Abstract: In recent times, global attention has increasingly focused on the critical issue of environmental sustainability, owing to escalating environmental degradation exacerbated by the utilization of green spaces and technological innovation. This phenomenon necessitates thorough examination, prompting the present study to scrutinize the impact of various factors, namely green spaces, technological innovation, environmental taxes, renewable energy consumption (REC), inflation, and economic growth (EG), on environmental sustainability within the context of Iraq. Secondary data extracted from the World Development Indicators (WDI) spanning the period from 1991 to 2022 served as the foundation for this investigation. Methodologically, the

In Libya, there are multiple sources of pollution, one of which is animal waste. The anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic wastes to produce biogas has the advantage of producing valuable, renewable energy while reducing the environmental impact of these wastes. Cowmanure have the potential to produce biogas due to their high organic content. This study aimed to study different concentrations for the feedstock (1:1 and 2:1 cow manure: water v/v) to monitor which one gives higher biogas production. A plastic tank with a capacity of 72 liters and a feedstock volume of 60 liters was used to create a pilot scale. The biogas was analyzed using a GC device at the end of the experiment in the Zawiya Oil Refining Company. The result indicated that th

This study aimed to determine antibiotic resistance profiles and the distribution of Integron I, Integron II, and genes among uropathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients suffering from urinary tract infection. The results revealed that one hundred and thirty-seven (91%) out of 150 clinical specimens were Klebsiella pneumoniae. The isolates (137 isolates) were given a higher percentage of resistance against Piperacillin (94.89%)and Rifampicin (93.43%) and the lowest resistance was with Meropenem (40.87%). According to PCR amplification

This study was aimed to purify, characteristic, and fibrinolytic activity of staphylokinase (SAK), is an enzyme activates plasminogen to form plasmin, which digest fibrin clots that cause thrombosis clot. Staphylokinase was purified from local isolate Staphylococcus aureus GH38 by ammonium sulfate precipitation at 70% saturation followed by ion exchange chromatography (CM-Cellulose) with a purification fold 2.73, and 1.53, and recovery 72.1, and 33.11% in wash and elution steps respectively. The partially purified enzyme was high activity at 40°C with pH 7 and the enzyme retained 100% of its activity at 35°C with pH 7. The activity of an enzyme increas

تم تغذية أربعة و عشرين معزة في الأسبوع الأول بعد الولادة على عليقة السيطرة لمدة أسبوعين و بعد ذلك قسمت بصورة عشوائية الى أربع مجاميع (ستة معزة لكل مجموعة)لتتغذى على أحدى العلائق التجربية (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% بلوط) لدراسة تأثيرتغذية مستويات مختلفة من البلوط على  كمية و تركيب الحليب و بعض الصفات الكيموحيوية للدم في المعزات الحلوبة. أظهرت النتائج بوجود زيادة معنوية في الأنتاج اليومي للحليب و الأنتاج اليومي للاكتوز

Information on the degree of water erosion is of imperative importance to professionals who are engaged in reducing soil losses via implementing soil conservation measures. Soil Conservation requires the knowledge of the factors controlling soil loss. Rainfall erosivity is one of the major controlling factors inducing water erosion. To achieve this objective, several univariate models were developed to estimate the rainfall erosivity in the upper part of Iraq. The database for models development was based on rainfall data of different time scales obtained from 25 stations distributed across the study region. The explanatory variables encompassed annual rainfall (P), Fournier index (FI), modified Fournier index (MFI) and precipita

The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during 2017 and 2018 growing seasons to evaluate the impact of the shading and various nutrition programs on mitigating heat stress, reducing the use of chemical minerals, improving the reproductive growth and yield of tomato plant. Split-plot within Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted in this study. Shading factor was allocated in the main plots and the nutrition programs distributed randomly in the subplots. Results indicate that shading resulted in the decrease of daytime temperature by 5.7˚C as an average for both seasons; thus a significant increasing was found in leaf contents of macro nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorous, a

This Experiment was carried out in the plastic houses , College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences , University of Baghdad during the spring season 2018. Six inbred lines of bitter gourd were crossed full diallel crosses and planted during season 2018-2019 (six inbred lines +15 diallel hybrid + 15 Reciprocal hybrid + control hybrid). These genotypes were studied under the influence of amino acid spraying. This experiment was carried out using the split-plot design included two factors: The first factor represents amino acid spraying with control treatment and spraying phenylalanine amino acid a

Soil erosion by water is an extensive and increasing problem worldwide. Albeit, this problem has been recognized as a significant hazard in Iraq, yet the number of studies on this topic is very limited. Most of the models used for estimating soil erosion contain parameters for slope length factor (LS). A major constraint is the difficulty in extracting the LS factor. Accordingly, the current study was initiated with the main objective of deriving models to predict the slope length from relatively easy to measure basin characteristics with a reasonable accuracy. To achieve the above objective, standard methodologies were employed to describe 30 main basins with the upper part of Iraq in terms linear, areal and relief morphome

This study was aimed to investigated the relationship between the daily average of meteorological parameters (MP), and the daily average (DA) of air pollutant concentrations (PC) (including particulate matter (PM)). In this study, the DA of air PC, such as carbon monoxide (CO) and sulphur dioxide (SO₂), was measured during heavy traffic in the summer season for five different locations throughout 2017, and comparison made with results similarly obtained in 2012. The particulate matter sample has been collected for the same period. The daily average meteorological parameters (MP) such as temperature (T), atmospheric pressure (AP), wind direction (WD), wind speed (WS) and relative humidity (RH) were meas

This research was conducted during the season of 2014 - 2015 inside unheated green house to investigate the effect of sprays number and different concentrations of micronite 35 (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 cm³ .l^-1) and their interaction on growth and yield of Pepper var. California Wonder with using (RCBD) with three replicates. Results showed that the sprays number and the concentrations of micronite 35 and their interaction had a significant effect on all the characteristics that studied. The interaction of three sprays with 3 cm³ .l^-1 of micronite 35 gave the highest average of plant height (103.12cm

An experiment was carried out in one of the private field in AL-Radwaniah westeren south of Baghdad to study the effect of irrigation intervals, irrigation after 6, 8 and 10 days (D₁, D₂ and D₃) and irrigation of salicylic acid concentration (0, 50, 100, and 150 mg/l) (S₀,  S₁,  S₂ and S₃) on some vegetative growth and yield parameters. Potato tuber were planted on 1 Feb 2015 using application  N, P, K in the rate 120: 60: 200 kg/ ha. Plants were irrigated after 6,8 and 10 days and spraying of salicylic acid three time, First in vegetative growth stage and in stolon intiation stage and in tuber intiation stage. Factorial experiment in Nist

This study was conducted during 1/7/2016 to 20/12/2018, which aimed to determine chemical and mineralogical properties of oak forest and bare cultivated soils at 6 locations  in Iraqi Kurdistan region, the samples were collected from two depths (0 – 30) and (30 – 60) cm. The study included some chemical and physical properties and identification of clay minerals from X-ray diffraction data. Peak height is used as a rough indicator of relative abundance of minerals. In general, the expansion of 14°A to ≈ 17°A in ethylene glycol treatment was not detected because measuring started from 5θ so that’s why we cannot differentiated between Chlorite and Semectite in that treatment. The main results indicated that the orga

Predicting peterophysical parameters and doing accurate geological modeling which are an active research area in petroleum industry cannot be done accurately unless the reservoir formations are classified into sub-groups. Also, getting core samples from all wells and characterize them by geologists are very expensive way; therefore, we used the Electro-Facies characterization which is a simple and cost-effective approach to classify one of Iraqi heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs using commonly available well logs.

The main goal of this work is to identify the optimum E-Facies units based on principal components analysis (PCA) and model based cluster analysis(MC

This research mainly aims to analyze local development strategy in Baghdad Governance, build the Strategic Model based on the study area's spatial interaction, and achieve the Trinity of Excellence based on the global model of excellence.

           This research applied SWOT strategic analysis for the strengths and weaknesses of the internal environment and opportunities and threats of the external environment for the provincial council. In conclusion, the research specifies appropriate alternatives and choosing the best in line with the reality of the Baghdad Provincial Council. Also, the strategic goals in the national plan and the spatial interaction of the development goals,

The aim of this research was to study the effect of feeding of goat kids on Panicum Mombasa grass on productive traits, carcass characteristics and meat production. 25 of local cross breed male goat kids; average weight 18.3 kg were divided randomly to five treatments, the first one T1 was fed with wheat straw, T2 green alfalfa, T3 green Panicum Mombasa, T4 alfalfa hay and T5 Panicum Mombasa hay. Animals reared in single cages for two weeks as a preliminary period, the experiment period lasted for 70 days. Concentrate diet provided with 3% of body weight, roughage feeds provided freely. At the end of the experiment, three anima

Dietary replacement of soybean meal by toasted sunflower meal in Clarias gariepinus diet was investigated in a 56-day feeding trial using growth, body composition, digestibility, haematology and liver histology as indices of assessment. Sunflower seed meal was toasted at 204⁰C for 5, 10 and 15 minutes. Control diet consist of soybean meal which was replaced by differently toasted sunflower seed meal at a rate 15, 30 and 45% to produce nine 40% crude protein, 18kj/kg test diets. Triplicate groups of fish in 70-litre capacity aerated rectangular plastic tanks were assigned to each dietary treatment at a stocking rate of 15 fingerlings (4.97±0.42g average weight) per tank in a completely randomized design. Fish

This study was designed to determine ZmHKT1;5 gene expression  in relatively salt tolerant using four maize genotypes (Alfajr and Almaha  and medium-tolerant ones T1 and T6) within cellular level.  Three salinity levels (2, 8, and 16 ds / m .  Were used immature seeds were surface sterilized and embryos were dissected under full sterilization conditions. Callus was initiated from immature embryos of the above four genotypes on Skoog and Murashige (MS) medium supplemented with the required growth regulators (3 mg/L 2,4-D +0.5 mg/L kinetin) and recultured for three times and transferred to the stress medium containing NaCl.

The objective of this study was to evaluate a natural bio-insecticide manufacturing from Eucalyptus sp. volatile oil. The use of Eucalyptus sp. against the Backswimmer insect Anisops sardea Herrich-Schaeffer, 1849 predatory of larvae of common carp fish, Cyprinus carpio L., in artificial closed ponds in Babylon province represented a new idea in Iraq. The volatile oil of the Eucalyptus sp. was extracted by hot water method using the Clevenger, three concentrations of 250000, 450000 and 650000 ppm with benzyl benzoate a

This study was aimed to extract the effective material from the dry nests of termites and detect its antibacterial activity against some pathogenic bacterial isolates and inhibit synthesis of its biofilm. Termites dry nests were collected and the effective material was extracted then the antibacterial activity was detected using the disc diffusion assay. Results were showed that the extract have antibacterial material from the Termites dry nests, this extract showed antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) at (21.5mm) and Gram negative bacteria ( Enterobacter sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) at (26 mm and 20 mm) respectively by inhibiting their growth, as well as its

This study  was performed to detect assess Vaspin rs2236242  and Chemerin rs17173608 gene  polymorphisms with its association with  susceptibility of  obese PCOS  in  Iraqi women .Blood samples from 100 women with  obese PCOS and 75 healthy control women matched in age and BMI were collected from AL-Yarmouk Teaching hospital during February2018-July 2018 were enrolled in case control study. Tetra amplification refractory mutation system‐polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) was performed to detect the  adipokine SNPs in patients and healthy women  under study. Results demonstrated a significant variations in either genotype distribution and all

احتوى البحث خمسة ابواب فقد اوضح الباب الاول اهمية البحث ومشكلته التي تركزت على تفاوت في مستويات بعض القدرات البدنية والوظيفية وقلة عدد اللاعبات في العراق، مما ادى الى زج اللاعبة في اكثر من لعبة واحدة، وهذا بدوره ادى الى تفاوت القدرات قيد الدراسة للاعبات، وهدفت الدراسة الى التعرف على مستوى بعض القدرات البدنية والوظيفية للاعبات في اندية الدرجة الاولى. واستخدمت الباحثتان المنهج الوصفي باسلوبه المسحي، وكانت

Das Verhaltnis des assimilierten arabischen VIII Stammes zum akkadischen

Aim: The Aim of the study is to compare between Er,Cr:YSGG 2780 nm laser and carbide fissure bur in root-end resection regarding the morphological variations, temperature changes and the duration of resection process.

Settings and Design: 5 W, 25 Hz, 50% water, 80% air,25.47 J/cm2 .

Material and method: twenty-one extracted single rooted teeth endodontically were treated, twenty teeth were obturated and divided into two groups according to method of resection. Group 1 root-end resected using cross cut carbide bur while group 2 root-end resected using laser with MGG6 sapphire tip of 600 μm diameter. Temperature on external root surface and duration of resection were recor

Background: One of the significant public health problems is the traumatic dental injury to the anterior teeth, it has a great impact on children’s daily. Physical and psychological disturbance, pain and other negative impacts, such as tendency to avoid laughing or smiling may be associated with traumatic dental injuries, that may affect the social relationships. To determine the occurrence of traumatic dental injuries in relation to quality of life, this study was established among children of primary schools. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among private (574) and governmental (1026) primary school children in Baghdad city. Dental trauma was assessed according to Ellis and Davey classification in1970

Chapter One – introduction

Nations managed today to achieve progress in the field of modern technology. Science has changed many beliefs and trendiness that people have held for long time, skills and scientific thinking developed, and made scientific observation  and experiment replace narration and taking from others. That is attributed to examining  the educational systems searching for the locations of defect, and shortage.

In the light of educational modernizations, many models of teaching incliuding a model for social tracing attributed to Herbart Thelen, which is a model to develop skills of social participation in the democratic process (Al-Khawalda,1993,335).