The extrasolar planets in the vicinity of stars are expected to be bright enough
and are very difficult to be observed by direct detection. The problem is attributed to
the side loops of the star that created due to the telescope diffraction processing.
Several methods have been suggested in the literatures are being capable to detect
exoplanet at a separation angle of 4λ/D and at a contrast ratio of 10-10. These
methods are more than one parameter function and imposing limitations on the inner
working distance. New simple method based on a circular aperture combined with a
third power Gaussian function is suggested. The parameters of this function are then
optimized based on obtaining a minimum inner working dis

One hundred and twelve Common carp fish fingerling Cyprinus carpio L.
were collected, range between 25-28 gm in weight to study the effect of different concentrations of local probiotic and mixed with Vitamin C in concentration 1g/kg feed on growth performance, blood and biochemical picture. This experiment included 7 groups each group contain 16 fish distributed randomly as follow: Control group (C ) fed diet free vitamin C and probiotic during the period of 60 days and all total protin in feed reach 26% . Group 2(T1) group fed diet contain Vit C (1gm /kg) food. Treated (T2andT3) groups fed diet containing probiotic 4.5&5.5 g/ kg respectively , where as groupsT4,T5 and T6 fed the diets containing Probiotic added at level 4.5,5.5

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) also known under local names like (tropical sore, oriental sore and Baghdad sore) is the most common form of leishmaniasis. It is a public health and a social problem in many developing countries. The Old World disease primarily is caused by Leishmania major in dry desert areas and Leishmania tropica in urban areas. Recently, metal oxide nanoparticales have been versatile platforms for biomedical applications and therapeutic interventions. There is an urgent need to develop new types of antileishmanial agents instead of classical drug (pentostam), especially, when its efficacy showed a decline towards some strains of Leishmania. Therefore, the present work was aimed to evaluating antileishmanial activity of z

     The main goal of this study is to evaluate Mishrif Reservoir in Abu Amood oil field, southern Iraq, using the available well logs. The sets of logs were acquired for wells AAm-1, AAm-2, AAm-3, AAm-4, and AAm-5. The evaluation included the identification of the reservoir units and the calculation of their petrophysical properties using the Techlog software. Total porosity was calculated using the neutron-density method and the values were corrected from the volume of shale in order to calculate the effective porosity. Computer processed interpretation (CPI) was accomplished for the five wells. The results show that Mishrif Formation in Abu Amood field consists of three reservoir units with various percentages of h

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of experimental infection by Escherichia coli on some blood parameters and histopathological changes in male rats to reach this objective twenty male rats (Rattus norvigicus) were divided into two groups, housed under same conditions of water, feed, temperature, light and humidity. The first one served as control group, while the second was experimentally infected with Ecoli by administration of 2ml / rat of (1×109) colony forming unit/ml of E-coli. Five days later blood were obtained from animals by cardiac puncture to measure the total and differential white blood cells count hemoglobin concentration packed cells volume red blood cells count, and thrombocytes count. One animal from

Selenium interacts with a number of other common dietary constituents primarily at the pharmacokinetic level (uptake distribution and elimination ). These interactions modulate both the nutritional and toxic properties of selenium ( 1,2,3and4). The serum concentration of selenium in five normal healthy Awassy male lambs aged 4- 6 months and their weight ranged between 16 -26 Kg and kept in a semi closed system in Baghdad area (Iraq) was measured by using flameless atomic absorption (ShematzoJapan) (2) using a selenium standard ( Wunstor for Stabe 40 D -3016 Seeize 1 / Hannover ). Every two weeks and for twenty weeks 5 ml. blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of the lambs in a sterile test tubes without anticoagulant to obta

gainst damage initiated by a variety of endogenous and exogenous compounds. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of Benzo[α]Pyrene (BαP) administration on the liver antioxidant defense system. Chicks were assigned into five equal groups, as control, tricaprylin group and three groups treated with BαP (1.5 μg, 150 μg or 15 mg/kg BW). Five birds were sacrificed at days 7, 14, 21 and 35 from each group. To assess the liver antioxidant defense system, glutathione (GSH) concentration, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were employed. It was found that 15 mg of BαP level create significant increase (P<0.05) in the GSH level, GSH-Px, SOD and CAT activities (18.483, 9.

The current study was conducted for the measurement of normal range and mean value of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) , aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in (125) clinically normal Iraqi racing horses (males and females , Arabian and Crossbred) , aged 2 – 8 years ; < 4 , 4 and > 4 age groups . The results revealed that the range and the mean value ± SEM of these enzymes were as follows ; serum ALT 2 – 28 U/L and 11.07 ± 0.62 U/L, serum AST 30 – 210 U/L and 78.00 ± 3.62 U/L and serum ALP 63 – 204 IU/L and 96.84 ± 2.52 IU/L respectively .However, significant difference (P < 0.05) in serum ALT was recorded between Arabian and Crossbred , while serum AST values showed a significant diff

In this study were choice some medical plants ( Matricaria chamomilla , Nigella sativa and Allium sativum ) and inhibitory their effect on Streptococcus pyogenes was tested ,which cause for many diseases especially respiratory disease andBecause of their availability and low cost of obtaining them ,study aimed to study the effect of extracts of these plants in growth of these bacteria isolated from aperson infected with tonsillitis. There was variation in bio effects of extracts among the species tested. The study show the presence effects of medical plants on growth of Streptococcus pyogenes is equal to the effect of both Matricaria chamomilla and Allium sativum and reached a concentration of 100 Mcg/ Dis , and the less effect with Nige

The effect of various concentration of Rosmarinus officinalis on the total count of bacteria in minced meat stored at temperature between 4 – 6oC for periods up to 14 days is examined. The results showed that the oily extract at the concentration of 20 – 100 mg/ml and the watery extract of the concentration of 120 – 200 mg/gm have a significant effect (P<0.05) in comparison with blank treatment No significant variation ware found at (P<0.05) in the treatment with the watery and oily extracts

The study was implemented to identify some the biological characteristics of 2428 hydatid cysts in 353 naturally infected animals out of 2781 slaughtered sheep in al-Shuula~area in Baghdad. The results revealed that 1669 cysts in 211 infected females and 759 cysts were presence 142infected males. The diameter of hydatid cysts varies from 0.1-16.4 cm . The surrounding cysts were larger than the cysts in the center of the infected organ with multiple cysts. The cysts were unilocular rounded. and mostly found in infected livers. They were few cysts with free fertile or sterile daughter cysts. The hydatid liquid was clear for most hydatid cysts. and its volume was ranged between (0.2-930) ml. The protoscolises were found white in color and t

The aim of study to investigate of Cryptosporidium parum Parasite 200 faecal samples were collected from cattle in different age from abattoir and hospital of veterinary and infants in children and maternity of Al–Diwania Governorate and examined by Modified acid fast staining .The prevalence and intensity of cryptosporidiosis was found more in adult calves ( 44% ) in diarrheic group and 12% in non diarrheic group and the percentage was different from the other age group. While in Infant 17.5% were positive from diarrheic group and 8.3% in nondiarrheic group in 2-4 years old and the percentage was different from the other age group according the site of live in rural and urban community . This study was conclude that the age and presen

In this paper, an eco-epidemiolo-gical model consisting of prey-predator model
with SIS disease is proposed and analyzed. The existence and the stability analysis
of all possible equilibrium points are carried out. The persistent conditions of the
proposed system are established. The global dynamics of the system is studied
numerically.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective role of Salvia officinal's silver nanoparticles as antioxidant on nephrotic damage induced by methotrexate in adult rats. Green silver nanoparticles were synthesized using alcoholic extract of salvia officinal's leaves, and were characterized by UV-spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscope. The mixing of the plant extract of Salvia. officinal's with silver nitrate solution (1mM), lead to changing of the reaction mixture color to yellowish within one hour and to dark brown after 8 hours, indicating the generation of Salvia officinal's silver nanoparticles , due to the reduction of silver metal ions silver (Ag+) into Nano silver particles  via the active compounds

                                                             Summary
   This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation  of a mixture of  propolis and phytogenic (Digestarom)on immune responses against Newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease , also Heterophil/lymphocyte ratios in vaccinated broiler under thermoneutral (maintained on usual heat program)and heat stress maintained in

This study was performed to evaluate the improvement in serum lipid profile and inflammatory parameters in female diabetic rabbits after two-month treatment with glimepride, bromocriptine, and fluoxtein in order to decrease the cardiovascular disease risk related to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Twenty-five local female rabbits were divided equally into five groups; four groups were diabetes type 2 induced by alloxan 120 mg/kg and nicotinamide 50 mg/kg, and the fifth group was control negative (Cv-). The animals were allocated to different treatment regimens, dosed orally on a daily basis for two months, as follows: T1 (glimepride 0.11 mg/kg),T2 (glimepride 0.11+bromocriptine 0.04 mg/kg),T3 (glimepride 0.11+fluoxtein 0.29 mg/kg), control pos

     This study was designated to evaluate the protective role of alpha lipoic acid against oxidative stress resulted by hydrogen peroxide on some oxidants/ antioxidants  parameters and gene expression of glutathione peroxidase in  adult Wistar rats. Forty  adult male rats were randomly divided into four equal groups (10 rats /group) and were handled daily as follows for  56 days : Control group were intubated distal water and received ordinary tap water ; group T1 were intubated  60mg/kg B.W of alpha lipoic acid and received ordinary tap water ; group T2 were received  hydrogen peroxide in tap water at concentration of 0.5% , while group T3  were intubated  60mg/kg B.W of alpha

120 - 100 بمديات اوزان تراوحت بين Cyprinus carpio أنموذجا من اسماك الكارب الاعتيادي 80 استعمل والصورة الدمية لاسماك Aeromonas hydrophila سم لمعرفة تاثير الاوزون المذاب في بكتريا 12-11اطوال تراوحت سم ) ، قسمت الى 40×40×70 اسماك لكل حوض زجاجي (ابعاد الحوض الواحد 10 التجربة .وزعت الاسماك عشوائيا بواقع ملغم/لتر والرابعة 0.50 ملغم/لتر والثالثة بتركيز 0.25 اربع معاملات اذ استعمل الاوزون المذاب في المعاملة الثانية بتركيز بينما اعتبرت المعاملة ال

  The aim of this study was to estimate the changes in ventral hernia repairing in Iraqi bucks by using two biological matrixes derived from bovine (pericardium and urinary bladder matrix) through histopathological examination. All bucks right lower flank awas prepared surgically, sedation were done by using (2% Xylazine hydrochloride) at a dose of 0.2mg/kg intramuscular, and surgical site anesthetized through an inverted (L) shape local infiltration technique using lidocaine hydrochloride (2%) at a dose of 8mg/kg. Ventral abdominal hernias were induced in (24) bucks through elliptical resection of abdominal muscles to made hernia ring (6-8cm) with avoiding peritoneum perforation. After 30 days of operation bucks were divided i

The object of this study was to evaluate coating table eggs with different medicinal oils and their effects on shelf life properties of fresh eggs. After storage for 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks at room temperature (experiment 1) and refrigerator temperature (experiment 2) . Fresh table eggs were collected from a flock of Isa brown laying hens, the eggs were distributed into four groups as follow :-1-Control group 2-Corn oil group 3-Dill oil group 4-Black seed oil group, the eggs were coated by immersioned in oil at 56.7 C for16 min (Oil thermostabilization) . The results revealed that coating table eggs with oils in general and specially medicinal oils reduced the mean decrease in egg weight , egg weight loss , PH , free fatty acids , total bact

The objective of the current study was to estimate whether fetal age could be accurately estimated using trans-rectal and trans-abdominal ultrasonographic measurements for placentomes diameter and Bi-parietal diameter. This experiment was carried out in the College of Veterinary Medicine in Diyala University. Twelve Multiparous cows (4-7 years old) were inseminated artificially and Serial transrectal and trans-abdominal ultrasonic examinations were done during the 7 – 13 week and during 10 -26th week of gestation, respectively. Using 5-7.5 MHz linear array transducer and also 3.5-5MHz convex transducer. Possible discrimination of placentomes and Bi-parietal diameter for the first time at the fifth and ninth week of gestation, respectiv

     The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of use xylazine hydrochloride 5mg/kg BW as premedication and a mixture of midazolam and ketamine 3mg/kg BW, 40 mg/kg BW respectively. The effects of combination was estimated before injection drug as control and each15 min until 90min, on the induction of anesthesia, degree of analgesia, respiratory rate, body temperature and type of  recovery. Ten local breed rabbits were used in this study; all animals were done surgical operation (splitting Achilles tenotomy) to evaluated surgical anaesthesia. The result of this combination is reflected good induction of anaesthesia and good analgesia to animals and smooth recovery with miner complication.

This research was designed to study the effect of  tow levels of  Zingiber officinale on Body weight , Hb , PCV ,WBCs account  , Lymphocytes , Neutrophiles accounts GOT and ALP liver enzymes  in Awassi ewe’s blood  , Nine Awassi ewes aged 1.5 years were divided into 3 equal groups as followed : Group A was treated  by 10 gm Zingiber officinale  / animal /daily (2.5%) of diet While group B  were treated with 20 gm Zingiber officinale  / animal daily  (5%) of diet  and group  C  considered as Control group without given Zingiber officinale  with diet ,the results showed that signific

This trail was suggested to evaluate the amount of inherited haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies for Newcastle Disease (ND) from hens to their own progeny via yolk, blood samples were collected from broiler breeders at 51st week of age aiming the collection their sera, these hens were previously vaccinated with ND-killed vaccine at the age 5 and 120 days respectively via subcutaneous route; and ND-alive vaccine at 1and 18 days then monthly intervals by aerosol, random samples of eggs were collected from panels or hatchery machines either after 24h., to detect amount and location of HI antibodies through them, day old chicks were submitted to the same protocol of blood collection as well as mothers. The results showed that the co

Back ground: Toxoplasmosis is an important zoonosis that causes economic losses in animal herds due to abortion and stillbirth as well as changes in the reproductive and neural system of susceptible animals . Objective: The aims of the present study is to determination the prevalence of T. gondii in farm animals ( sheep& goat)of both genders and different ages in Sulaimani province by using two serological tests (ELISA and LAT). Methods: Blood samples were collected from farm animals ,142 sheep and 46 goats , of different sexes and ages. Tow different serological tests ,ELISA and LAT for qualitative determination of T. gondii antibody titer in sheep and goats serum samples. Results: The prevalence rate in sheep was 73 (51.7 %) and 82

The purpose of the study was to determine the efficacy and safety of
intratesticular injection of ethanol or formalin as a novel method for
chemosterilization of rabbits. Twenty rabbits, aged (6-8 months) and weighed
(1.3-1.5) kg were used. They were randomly divided into two equal groups. In
the first group, absolute ethanol and in the second group, formalin1% at a dose
of 1ml/testis for each agent were injected under the effect of xylazine, by
insertion of the needle from the caudo-ventral aspect of the testis then pushed in
the center of the testis toward the cranio-dorsal pole of the testis. Orchidectomy
was done at first and second months postinjection, samples from the testes and
epididymis were taken for

During the period from November 2007 till October 2008, a total of 255 specimens of the cyprinid fish, from freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758, were collected from fish markets east of Baghdad city. Microscopic examination of these fishes revealed that they were infected with two species of the crustaceans ]Argulus foliaceus (0.8%) and Ergasilus sieboldi (20%)[.The present study included the following: The clinical signs which were caused by the crustaceans, which included redness and an opacity of the skin, increase of mucus secretion and rapid movements of the operculum. The percentage incidence of the infection with these parasites were also found to be related to different length groups of the host, the larger fishes were

In order to study the pathogenesis of the Pasteurella multocida in its natural rout of infection, this study was done to investigate and compare its pathogenesis after intranasal and intraocular infection.Thirty (30) rabbits were divided into three groups, the 1st group (n=12) infected with 240 CFU of Pasteurella multocida intra-nasal, the 2nd (n=12) infected with 240 CFU of P. multocida intra-ocular (eye drop), and the 3rd group (n=6) served as control negative. The animals were sacrificed if they did not die naturally at 24-48hr, 3, 6, 9, 30 day post-infection (p.i.). The results showed dullness of the animals with nasal and ocular discharge and some animals dead at 48hr and 72 hr p.i. (two animals from the 1st group and four animals f

Branchiomycosis is a fungal disease that infects fish gills. It was
identified by isolation and histopathological changes of examined gills in
common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio) which, were obtained from fish farm in
Duhok Governorate, Iraq. The infected fish were suffering from respiratory
disorders; gulping air at the water surface, rapid movement of operculum and
massive mortality, which resulted in the loss of 95% of fish pond. The gills
appear marbled appearance with necrotic areas on the localized damage gills.
The causal pathogen was identified as Branchiomyces sanguinis, in which the
diameter of spores and non-septated hyphae are 5-7 μm and 12 – 20 μm,
respectively. In histopathological preparation,

The current study conducted in the Duhok province villages, Kurdistan region of Iraq during the period between September-December 2008, fulfilled by using Rosebengal and ELISA tests cattle of different sex and age were used comparing between these two tests and to determine the prevalence rate by both tests. A total number of 360 serum samples were collected (294 females, 66 males). The infected rate by RBT was 6.38% and by ELISA were 0.83%. According to the different animal ages and sex group showed that the infection rates were 5.4% and 12.1% in females and males, respectively. Cattle in age group 1-3 years and more than 4 years were showed that an infection rates were 3.8% and 11.8% respectively.