Image compression is a suitable technique to reduce the storage space of an image, increase the area of storage in the device, and speed up the transmission process. In this paper, a new idea for image compression is proposed to improve the performance of the Absolute Moment Block Truncation Coding (AMBTC) method depending on Weber's law condition to distinguish uniform blocks (i.e., low and constant details blocks) from non-uniform blocks in original images. Then, all elements in the bitmap of each uniform block are represented by zero. After that, the lossless method, which is Run Length method, is used for compressing the bits more, which represent the bitmap of these uniform blocks. Via this simple idea, the result is improving the c

An arc discharge model for the discharge layers close to the cathode surface is reported. In addition to calculating the degree of plasma ionization and the ionization length to the average free path ratio; the effect of the voltage (U=10 V and 20 V), the temperature of the cathode surface, and mixture concentration (xenon- sodium) on the current density of plasma ( ), of ion ( j_i,), of electrons(  ), and of electrons emitted from the surface cathode (j_em,) , the ion energy density qi and the electron energy q_e was determined. The voltage (U=20V) had a greater effect. At sodium concentrations between (0.1 and 0.5 moles) added to xenon, a shift towards lower temperatures (1500-3000) K after adding sodium

In this study , nanoparticles of the metal oxides CuO, ZnO, and TiO₂ were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. These nanoparticles were then used to dope paraffin wax (as the matrix material) and prepare nanocomposites [TiO₂; CuO/paraffin] and [TiO₂; ZnO/paraffin] through the ultrasound method. The morphology, size, and structures of the synthesized nanocomposite were examined and characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier and transform infrared (FT-IR), in order to confirm the design of nanocomposite based nanostructures and reveal their distinctive features from where distribution on paraffin wax. The results of AFM analysis of the two synthesized nanostruc

Let G be a finite simple connected graph of order p, size q, and block B=B(G). The semifull graph of  G is a graph that has a vertex set V(G)∪E(G)∪B(G). So that any two vertices in the semifull graph of G are adjacent if any two vertices are adjacent in G, or any two edges are adjacent in G, or any two blocks are adjacent in G, or any vertex incident on edge or block. It was found that Hosoya polynomial, Wiener index, and average distance of a semifull graph are for some special graphs such as star, wheel, path, and cycle graphs, in addition to specifying  the diameter for each of the resulting graphs.

In recent decades, the identification of faces with and without masks from visual data, such as video and still images, has become a captivating research subject. This is primarily due to the global spread of the Corona pandemic, which has altered the appearance of the world and necessitated the use of masks as a vital measure for epidemic prevention. Intellectual development based on artificial intelligence and computers plays a decisive role in the issue of epidemic safety, as the topic of facial recognition and identifying individuals who wear masks or not was most prominent in the introduction and in-depth education. This research proposes the creation of an advanced system capable of accurately identifying faces, both with and witho

Analytical studies of finite projective spaces of interest make understanding space objects much easier. In this paper, an analytic study is given of the finite projective space of dimension seven. Formulas of some combinatorial properties and details are found like, number of i-spaces through j-spaces, i>j, spaces resulting from the intersection of two spaces, i-space with j-space i≠j, and the relation between lines and skew lines. Also, the basic conditions to spread the space by lines were also found. All obtained results were implemented on the finite projective space of dimension seven over the finite field of order two as an example.

The Furin cleavage site and fusion peptide are critical regions in the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. The activation of the spike protein relies on furin cleavage, whereas the fusion peptide is critical for merging the viral envelope with host cell membranes. This study aims to map the mutations in the S1/S2 Furin, S2' cleavages sites, and fusion peptide regions within Iraqi isolates, examining the variability and conservation of these critical sites. Our study includes 14 SARS-CoV-2 Sanger sequenced fragments coupled with data mining of the 1043 genomic dataset of Furin/ S2' cleavage sites and fusion peptide regions extracted from whole genome sequences, representing the entire entry of Iraq to GISAID during the pandemic. The current anal

The research presents a proposed model for the role of using waiting queue models in improving the performance of health institutions in Iraq, Baghdad. The proposed model relies on a set of numerical methods, the most important of which is the quantitative programming method (QM for Windows). The model analyzes the stability of the system and simulations are performed to evaluate its performance. The main goal of this paper is to improve the performance of these government medical institutions in Iraq in a scientifically sound manner, so that the proposed model is applied to reduce crowding and waiting in health centers. This study was applied in one of the health centers in Baghdad, Palestine Street (Al-Idrisi neighborhood) during the p

This paper studies the mixed triple optimal control vector problem (MTOCVP) controlled by nonlinear system of triple elliptic PDEs (or for short TNES) under appropriate hypotheses.  The existence theorem of a unique triple state vector solution (TSVS) for the weak formulation resulting from the TNES is demonstrated by employing the Browder theorem, with fixed mixed triple control vector (MTCV). The Lipshcitz operator between the MTCV and its conforming TSVS is demonstrated continuous. The existence theorem of a mixed triple optimal control vector (MTOCV) controlling by the TNES is stated and demonstrated, under suitable assumptions. 

The Code-Talker Paradox concept is applied to test the ability to achieve differential privacy while maintaining an acceptable level of machine learning accuracy. A real-world dataset for heart failure patients is used to test the accuracy. Four different machine learning algorithms, namely: decision tree, logistic regression, random forest, and Naïve Bayes, are employed. Laplace noise is added to the raw dataset to protect private and sensitive user data. This research aims to: first, find a balanced noise scale where differential privacy is achievable with an acceptable accuracy result. Second, evaluate the four machine learning classifiers and introduce the one that best fits the current heart failure dataset. Hyperparameter tunings

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a widespread, yet often overlooked, parasitic disease caused by the Leishmania protozoan, which is prevalent in numerous countries, including Iraq. This condition is marked by the appearance of skin lesions on various exposed areas of the body. In most old-world regions, sodium stibogluconate (SSG) is the classical widely used drug to treat CL. The progression of skin ulceration is controlled by different inflammatory modulators including cytokines and enzymes. In this study, the possible role of the enzyme Matrix metalloproteinase9 (MMP-9) and its inhibitor Metallopeptidase inhibitor-1 (TIMP-1) as immunological markers was evaluated in CL patients suffering from cutaneous leishmaniasis before and after tr

Beta thalassemia major (BTM) is a genetic disorder that has been linked to an increased risk of contracting blood-borne viral infections, primarily due to the frequent blood transfusions required to manage the condition. One such virus that can be transmitted through blood is the Human Parvovirus B19 (B19V). The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and molecular detection of B19V. This study included 60 blood donors as controls and 120 BTM patients. B19V was identified by serology, which measured B19-IgG and B19-IgM antibodies. Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nPCR) was employed to target the VP1/VP2 structural proteins. The results showed that B19V seropositivity represents 27.5% (33 out of 120) in BTM patients, and only

In recent years, the rapid rise of the population and urbanization have raised the issue of air pollution. Because of its impact on human health, air quality monitoring is a crucial problem. Air pollution impacts our daily lives and quality of life. It presents a threat to the planet's environment and quality of life. Because industrial operations have grown in recent years, there is a clear need to monitor air quality. People must realize how their actions affect the quality of the air. With advances in sensing and embedded technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a cost-effective alternative to costly and stationary air quality monitoring stations for implementing air quality monitoring systems (AQMS). By developing an a

The present world depends on communications. Increasing dependency on communications means the importance of information security is increasing than ever. Every user wants to keep the data secure by applying a strong data encryption concept. The strong data encryption can be satisfied by using a strong encryption algorithm and strong key. In this research, a method is proposed –Key Generation Method (KGM) to generate the strong unique keys for the cryptographic algorithm. This method includes using 22 different types of hash functions to generate 22 strong unique keys with different two lengths (128-bit and 256-bit), then applying these keys with the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm. Analysis tools (entropy and autocorrelat

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a notorious opportunistic pathogen that frequently causes hospital-acquired infections, particularly in burn wounds and urinary tract infections, and is consistently ranked among the top three most common Gram-negative pathogens associated with these types of infections. During a period of 4 months, from 8/2021 to 11/2021, 65 samples were collected from patients suffered from burns, wounds, and UTIs infections in three hospitals in Baghdad. The conventional cultural identity of the isolates was confirmed by the results of the VITEK 2 system. Molecular identification of P. aeruginosa isolates based on 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing was done, followed by testing antibiotic susceptibil

This paper introduces approximate estimators for the scale parameters, reliability, and hazard rate functions of the exponential Rayleigh distribution using Modified Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian method. The Modified Maximum Likelihood estimator requires iterative techniques such as the modified Newton–Raphson method due to the unavailability of closed-form expressions. Bayesian estimators are derived using both symmetric and asymmetric loss functions, and Lindley's approximation method is employed for integrals that lack closed-form solutions. Finally, the estimators obtained are compared through Monte Carlo simulation study.

This study intends to investigate the effect of rotation on the peristaltic transport of non-Newtonian Sutterby fluid through wave channel. The equations are non-homogeneous and non-linear partial differential equations. The equations have been resolved using approximation long wavelength assumptions. The results have been examined through graphics using the “Mathematica 13” program. Therefore, it has been noticed that the effect of the flow rate, amplitude ratio, density of the fluid, viscosity of the fluid, rotation and tube's average radius on the distribution of velocity, pressure gradient, pressure rise, friction forces and stream function. It has been noticed by increasing the flow rate, amplitude ratio, density of the fluid an

In this research, a new weighting method was presented based on the truncated fractional Mittag-Leffler function. Alternatives to Jacobi polynomials represented by the Chelyshkov polynomial with the orthogonal property and the fractional degree were relied upon. This approach is based on weighted residual methods. The differential equations are converted into a system of linear or nonlinear algebraic equations. Accurate results were obtained in various applications, and the convergence of the proposed method was studied and the Chelyshkov polynomial was compared with other functions. In addition, weighting methods were compared. In comparison with other methods, the results showed the efficiency of the proposed method in solving such typ

In this paper, the homotopy perturbation method will be used in connection with Laplace transformation method to give a hybrid approach as a modification of the homotopy perturbation method to find the approximate solutions of random ordinary differential equations. The approximate solution is proved also to converge to the exact solution, in which the analysis of the proof is based on mean square convergence of the sequence of a random process. The proposed hybrid approach is effectively used to find the exact solution for the considered examples, which are simulated and solved using two generations of Brownian motion with a total length of signal processing, namely 500 and 1000 generations.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent form of cancer worldwide, yet there is a scarcity of research on the serum levels of interleukins (ILs) in patients with CRC, with only a limited number of studies having been published to date. The present work aimed to investigate the contributions of selected blood molecules, namely IL-18 and IL-22, Kelch-like ECH associated protein-1 (Keap-1), aldolase (ALD), and forkhead O4 (FOXO4). The analysis involved 60 CRC patients and30 healthy subjects who served ascontrol. The serum levels of IL-22, IL-18, Keap-1, and ALD were performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while FOXO4 expression was measured by RT-qPCR. Serum levels of IL-18, IL-22, and Keap-1 were not statistically significant

Consider a simple graph   on vertices and edges together with a total  labeling . Then ρ is called total edge irregular labeling if there exists a one-to-one correspondence, say  defined by  for all  where  Also, the value  is said to be the edge weight of . The total edge irregularity strength of the graph G is indicated by  and is the least  for which G admits   edge irregular h-labeling.  In this article,   for some common graph families are examined. In addition, an open problem is solved affirmatively.

This work aims to develop a secure lightweight cipher algorithm for constrained devices. A secure communication among constrained devices is a critical issue during the data transmission from the client to the server devices. Lightweight cipher algorithms are defined as a secure solution for constrained devices that require low computational functions and small memory. In contrast, most lightweight algorithms suffer from the trade-off between complexity and speed in order to produce robust cipher algorithm. The PRESENT cipher has been successfully experimented on as a lightweight cryptography algorithm, which transcends other ciphers in terms of its computational processing that required low complexity operations. The mathematical model of

Design and synthesis of novel poly heterocycles together using same heterocyclic compound is the main task of the present paper. The target compounds entitled 4,4’-[benzene-1,4-diylbis[ethylidenehydrazine-2-ylidene]bis[4-[3,5-di(5-substitutedpyridin-2-yl)-3,3a-dihydro[1,3]thiazolo[4,5-c][1,2]oxazol-6(5H)-yl]-4H-3-yl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol] have been synthesized starting from the reaction of 1,4-diacetylphenyl and carbohydrazide to give Schiff base derivatives then 1,2,4- triazole derivatives from the reaction with CS₂ and an excess of hydrazine hydrate. The same applies for the condensing of these newly heterocyclic amines with different pyridine-2-carbaldehydes, which resulted in the synthesis of some new Schiff bases, whic

     Polluted water has been considered a critical issue nowadays, threatening the environment and lives of living creatures. Because of technological and industrial advancements, as well as increased social activities of humans in various countries, pollution sources have multiplied. To reduce the impact of this problem, many techniques have been developed in order to reach zero discharge pollution. In the last decade, graphene oxide (GO) - a member of the graphene nanomaterials family, has been the focus of many research efforts in the water treatment sector because of its extraordinary properties. This review highlights the research efforts conducted to investigate GO as a novel adsorbent for water treatment applications and recen

     The nuclear size radii, density distributions and elastic electron scattering charge form factors for Fluorine isotopes (^{17,19,20,24,26}F) were studied using the radial wave functions (WF) of harmonic-oscillator (HO) potential and free mean field described by spherical Hankel functions (SHF) for the core and the valence parts, respectively for all aforementioned isotopes. The parameters for HO potential (size parameter ) and SHF were chosen to regenerate the available experimental size radii. It was found that using spherical Hankel functions in our work improved the calculated results quantities in comparison with empirical data.   

In this paper, the terms of Lascoux and boundary maps for the skew-partition (11,7,5) / (1,1,1) are found by using the Jacobi-Trudi matrix of partition. Further, Lascoux resolution is studied by using a mapping Cone without depending on the characteristic-free resolution of the Weyl module for the same skew-partition.

Contours extraction from two dimensional echocardiographic images has been a challenge in digital image processing. This is essentially due to the heavy noise, poor quality of these images and some artifacts like papillary muscles, intra-cavity structures as chordate, and valves that can interfere with the endocardial border tracking. In this paper, we will present a technique to extract the contours of heart boundaries from a sequence of echocardiographic images, where it started with pre-processing to reduce noise and produce better image quality. By pre-processing the images, the unclear edges are avoided, and we can get an accurate detection of both heart boundary and movement of heart valves.