Background:The most principal mechanisms of cardiomyopathies are;high preload and afterload and low myocardial contractility, imbalance of trace elements may cause myocardial metabolic dysfunction and may have a role in aetiology of cardiomyopathy, particulary in IDC. Trace elements are being increasingly recognized as essential mediators of the development and progression of heart diseases.
Methods: Study design Multi case-control study and single center estimation of trace elements concentrations in a number of volunteer settings this study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Ibn Albitar Hospital, and in the Physiological Chemistry Department of the College of Medicine, Baghdad University, fr

Background:Aluminum (Al) intoxication was initially reported in patients undergoing hemodialysis and then was linked to Alzheimer's disease. Man usually is exposed to Al containing antacids, vaccines or foods cooked in Al utensils. The assumption of ingesting sour juices as acetic acid or ethanol may affect favorably the degree of Al absorption is justified when taken in conjunction with the above mentioned appetizers.
Materials and methods: Four groups of 10 mature male rats each were used. The drinking water (DW) containing 5mM of Al2(SO4)3 with 1% glacial acetic acid and/or 10% ethanol made available ad-libidum. Weekly body weight and each other day drinking water volume were measured. Brain and p

Background: Hormones have very important role in spermatogenesis and production capacity of testis. Disturbances in their vlevels can be very crucial in dysfunction of testis which results in men infertility. This study carried out to evaluate the hormonal disturbances in men infertility and its correlation with semen parameters and types of infertility.
Patients and Methods: Blood and semen samples were collected from 91 infertile men and 20 healthy and fertile control who attended Al-Kadymiah hospital and some private clinics in Baghdad from January to December 2009.Semen and serum samples were analysed for semen parameter and FSH, LH, Testosterone and prolactin levels.
Results: Fifty one (56%) of in

الهدف: تهدف الدراسة إلى تقويم ممارسات  الممرضات تجاه العناية بالطفل الوليد في غرفة الولادة وإيجاد العلاقة بين هذه الممارسات والصفات الديموغرافية للممرضات.

المنهجية: دراسة وصفية نفذت في المستشفيات التعليمية  (مستشفى اليرموك, مستشفى الكرامة, مستشفى الكرخ للولادة) في مدينة بغداد للفترة من 22 ايار 2013 لغاية 30 تموز 2013. تم جمع  عينة البحث بالطريقة التصادفية غ

الخلفيه :الهيليوم نيون ليزر له تاثير في حماية الخلايا من الضررحيث تم دراسة الخلايا اللمفاويه المعرضه للاشعهالفوق البنفسجيه التي تحدث ضرر بالحامض النووي تحقق ذلك من خلال استخدام الترحيل الكهربائي وفحص حيوية الخلايا. ويعتمد هذا التاثير على فترة الحضن بعد الضررالحاصل . وانمدى ضرر الخلايا يعتمد على شدة الاشعاع وفترة التعرض .

الاهداف:تم دراسة تاثير الاشعه فوق ال

الخلفية: هناك دائما حاجة لقياسات تقيم السمع وتحديد عتبة السمع للمرضى الذي لايتجابون للاختبارات(السمعية) السلوكية.

الهدف: تقيم دقة جهاز فحص استجابة جذع الدماغBrain stem Response( ABR)   Auditory

في تقدير حالة السمع بالمقارنة مع الاختبارات السلوكية وهما فحص الساحة السمعية ((Free Field للصغار بعمر اقل من سنتين وفحص تخطيط السمع  ( Pure Tone Audiogram ) لأكثر من سنتين.&nb

stem cells are cells found in most of not all, multicellular organisns. these cells are characterized by the ability to self-renew through mitotic divisions and to differentiate into diverse range of specialized cell types to form a whole organism.

System is one of the concepts that fused stages of human thought his contemplations , and the evolution of his ideas and know the universe and existence , was formed several systems and numerous multi- humanitarian field , for example : the political system , the economic system , the system of philosophical , scientific system ... etc. .The current research around trying to find the identity of the system aesthetic in general and theater in particular , the detection of compositions and how Cklath within shifts functional and conceptual , which confirms the importance of Altgria creative as characterized by the following heading towards experimentation and update ongoing , and in particular what we find in the discourse of postmodernism

خلفية: هرمون النمو له تأثيرات متعددة على شكل ووظيفة  الجسم النامي ، وبصرف النظر عن هذه الوظائف كتحفيز النمو، فان له تاثيرات مميزة  على عملية التمثيل الغذائي والطاقة، ويؤثر  على الخلايا الدهنية لتقليل كمية الدهون المخزونة ، ويعزز تخليق البروتين في الخلايا ويلعب دورا في تنظيم مستويات السكر في الدم.

هدف هذه الدراسة تحري اثر التعويض العلاجي بهرمون النمو ع

خلفية البحث: يعد الناظور البطني التشخيصي الاجراء الأساسي النهائي الذي يجرى لمرضى العقم قبل الشروع بالعلاج,لكن وجد ان الناظور البطني يزيد من خطر الإصابة بألتهابات الحوض والتي تعد من أسباب الإصابة بالعقم لدى النساء والرجال.

الغرض من الدراسة:التقييم الأحيائي المجهري للنساء المخطط لهن أجراء عملية الناظور التشخيصي كجزء من الفحوصات التي يتم أجرائها لتشخيص العقم.

Rupture of the trachea or main bronchus can occurs during severe chest trauma and this event has been reported since more than a century. This is a report of a 19 year old male patient sustained car accident leading to loss of consciousness due to multiple trauma ,involving specially the head and the chest that he needs assisted ventilation in an intensive care unit and later a tracheostomy .The patient regain his consciousness gradually , and a late diagnosis of traumatic rupture of the left main bronchus , which was approved by bonchoscopy and CT chest .Surgical repair of the ruptured left main bronchus was accomplished sixty days from the admission with the lung fully expanded on a post operative che

خلفية: التسرطن القولون والمستقيم الإنسان هي عملية معقدة، عملية متعددة الخطوات وmultigenetic. مصفوفة الفلزي-2 و 2-انزيمات الأكسدة الحلقية هي انزيم رئيسي في تدهور المواد خارج الخلية، وأعرب أكثر من ظهائر في عدة مثل غدية القولون والمستقيم.

الأهداف: تم تصميم هذه الدراسة للكشف عن التعبير عن مصفوفة الفلزي-2 و 2-انزيمات الأكسدة الحلقية في المرضى الذين يعانون من سرطان القولون والمستقيم والعلاق

Background:The diabetogenic agent alloxan is a selective necrosis of insulin producing cells .Alloxan accumulated rapidly in liver and pancreatic islets , this study was carried out to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of cinnamon oil on the destructive effect of alloxan in liver and intestine diabetic tissues .
Materials and methods:Thirty male rats were used and divided into threegroups: Group I =10 animal controls, Group II =10 treated with alloxan, Group III = 10 treated with alloxan + cinnamon oil . 
Results:Liver and intestine tissues of diabetic groups revealed necrotic, degeneration of cells (histologically ) , increase in blood serum enzymes for acid and alkaline phosphatase , total protein&nbs

Background: Acrylic resin dentures are susceptible to fracture; it is unresolved problem in prosthodontics. The repair procedure should be simple, strong, and accurate. This study evaluated the transverse and impact strength of autopolymerizing acrylic resin, the repair material was modified with kraft lignin as a new enforcement material and compared with the commercially available self cured acrylic resin.
Materials and Methods: The addition of kraft lignin to the acrylic resin were done in percentages of 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%, 1.25%, and 1.5% (wt%). Seventy specimens were made according to the ADA specification No 12 for transverse strength using three point bending test and Impact strength tes

This research reviews the aesthetic variables that were founded according to (theatrical rehearsal) as one of the most important pillars on which the theatrical process is based, because of its necessity in developing theatrical art on several levels that helped the theatrical director in organizing his work, and this became clear through the research chapters represented in the first chapter (methodological framework) and the second chapter, which consisted of the first topic (the duality of watching / rehearsal) and the second topic (the applications of theatrical rehearsal in theatrical experiences), all the way to the third chapter (research procedures), which included the analysis of theatrical rehearsals (sharing on life), and the

خلفية البحث: يعد الاسهال احد اهم الاسباب المؤدية للوفيات عند الاطفال دون سن الخمس سنوات في البلدان النامية. يحدث الاسهال نتيجة لحالات مرضية متعددة، وتعتبر العدوى المايكروبية احد اهم وابرز هذه الحالات. على الرغم من ان الامعاء الغليضة عند الانسان تحتوي على اعداد كبيرة من الاحياء المجهرية والتي تعرف بالفلورا الطبيعية للامعاء والتي تكيفت لتصبح كائنات غير ممرضة، الا ان اغلب انواع البكتري

The art has been turned its subject in the post modern thinking . this turning is aresult to the turning in the role of the art it self. Across its history the art was basing its subject on a universal unite it the phenomenenon which is the most elevated . that the artist try to activate the role of the subject as a axial which compose the plastic art them. Because of the history of art full with subjects which consider in alarg part of it, have relation ship with elite and aesthetics , and from the begening of renaissance the central activity of the art was based on opoint which has concentrated reaction or it going in away belong to the state in that time.so renaissance was in relegous axial and romantisim on a dream axial, classisisim

An experimental infection of 3 dogs with protoscoleces of human origin were carried out Hydatid cyst was surgical removed from 26 years old female. On autopsy all dogs were found not harbor any Echinococcus granulosus worms Infection with the metacestode stage in unusual intermediate hosts failure for procreation which do not play a role in the transmission cycle in Iraq. In conclusions: the reason could be related between the host and chemical composition of hydatid fluid failure of induces infection

The aim of this study is to compare the effects of three methods: problem-based learning (PBL), PBL with lecture method, and conventional teaching on self-directed learning skills among physics undergraduates. The actual sample size comprises of 122 students, who were selected randomly from the Physics Department, College of Education in Iraq. In this study, the pre- and post-test were done and the instruments were administered to the students for data collection. The data was analyzed and statistical results rejected null hypothesis of this study. This study revealed that there are no signifigant differences between PBL and PBL with lecture method, thus the PBL without or with lecture method enhances the self-directed learning skills bette

Necessary and sufficient conditions for the operator equation I AXAX n*, to have a real positive definite solution X are given. Based on these conditions, some properties of the operator A as well as relation between the solutions X andAare given.

The free zone or the free economy cities are cities with classification and functional specificity, although the history of  the concept of these areas has been It dates back to distant eras, but the intellectual and philosophical construction with the support of intellectual approaches, the most important of which is globalization contributed to its rapid spread globally and taking a variety of forms and models. With the diversity of its formulas and objectives countries have competed in adopting the establishment of these areas, meanwhile The influence of related trends affected the contemporary formation of these sites. Therefore ,the research was directed focus on the importance of adopting a set of common indicators (collection

     A broiler poultry farm of six weeks old, vaccinated with LaSota Newcastle disease virus vaccine. The flock was infected with a virulent Newcastle disease virus with mortality rate up to 90%. Newcastle disease virus was isolated from infected birds in embryonated chicken eggs and identified by haemagglutination inhibition test using hyperimmune serum prepared against LaSota viral vaccine. Median Death Time, Intracerebral Pathogenicity Index and Intravenous Pathogenicity Index proved that the virus was a virulent viscerotropic isolate. In experimental infection, broilers were vaccinated twice with LaSota strain, the level of anti-Newcastle disease virus IgG was checked by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test pre

مارس العراقيون ومنهم سكان مدينة بغداد أنواعاً متعددة من الألعاب الرياضية الفردية منها السباحة ، الفروسية ، الساس ، الطابك ، والمصارعة بطريقتها القديمة ـ الزورخانة ـ وما تحملهُ من عادات وتقاليد وطقوس شبه دينية إضافة لما في حركتها من معاني القوة والبطولة ونجد أنَّ الذين يقبلون على مزاولتها عند انتشار بيوتاتها في بغداد فيما بعد هم من علية القوم ووجهاء مدينة بغداد ومن الذين كانوا يتمتعون بالاخلاق الدينية الفا

تتنوع الإمراض التي تدعى بإمراض العصر وتتعقد باستمرار والتوازي مع تقدم البشرية في مجالات التطور العلمي والاجتماعي ومختلف مجالات الحياة الأخرى .

فبالإضافة  إلى الإمراض الفيروسية والعضوية والنفسية هناك مرض تعاطي وإدمان المخدرات (الهاشمي ,  2002  ، ص1).

لم يعد خافيا على احد إن خطر الإدمان على الكحول والمخدرات والمؤثرات العقلية أصبح اليوم يهدد امن وسلامة العديد من دول العالم

Background: Skull secondary tumors are malignant bone tumors which are increasing in incidence.Objective: The objectives of this study were to present clinical features , asses the outcome of patients with secondary skull tumors ,characterize the MRI features, locations, and extent of secondary skull tumors to determine the frequency of the symptomatic disease.Type of the study: This is a prospective study.Methods: This is a prospective study from February 2000 to February 2008. The patients were selected from five neurosurgical centers and one oncology hospital in Baghdad/Iraq. The inclusion criteria were MRI study of the head(either as an initial radiological study or following head CT scan when secondary brain tumor is suspected , vis

يحظى موضوع الاستثمار الاجنبي باهتمام دول العالم وخصوصاً النامية منها، وتزايد الاهتمام في الآونة الاخيرة بموضوع الاستثمار في العراق  باعتباره من الدول المتطلعة لجذب الاستثمارات الاجنبية ، ولاسيما في قطاع الموارد الطبيعية والتشييد ، بعد ان تغيرت نسبياً نظرة عدم الاطمئنان تجاه المستثمر الاجنبي سواء من قبل الدولة او المواطن .

فعلى الرغم من وجود نية للاتفاق بين حكومة الدولة  والمستثمرين نحو تحديد ال

اخلاقيات ستراتيجية الاعمال[1]

[1] ترجمة بتصرف شديد مع بعض الاضافات المهمة للورقة البحثية المعدة من قبل:

Fred Hsnsen And Michele Smith, The Ethics Of Business Strategy, Handbook Of Business Strategy, 2006, PP. 201-206.

- ملاحظة: الرجاء عند الاقتباس لأغراض الامانة العلمية، يشار الى صاحب الترجمة بحكم تداخلاته في المفاهيم التي قد لا تعكس رأي صاحب المقالة الاصلي

يعاني الأطفال في الوقت الحاضر مأساة القتل والتعذيب لم يشهد التاريخ الإنساني مثيلا لها منذ مئات السنين. فلا يزال الملايين من الأطفال يتعرضون للقتل والتعذيب من جراء الحروب الأهلية والدّوليّة وبشكل خاص في الوطن العربيّ كالعراق وسوريا وليبيا واليمن وغيرها من الدّول العربيّة.

وقد تضمن البحث قواعد القانون الدّوليّ لحماية حق الحياة للطفل في المعاهدات الدّوليّة وقرارات المنظّمات الدّوليّة التّي ضمنت هذا ال