The aim of this study is to compare the effects of three methods: problem-based learning (PBL), PBL with lecture method, and conventional teaching on self-directed learning skills among physics undergraduates. The actual sample size comprises of 122 students, who were selected randomly from the Physics Department, College of Education in Iraq. In this study, the pre- and post-test were done and the instruments were administered to the students for data collection. The data was analyzed and statistical results rejected null hypothesis of this study. This study revealed that there are no signifigant differences between PBL and PBL with lecture method, thus the PBL without or with lecture method enhances the self-directed learning skills bette

Necessary and sufficient conditions for the operator equation I AXAX n*, to have a real positive definite solution X are given. Based on these conditions, some properties of the operator A as well as relation between the solutions X andAare given.

The free zone or the free economy cities are cities with classification and functional specificity, although the history of  the concept of these areas has been It dates back to distant eras, but the intellectual and philosophical construction with the support of intellectual approaches, the most important of which is globalization contributed to its rapid spread globally and taking a variety of forms and models. With the diversity of its formulas and objectives countries have competed in adopting the establishment of these areas, meanwhile The influence of related trends affected the contemporary formation of these sites. Therefore ,the research was directed focus on the importance of adopting a set of common indicators (collection

     A broiler poultry farm of six weeks old, vaccinated with LaSota Newcastle disease virus vaccine. The flock was infected with a virulent Newcastle disease virus with mortality rate up to 90%. Newcastle disease virus was isolated from infected birds in embryonated chicken eggs and identified by haemagglutination inhibition test using hyperimmune serum prepared against LaSota viral vaccine. Median Death Time, Intracerebral Pathogenicity Index and Intravenous Pathogenicity Index proved that the virus was a virulent viscerotropic isolate. In experimental infection, broilers were vaccinated twice with LaSota strain, the level of anti-Newcastle disease virus IgG was checked by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test pre

مارس العراقيون ومنهم سكان مدينة بغداد أنواعاً متعددة من الألعاب الرياضية الفردية منها السباحة ، الفروسية ، الساس ، الطابك ، والمصارعة بطريقتها القديمة ـ الزورخانة ـ وما تحملهُ من عادات وتقاليد وطقوس شبه دينية إضافة لما في حركتها من معاني القوة والبطولة ونجد أنَّ الذين يقبلون على مزاولتها عند انتشار بيوتاتها في بغداد فيما بعد هم من علية القوم ووجهاء مدينة بغداد ومن الذين كانوا يتمتعون بالاخلاق الدينية الفا

تتنوع الإمراض التي تدعى بإمراض العصر وتتعقد باستمرار والتوازي مع تقدم البشرية في مجالات التطور العلمي والاجتماعي ومختلف مجالات الحياة الأخرى .

فبالإضافة  إلى الإمراض الفيروسية والعضوية والنفسية هناك مرض تعاطي وإدمان المخدرات (الهاشمي ,  2002  ، ص1).

لم يعد خافيا على احد إن خطر الإدمان على الكحول والمخدرات والمؤثرات العقلية أصبح اليوم يهدد امن وسلامة العديد من دول العالم

Background: Skull secondary tumors are malignant bone tumors which are increasing in incidence.Objective: The objectives of this study were to present clinical features , asses the outcome of patients with secondary skull tumors ,characterize the MRI features, locations, and extent of secondary skull tumors to determine the frequency of the symptomatic disease.Type of the study: This is a prospective study.Methods: This is a prospective study from February 2000 to February 2008. The patients were selected from five neurosurgical centers and one oncology hospital in Baghdad/Iraq. The inclusion criteria were MRI study of the head(either as an initial radiological study or following head CT scan when secondary brain tumor is suspected , vis

يحظى موضوع الاستثمار الاجنبي باهتمام دول العالم وخصوصاً النامية منها، وتزايد الاهتمام في الآونة الاخيرة بموضوع الاستثمار في العراق  باعتباره من الدول المتطلعة لجذب الاستثمارات الاجنبية ، ولاسيما في قطاع الموارد الطبيعية والتشييد ، بعد ان تغيرت نسبياً نظرة عدم الاطمئنان تجاه المستثمر الاجنبي سواء من قبل الدولة او المواطن .

فعلى الرغم من وجود نية للاتفاق بين حكومة الدولة  والمستثمرين نحو تحديد ال

اخلاقيات ستراتيجية الاعمال[1]

[1] ترجمة بتصرف شديد مع بعض الاضافات المهمة للورقة البحثية المعدة من قبل:

Fred Hsnsen And Michele Smith, The Ethics Of Business Strategy, Handbook Of Business Strategy, 2006, PP. 201-206.

- ملاحظة: الرجاء عند الاقتباس لأغراض الامانة العلمية، يشار الى صاحب الترجمة بحكم تداخلاته في المفاهيم التي قد لا تعكس رأي صاحب المقالة الاصلي

يعاني الأطفال في الوقت الحاضر مأساة القتل والتعذيب لم يشهد التاريخ الإنساني مثيلا لها منذ مئات السنين. فلا يزال الملايين من الأطفال يتعرضون للقتل والتعذيب من جراء الحروب الأهلية والدّوليّة وبشكل خاص في الوطن العربيّ كالعراق وسوريا وليبيا واليمن وغيرها من الدّول العربيّة.

وقد تضمن البحث قواعد القانون الدّوليّ لحماية حق الحياة للطفل في المعاهدات الدّوليّة وقرارات المنظّمات الدّوليّة التّي ضمنت هذا ال

The prophet said that it anybody burdened any of the people or the book more than they could endure he would ben his opponent until the day of judgment.

-under the rightly guided caliphs the Christians had much freedom .this is shown by a letter attributed to ishu-yab III. The Nestorian catholics.

-The third caliph,Uthman favoured the Christians either because of the spcial skills or abilities which they possessed or through the imfluence of his Christian wife Na'ila.

-Under the early Umayyade,the christiansins the Isalamic umma had as much freedom as they had previously enjoyed under the best of their Christians governments because they restorted their churches and appointed many Christians to the

لكل شخص مكانة ي المجتمع وقد در شخص مكانته بإرتكابه أفعالا يكشف ا عن . قة والأمانة به ّ سلوك متدن ي الخلق يفقدﻩ إحﺮامه ويضعف الث ، رف ّ نائي ا وصف الإخلال بالش ّ ع الج ّ لذلك ألحق المشر ، جرائما ّ ا كانت هذﻩ الأفعال تعد ّولم رائم ي قانون العقوبات عى سبيل المثال ّ وقد ذكرت هذﻩ الج ا يتطلب دراسة ّ وليس الحصر. مم ، بة عى ذلك ّ تائج المﺮت ّ والن، رائم أل توصف به ّ ة تحديد الج ّ هذا الوصف من حيث إمكاني وقد يرتكا الشخص ،

Background: This research focuses on the characterization studies of 5v-Nucleotidase (5'-NT) of kalaazar patients' sera. 5V NT is one of the enzymes used as indicator of liver function test . In this study the optimum conditions for the activity of 5s - NT enzyme has been demonstrated for kalaazaric patients.
Materials and methods: Thirty five blood samples were obtained from Baghdad Hospitals from untreated infants and children with kala-azar. 5'-NT activity was measured by following the
method of Wood and Williams.
Results: Optimum conditions of serum 5' - NT activity of kala- azaric patients obtained were 50 u L , 30 minutes ,0.8 mM,7.7 and 50'C) as (Volume of serum , incubation time , substrate
co

The objective of this study was investigate the Physiological effect of
different concentrations of cadmium chloride in drinking water on some
biochemical and haematological parameters of male rats. Animals in this
experiment were randomly divided into four equal groups and treated for 15
weeks as follows : Rats in control group were offered ordinary tap water ,
while animal in M1 , M2 , and M3 were received 10 , 20 , 30 ppm Cdcl2 in
drinking water, respectively. The activity of Alanine aminotransferase
(ALP), Aspartate aminotrasferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in
serum were measured. Further mor, hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and
white blood cells count (WBCs) were detected. The result revealed that

This study explored the relationship between self-confidence and the achievement of running the 100-meter freestyle among fourth-year female students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Baghdad, using the descriptive approach. A purposive sample of 20 female students was selected, and data was collected using the self-confidence scale (Allawi, 1998) and the 100-meter freestyle running test. The results showed a strong significant correlation between self-confidence and the 100-meter freestyle running test (r = 0.892, Sig = 0.000). This result supports the hypothesis that self-confidence plays a crucial role in achieving athletic achievement. I concluded that the study supports the importance of s

This research Find semantic relations between the Holy Quran and readings anomalous in particular, does not mention the readings anomalies are all but signed the examples of them where he found a marked contrast between them and what is known in the Holy Quran, and the intervention of research in the words of the commentators and between their views and stated what is unacceptable and what before, nor Luck meaning significantly different in some readings, leading to different Islamic ruling as well, also found that of the readings made clear what is meant by the blessed verse in the Holy Quran and signed to be even if it was abnormal.

يدخل المصطلح في كلِّ مستويات اللغة العربية؛ فلا يمكن دراسة ظواهرها ومظاهرها الدلالية وأصولها بمنعزلٍ عن دراسة المصطلح. وقد أسهم في تنمية اللغة العربية وإثرائها. انتبه مجمع اللغة العربية بالقاهرة إلى دراسة المصطلح منذ بداية ثلاثينيات القرن الماضي؛ بل يعدُّ المصطلح أحد أسباب نشأة المجمع. يساعد على عملية التواصل الاجتماعي بين الباث والمتلقي، إذ اعتنى المجمع بدراسة المصطلح عن طريق وضع آليات خاصة للرصد، والقي

ارتأينا في هذه الدراسة بيان العلاقة بين الفاعلية التواصلية التي أسس لها هيبرماس والخطاب الديني، فضلاً عن تبيين العمل الأساسي للغة ولا سيما أنّ وظيفتها الأساس عند القدماء والمحدثين وظيفية تعبيرية تواصلية، قادرة على التعبير عن الأغراض المختلفة. وبذلك تعدّ اللغة أداة مهمة من أدوات الخطاب الديني بكل مستوياته التعبيرية وأغراضه. الخطاب الديني، إذ كان يبني سياقه الخاص ويرسم موقع وجوده المفرد في فضاء مرجعيات وسن

This study was conducted to determine the nature of the mineral structure and properties of carbonate minerals of the sediments of the Main downstream and their effect on the chemical behavior of nickel and cobalt in five areas of Baghdad Governorate: Abu Ghraib, Al-Radwaniyah, Al-Yusufiyah, Al-Mahmoudiyah, and Al-Latifiyah. The results showed a difference, to the clay minerals of the water stream sediments. The presence of clay minerals such as mica, smectite, true chlorite, and swollen chlorite was observed in varying proportions, and the latter appeared more at the end of the study area. While a decrease in the percentage of kaolinite minerals was observed, a difference was observed in the quantity and properties of carbonate

This study was aimed to investigate effect of phosphorus, silicon, and citric acid on anatomical traits of pepper, This research was conducted at research stations, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Jadiriyah Campus, during 2021-2022 season. The study employed factorial experiment within randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The first factor included three levels of phosphorus (p) ( 0, 160, and 320 kg Ha^-1 P₂O₅), the second factor included three levels of potassium silicate (s) ( 0, 75, and 100 kg Ha^-1), while the third factor included four levels of citric acid (c ) ( 0, 2, 4, and 6 kg Ha^-1). The results revealed th

الأهداف: يهدف هذا البحث إلى التعرّف على الأساليب الاتصالية التي يستخدمها مروّجو المخدرات في مدينة بغداد، وفهم الأسباب والعوامل التي تؤدي إلى تعاطي المخدرات بين فئة الشباب، وتحليل اللغة والطرائق الإقناعية المستخدمة في استمالة الشباب نحو التعاطي، وبيان الآثار النفسية، والاجتماعية، والاقتصادية الناجمة عن هذه الأساليب.
المنهجية: اتّبع البحث المنهج الكيفي الاستكشافي، واعتمد الباحث الم

When talking about Andalusia in the period of time after the handover of the city of Granada

What distinguishes human rights issues is their importance to the international community and their importance to democratic political regimes, because they are the axis of any political regime that seeks to achieve a successful democratic path and a stable state. So, countries that are interested in human rights try to enshrine those rights and freedoms in their constitutions and reinforce their concepts in their laws and legislations. Not to mention its involvement in international conventions and treaties concerned with human rights and freedoms, and this is what the Sultanate of Oman has worked on and confirm in the provisions of its 1996 constitution and its amendments

يطالب الاتحاد الدولي لكرة القدم من الاتحادات الوطنية في شهر ايلول من كل سنة ارسال قائمة بالحكام الدوليين لاعتمادهم للسنة القادمة وهنا تبدأ المشاكل لاختيار الحكام ربما تكون حسب الامزجة والعلاقات ولاحظ الباحث هنالك عدم دقة في اختيار الحكام لذا ارتأى دراسة وتحديد الضوابط الخاصة وفق اسس علمية اكاديمية للترشيح للقائمة الدولية لحكام كرة القدم وقد تم تصميم استمارة خاصة بهم وتحديد الانسب حسب رأى الخبراء والباحث

       Iraq is one of the most important countries in the world that has received its share of terrorist acts by the terrorist organization the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS), which has caused instability, especially during the period of ISIS's control of seven Iraqi provinces (2014-2017). This stage has caused a decline in the levels of human and economic development and its inconsistency with the capabilities and needs of the Iraqi population. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the hypothesis that there is a close relationship between the decline in development in Iraq and the brutal practices of ISIS that it committed during his period of control over many Iraqi cities and regions. This study used several method

The study seeks to examine the level of personal efficacy and its relation to mental alertness among university students. Besides, the statistically significant differences in regard of students' gender, and the correlation between male and female. To do this, the researcher adopted two scales: one to measure the personal efficacy which was made up by (abed al-jabaar, 2010) included (26) items, and the other to measure the mental alertness that designed by (abed Allah, 2012) included (36) items. A total of (120) student were selected randomly from three-different colleges at the Al-Mustansiriyah University for the academic year 2016-2017. The findings revealed there are no significant differences among students in regard of the personal

B aa cc kk gg r oo uu nn dd : Very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates constitute approximately 4–7 percent of all live births and their mortality is very high. O bb j ee cc t i vv ee: to find out if there is a relationship between Very Low Birth Weight Neonates and increased neonatal mortality for age 0 to 7 days. M ee t hh oo dd ss A retrospective study of VLBW neonates admitted to NICU at Ibn Al- Baladi Pediatrics and Maternity hospital over one year (2012)were studied, study period was from April till August 2013. Exclusion criteria were: (1) neonates weighing less than 700 g and with gestational age less than 24 weeks (abortion) (2) death in the delivery room (3) neonates weighing more than 1500 g. (4) Postnatal age more than 7 days.