شهدت منطقة شرق إفريقيا في القرن العاشر الهجري / السادس عشر الميلادي تطورات مهمة على الصعيدين السياســـي والعسكري ، خاصة في علاقة القوى الإسلامية بمملكة الحبشة المسيحية ،ففي الوقت الذي خضعت فيه مملكة الحبشة المسيحية لتهديدات القوى الإسلامية المتزايدة ، خضعت للأطماع البرتغالية التي قد توسعت في المنطقة منذ بداية القرن العاشر الهجري / السادس عشر الميلادي ؛ للهيمنة على مناطق التجارة البحري

    شهدت العلاقات التركية-السورية بين عامي (2003-2010) تحولًا لافتًا ،بعد عقود من الخلافات السياسية والحدودية  بين البلدين، اذ دخل البلدين مرحلة جديدة اتسمت بالانفتاح والحوار والتفاهم  في سياق إقليمي ودولي متأثراً بسياسة حزب العدالة والتنمية الجديدة بعد تبنيها سياسة "صفر مشاكل مع الجيران" وسعي تركيا لتعميق علاقاتها مع البلاد العربية والاسلامية في منظمة المؤتمر الاسلامي ودعمها لسوريا في جم

The aim of this work is to perform an experimental study for the effect of forced vertical vibrations on free convection heat transfer coefficient, from flat plate made of Aluminum with dimension (300 Length*100 Width*3 thickness mm).It's heated under a constant heat flux of (250-1500 W/m2 ) upward. The flat plate was located horizontally or inclined in multiple angles at rang of (0o , 30o , 45o 60o ، 90o ). The experimental study is carried out at a range of frequency (2-16 Hz) ، the amplitude at the range of (1.63-7.16 mm), and the Rayleigh number at the rang (138.991< Ra <487.275).
The results of this study show that, the relation between the heat transfer coefficient and the amplitude of vibration is incrementally for incl

With the development of computer architecture and its technologies in recent years, applications like e-commerce, e-government, e-governance and e-finance are widely used, and they act as active research areas. In addition, in order to increase the quality and quantity of the ordinary everyday transactions, it is desired to migrate from the paper-based environment to a digital-based computerized environment. Such migration increases efficiency, saves time, eliminates paperwork, increases safety and reduces the cost in an organization. Digital signatures are playing an essential role in many electronic and automatic based systems and facilitate this migration. The digital signatures are used to provide many services and s

تعد الأسرة الجليلية واحدة من أهم الأسر التي حكمت مدينة الموصل وإليها تعود أغلب الأبنية الاثارية الموجودة في المدينة وقد استطاعت هذه الأسرة كسب ثقة أهل الموصل من خلال السمعة الطيبة التي تمتع بها رجالات هذه الأسرة وقيامهم بالعديد من الأعمال العمرانية من بناء الأسوار والقلاع والحصون وبناء المساجد الجامعة وترميم القديم منها وكذلك تشييد الخانات والأسواق فضلا عن العديد من الأبنية الوقفية التي أوقفوها على أنفس

يعد منصب القضاء من ابرز المناصب في الدولة الفاطمية إذ لعب دورًا حاسمًا في سياسة الدولة وحياتها الاجتماعية وكان عمل القضاء موجهًا بشكل أكبر من أجل المجتمع ومن أجل الحفاظ على النظام الاجتماعي وحل النزاعات وفق معايير وقوانين تفرضها الدولة. لذلك عملت الدولة الفاطمية في بلاد المغرب ومصر (297ه‑567م/909‑1171م) من أجل حفظ مكانة القاضي والقضاة، الا ان هذا الأمر لم يتم ، فقد تعرض بعض القضاة في الدولة الفاطمية الى السعاية و

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إذا كان إستغلال الانهار الجارية ضمن حدود دولة واحدة والتي تسمى بالانهار الوطنية يعد من الامور الميسورة والواضحة ، فان إستغلال مياه الانهار التي تجري ضمن أقاليم عدد من الدول أو تشكل حدوداً فيما بينها والتي تسمى بالانهار الدولية ، يثير في الغالب صعوبات ومشاكل عدة بين الدول المتشاطئة او المتقاسمة لهذه الانهار ، ويشكل على الدوام بؤرة للخلافات والنزاعات المستمرة فيما بينها ، لاسيما وان الدراسات والبحوث المعني

In this work, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposite was prepared and hybridized with Graphene (Gr) by the solution casting method.  The morphological and electrical properties were investigated by field effect scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images, portraying a uniform dispersion of graphene within the PVP-MWCNT nanocomposite. The AC conductivity increased from (1.45552) to (2.34812) (Ω cm)^-1 with the use of nanocomposite. The increasing continues for the AC conductivity after hybridized with graphene up to (7.20641) (Ω cm)^-1. In addition, the performances of the prepared samples for gas sensor application have been investigated.

كان المجتمع اليهودي في العراق من اكبر المجتمعات اليهودية العربية واعرقها. وقدر عددهم قبل عمليات التهجير بحوالي 150 ألف فرد، توزع معظمهم في المدن الكبرى مثل بغداد والموصل واربيل والبصرة وغيرها، كان بعض يهود بغداد من اغنى اغنياء اليهود في العالم من صيارفة وتجار دوليين. وقد عاش اليهود زمن السيطرة العثمانية في العراق، وأتيحت الفرصة لهم وللطوائف جميعها في المشاركة في الحركة الوطنية والقومية، وشاركوا اخوانهم الع

ءأرﻘﻟا ةﺎﯾﺣﺑ ًﺎﻘﯾﺛو ًﻻﺎﺻﺗا لﺻﺗﺗ. نﻣ ﮫﺑﺗﺎﮐﻟﻟ ﻲﺻﺧﺷﻟا ﻊﺑﺎطﻟا ﻲﻔﺣﺻﻟا دوﻣﻌﻟا لﻣﺣﯾ ا فﻟﺗﺧﻣﻟ ﮫﻟوﺎﻧﺗ لﻼﺧ وا ﮫﺋارا وا هرظﻧ ﺔﮭﺟو لﻣﺣﺗ ﻲﺗﻟا ﺔﯾﻣوﯾﻟا ثادﺣﻻاو ﺎﯾﺎﺿﻘﻟ ﺢﺿﻔﺑ موﻘﯾو ثادﺣﻻاو ﺔﯾﺑﻟﺳﻟا رھاوظﻟﻟ ىدﺻﺗﯾ وا، ءيرﺎﻘﻟا ﯽﻟا ﮫﺑرﺎﺟﺗ وا هرﺎﮐﻓا ءﺎطﺧﻻا دﺻرﯾ بﯾﻗرﺑ ﮫﺑﺷا وھو، ءيرﺟﻟا دﻘﻧﻟا نﻋ مﻧﯾ بوﻟﺳﺎﺑ ﺔﺋطﺎﺧﻟا تﺎﺳرﺎﻣﻣﻟا ﺎﮭﺣدﻣﯾو تﺎﯾﺑﺎﺟﯾﻻا ﯽﻟﻋ

Steady conjugate natural convection heat transfers in a two-dimensional enclosure filled with fluid saturated porous medium is studied numerically. The two vertical boundaries of the enclosure are kept isothermally at same temperature, the horizontal upper wall is adiabatic, and the horizontal lower wall is partially heated. The Darcy extended Brinkman Forcheimer model is used as the momentum equation and Ansys Fluent software is utilized to solve the governing equations. Rayleigh number (1.38 ≤ Ra ≤ 2.32), Darcy number (3.9 * 10-8), the ratio of conjugate wall thickness to its height (0.025 ≤ W ≤ 0.1), heater length to the bottom wall ratio (1/4 ≤  ≤ 3/4) and inclination angle (0°, 30° and 60°) are the main consid

Cash studies on Biography few self, compared to what feet of analysis and criticism in the other arts as (novel, short story, poetry, theater, painting), however, is a biographical articles in the relatively few Arabic literature as presented in the other Arts, has taken this Art greater opportunity in our literature with his Taha Hussein (days), or (my life) to Ahmed Amin, or Fadwa Toukan (a nice trip, and difficult journey), or Jabra Ibrahim Jabra in the (first well) or (Princess Street), which forms taken from the self point of departure the desire to write a CV to try to familiarize readers with the information possible to the same creator, the remainder (ego) is the axis basis in a CV, gradually, starting from childhood through yout

In this paper, the concept of a hyper structure KU-algebra is introduced and some related properties are investigated. Also, some types of hyper KU-algebras are studied and the relationship between them is stated. Then a hyper KU-ideal of a hyper structure KU-algebra is studied and a few properties are obtained. Furthermore, the notion of a homomorphism is discussed.

Experimental investigation for small horizontal portable wind turbine (SHPWT) of NACA-44, BP-44, and NACA-63, BP-63 profiles under laboratory conditions at different wind velocity range of (3.7-5.8 m/s) achieved in present work. Experimental data tabulated for 2, 3, 4, and 6- bladed rotor of both profiles within range of blade pitch angles . A mathematical model formulated and computer Code for MATLAB software developed. The least-squares regression is used to fit experimental data. As the majority of previous works have been presented for large scale wind turbines, the aims were to present the performance of (SHPWT) and also to make a comparisons between both profiles to conclude which is the best performance. The overall efficiency and el

The majority of Iraqi translator-student have problems at two main levels: the conceptual level and the productive level. From different perspectives, such problems are either related to ‘language’ or to ‘cognition’. This binary view is an indication to the implicit and interchangeable relationship between language and cognition. The relationship between cognition language and translator starts with the first language and its effect on the Iraqi translators. Identifying the effect is the aim of the present study. It is hypothesized that Iraqi students are negatively influenced by the problems and weaknesses of first language schema. This reflects the major claim and later concludes that first language instruction in the Iraq

In this paper, a new class of nonconvex sets and functions called strongly -convex sets and strongly -convex functions are introduced. This class is considered as a natural extension of strongly -convex sets and functions introduced in the literature. Some basic and differentiability properties related to strongly -convex functions are discussed. As an application to optimization problems, some optimality properties of constrained optimization problems are proved. In these optimization problems, either the objective function or the inequality constraints functions are strongly -convex.&nbsp;

كثير من الرسامين استلهموا من الموسيقى حاولوا مزج الالوان مع الموسيقى بتوظيف مباشر من خلال مقطوعات موسيقية ملونة او استخدام الالات والتقنيات المتعددة ، او العكس، منهم الفنان الفرنسي روبرت ستروبن فقد نقل قطعة الموسيقى المراد تصويرها على اللوحة وعمل على نغمات موسيقى (جوهان سبستيان باخ) من خلال اسقاط اللون على خطوط السلم الموسيقي فمثلا (نغمة دو C) تتراوح من البني وحتى الاحمر (نغمة لا A) من الرمادي نحو البرتقال

Meaning letters in Arabic are characterized by the diversity and abundance of their linguistic material, and are also distinguished by their large number and types, to the point that some of them have reached a hundred letters confined to five categories

Standards of audit have been defined issued them by professional organizations the audit risk is: Failure of the auditor inadvertently to amend his opinion on the financial statements in suitable method, although these statements are Interpolated Essentially. As result the deep impacts caused by electronic operating systems in the accounting data in the audit process which audit risk has gained attention of many professional sides, especially the audit process and quality is relating with level of discovery the auditor for the mistakes of origin (misrepresentations) all their types and give the necessary confidence for the auditor to express his technical opinion in fidelity and certified financial statements which prepared electronicall

Background: The systemic host modulation therapy is new approach in treatment of periodontal diseases. Materials and methods:The target of this treatment is the host response to microbial infection because at present time,it is well known that most of damage found in periodontal diseases cause by the inflammatory -immune response to periodontal infections.Sub-antimicrobial-dose Doxycycline (SDD) is a 20-mg dose of Doxycycline (Periostat) that is approved and indicated as an adjunct to scaling and root planning (SRP) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Results:At present, SDD (Periostat) is the only systemically administered agent that is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and accepted by the American Dental Asso

We demonstrate the results of a mathematical model for investigation the nonlinear Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS), which can be employed to achieve high optical amplifier. The SBS is created by interaction between the incident We demonstrate the results of a mathematical model for investigation the nonlinear Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS), which can be employed to achieve high optical amplifier. The SBS is created by interaction between the incident light and the acoustic vibration fiber. The design criteria and the amplification characteristic of the Brillouin amplifier is demonstrated and discussed for fiber Brillouin amplifier using different pump power with different fiber length. The results show, high Brillouin gain can

Through his female characters, Walt Disney was able to reflect the
development of the general outlook upon women in the Western world over a period
of sixty years.
This paper sheds light in how the cartoon characters changed in their reaction
to problems and means of solving them from the 30s through to the 90s of the
previous century. The main characters will be seen according to the films’ dates of
production and release.

The research consists of four chapters, and the research aims to uncover the melodic and rhythmic aspects of the Iraqi Sufi chanting (Thalilah as a model) as one of the models of Sufi chanting in Iraq that is held at the tomb of Sheikh "Abdul Qadir Al-Kilani". As for the temporal limit of the research, it is from 2011 to 2012.
The researcher selected two samples for the research sample:
1. Separation of the Thalilah of the Prophet Al Adnani
2. Separate the chanting of prayers
According to the musical analysis, the researcher prepared the search tool, which consisted of eight paragraphs, for a special standard system in line with the research objectives. The validity and reliability of the instrument was verified by experts to

The city of Baghdad underwent various changes and developments, which significantly influenced its urban character. And other urban fabric. The most prominent changes in the architecture of that period characterized by the emergence and spread of modern architecture, it represents the period between the 1940s and the late seventies of the twentieth century, which had its many reasons and various factors that paved and supported, and even encouraged the spread of modern architecture of the world, The advanced world in the adoption of a global architecture spread in the city of Baghdad by a number of international architects and Iraqis, who came from those countries and saturation ideas

    Alice Walker (1944) ranks among the greatest American writers of the twentieth century. Through her novels Meridian and the color Purple, Alice outlines many issues concerning the effect of authoritarian thinking upon its often innocent victims, and the possibility of meaningful, productive resistance. Walker's texts aim at giving a voice to those who have no voice especially those poor, rural black women who are robbed of power and the right to make decisions about their own lives by a range of forces standing against them. These texts also aim at clarifying how Walker's female protagonists, Meridian and Celia try to free themselves from oppression, misery , fear and underestimation