges between 3.07and 24.7, 12.10 and 31.51, 23.17 and 106.9, 299.2 and 690, 0.35and2.05 and565 and 4822 mgkg^-1 i

Background: Cell-cycle-regulating proteins, including cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B p27^kip1_, have been researched in different malignancies, including thyroid carcinoma, and their association with tumor aggressiveness and recurrence has been examined in many tumors.

Objective: This research aimed to examine the clinicopathological relevance of reduced cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B p27^kip1 expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma and its association with the clinicopathological parameters indicative of papillary thyroid carcinoma aggressiveness. 

Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-e

In vitro fertilization (IVF) program patients have elevated anxiety levels. Therefore, they immediately contact fertility doctors through existing communication media to get treatment. However, fertility doctors cannot respond quickly due to high workloads. The intelligent health system that implements the Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) model is widely used to assist doctors in handling patient complaints. However, the system provides opportunities for modification so that the performance of the CBR model increases and further assists fertility doctors in handling IVF patient anxiety. This study modified the CBR model by integrating several previous research results (CCBR similarity formula, combination of CBR with Rule-Based Reasoning, the

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune illness. Oxidative stress such as Malondialdehyde plays a major role in the pathophysiology of RA while antioxidants such as Coenzyme Q10 play protect role against inflammation.

Objectives: The study aimed to compare serum concentrations of Coenzyme Q10 and Malondialdehyde in rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy controls and to evaluate how different types of treatment (biologics and chemotherapy) influence serum levels of them in this disease. 

Methods: The case-control study was conducted on 88 individuals (60 had been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and 28 healthy as (Controls). The pati

This research aims to explore the potential of curcumin as an efflux pump inhibitor to potentiate the antibacterial activity of tobramycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. From a total of 175 samples, 93 isolates of P. aeruginosa were successfully isolated and identified through 16S rRNA confirmation. Disc-diffusion method was used to choose the most-resisted antibiotic. The minimum inhibitory concentration of antibiotic tobramycin alone and in combination with curcumin were evaluated by agar dilution method. The expression of mexZ was also analyzed using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction in the presence of antibiotic and antibiotic with curcumin. The minimum inhibitory concentration of tobramycin

Background: Wilms' tumor and Neuroblastoma are common pediatric malignancies, with biochemical markers like plasma metanephrines and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) being studied for diagnostic and prognostic values. Metanephrine, a catecholamine metabolite, is elevated in Neuroblastoma due to tumor secretion. Elevated LDH levels may correlate with tumor burden and indirectly indicate disease activity.
Objectives: To evaluate plasma metanephrine and lactate dehydrogenase as biomarkers in Neuroblastoma and Wilms tumor in pediatric patients.
Methods: The study was conducted between February and December 2024, in the Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, Medical C

Background: Axial spondyloarthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder driven by tumor necrosis factor alpha and the interleukin-23/interleukin-17 pathway. Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors such as infliximab improve outcomes, but responses vary, suggesting genetic influences; vitamin D receptor polymorphisms—particularly BsmI ( rs1544410) may modulate disease activity and therapeutic response.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between the VDR BsmI polymorphism and disease activity, as well as infliximab treatment response in patients with Axial spondyloarthritis.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 AxSpA patients (108 males, 42 females) receiv

Background: The thyroid is a vital endocrine gland that regulates growth, metabolism, and development. Thyroid dysfunction (TD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are two prevalent endocrine disorders with overlapping pathophysiological features.
Objective: To investigate the potential role of proenkephalin-A (PENK-A) as a diagnostic and predictive biomarker for type 2 diabetes in women with thyroid dysfunction.
Methods: A total of 130 women aged 25–55 years were enrolled in the study, including 100 patients with thyroid disorders and 30 healthy controls. The study was conducted from December 2024 to April 2025 at Al-Kindy Center for Endocrinology and Diabetes in Baghdad. Participant

المقدمة:
تعتبر مشكلة تأثير مشاهدة العنف على الأطفال والعواقب النفسية المحتملة لهذا التعرض في سياق الطفولة،
من بين القضايا الهامة التي تثير اهتمام العديد من الباحثين والمختصين في مجال علم النفس والتربية. فالأطفال
كثيرًا ما يتعرضون لمشاهدة المشاهد العنيفة، سواء في الأفلام، التلفاز، ألعاب الفيديو، أو حتى في بعض
الأحداث الواقعية التي يشهدونها في بيئتهم المحيطة، وهذا يثير التساؤلات حول تأثير ذلك ع

هدف البحث الحالي إلى ابراز الإمكانيات التقنية والفنية ببرنامج (Mental Canvas) لإثراء المداخل البحثية من خلال الإمكانيات الفنية والتقنية في البرنامج ، ووضع قائمة بالمعايير التربوية لتصميم رسومات توضيحية رقميةلانتاج كتيب للأطفال ،وإبراز أهمية برنامج (Mental Canvas) وإثراء الجانب المعرفي في البرامج الرقمية الفنية الحديثة الخاصة بالرسوم ثلاثية الأبعاد التفاعلية ، وقد تسهم نتائج البحث الحالية بتحديد أهمية

تناقش هذه الدراسة الدور الحاسم للجماليات في التأثير على تقييمات وتفضيلات المستهلكين للمنتجات الصناعية. ومع اعتبار التصميم عاملاً مميزاً رئيسياً في الأسواق التنافسية، تستكشف الدراسة كيفية تفاعل العناصر الجمالية مع استجابات المستخدمين. تركز الدراسة على مكونات التقييم الجمالي، بما في ذلك التناسق البصري، وسهولة الاستخدام، والتأثيرات الثقافية، وتأثيرها على سلوك المستهلك والانخراط العاطفي. اذ اعتمد البحث ع

تتناول هذه الورقة البحثية موضوع تمثيل الجوع عبر فن الخزف من خلال تجسيد رمزية "الرغيف" باستخدام فن التجهيز في الفراغ تهدف الدراسة إلى استكشاف الأبعاد الإنسانية المرتبطة بالجوع والشبع، حيث يستخدم الرغيف كرمز للحياة والغنى في سياق معاصر. تكمن أهمية البحث في تسليط الضوء على دور الفنون البصرية في زيادة الوعي بالجوع كقضية إنسانية، -خصوصا- في ظل الأزمات العالمية مثل جائحة كوفيد- 19 والحروب التي أثر

يهدف البحث الحالي الى تعرف إثر منشطات الادراك في تطوير الخبرات التعليمة لدى طلبة التربية الفنية في مادة طرائق التدريس.

تم تحديد مجتمع البحث والتي تمثلت بأفراد الصف الثالث في قسم التربية الفنية / كلية الفنون الجميلة \ والذي يتكون من (6) شعب دراسية بلغ عدد الطلبة فيها (114) طالباً وطالبة بواقع (59) طالباً و (55) طالبة.

تم تحديد عينة البحث بالطريقة العشوائية والمتمثلة بالشعبتين (ج-د) بلغ عدد طلبتها (38) طالبا وطال

ان استخدام الرموز التاريخية في تصميم إعلانات السياحة يُعدّ أحد الأساليب الفعّالة لجذب السياح، اذ تشمل هذه الرموز المعالم الأثرية، والشخصيات التاريخية، والأحداث البارزة التي تُعزز من جاذبية الوجهة السياحية، فهي تضفي طابعاً فريداً وأصيلاً على الإعلانات، مما يجذب الزوار الذين يهتمون بالتاريخ والثقافة، تناول الإطار النظري الرموز التاريخية وتوظيفها في الإعلان السياحي، فضلا عن إجراءات البحث متمثلة بالمجتم

يرتكز الموضوع على المفهوم التشكيلي وخلق الصور التشكيلية وادخالها في المسرح عن طريق العلامة الصورية للتشكيل او بتناول الاساليب النحتية وانتاج الاداء الحركي والفني على وفق الاسس النحتية التي تناولها المخرج واسس صورته الفنية على وفق هذا النحو، وايضاح الاساليب التطبيقية التي استخدمت في تطبيق هذا المفهوم في العرض المسرحي والاليات الاخراجية التي تناولها المخرجين في تكوين التشكيل الجمالي والفني لمفردة البلاس

يشكل التفكير عملية ذهنية يتفاعل فيها الادراك الحسي البصري للانسان (المتعلم) مع ما اكتسبه من الخبرات التعليمية عبر مراحل التطور ومستوى ذكائه الذي يتمتع به لتحقيق هدف معين يستند الى الدافعية التي تحرك طاقاته في ازالة العقبات او المشكلات التي يواجهها في المواقف الحياتية والاجتماعية، بناءا على ماتقدم فان البحث الحالي يقف عند متغير اساسي يتمثل بأنماط التفكير لذا فأن مشكلة البحث تبلورت على وفق التساؤل الاتي بما

تأسست غرضية  الاسطورة من بث تساؤلات فلسفية ، تدريجيا مع تطور الفكر الفلسفي تحولت غرضيتها الى تفسير مشاكل اجتماعية وتمثيل ظواهره وتسجيل للطقوس, لتبث طاقتها المحملة بالمدلولات الى المتلقي من خلال اشكال الاحالة الموضوعية كمعادل لأفكار المؤلف عن احداث فردية و اسطره تقترن بأحداث الحاضر الاجتماعية، تم طرح عنوان البحث الموسوم بـ (الاستعارة الاسطورية في اعمال هنري فوسيلي) يتمثل غرارا الفصل الاول الاطار المنهجي و

بين البحث الى أن الاسلام قد حقق الأمن المنشود من الجميع بصورة ملفتة للنظر عن طريق وسائل معنوية ومادية ملموسة ومدروسة، وأن الأمن في الاسلام جزء لا يتجزأ من المنظومة الحياتية للفرد المسلم، وأنه لن يسمح لأحد أن يخل بالنظام، ويثير الفوضى، ويزعزع بنيان الأمن في المجتمع المسلم. تطرق البحث الى ان الإسلام قد كفل حقوقا ًاجتماعية وأعطى ضمانات حقيقية بحيث تمكن الفرد من أداء دوره بحرية ومن دون مخاوف أو عقبات. تكمن اهمية