This study focuses on the simulation of the bed change and total sediment concentration in the Al-Musayyab Canal, which is a vital irrigation system located in the central region of Iraq, using HEC-RAS V 6.3 software. The 49.5 km canal, with 13 branches, faces challenges from sediment influx originating from the Euphrates River. The primary objective is to analyze sedimentation, erosion patterns, and sediment discharge variations to support effective canal management. Field sampling collected suspended and bed load samples for laboratory tests, providing input data for the sediment transport model. Simulation results show steady flow water surface elevations ranging from 26.32 to 33.16 m.a.s.l, with velocities from 0.24

This paper presents a method to organize memory chips when they are used to build memory systems that have word size wider than 8-bit. Most memory chips have 8-bit word size. When the memory system has to be built from several memory chips of various sizes, this method gives all possible organizations of these chips in the memory system. This paper also suggests a precise definition of the term “memory bank” that is usually used in memory systems. Finally, an illustrative design problem was taken to illustrate the presented method practically

A flight simulation programme has been developed on a personal computer using Microsoft
FORTRAN to simulate flight trajectories of a light aircraft by using Six-Degree-of-Freedom
equation of motion. The simulation has been made realistic through pre-programmed the input to
the control surfaces, atmospheric gust during the flight mode. The programme plays an important
role in the evaluation and validation of the aircraft design process. A light aircraft (Cessna 182T)
has been tested through free flight, gliding flight, flight with gust. The results show good trend and
show that the programme could be dependent as a realistic flight test programme.

This study investigates the results of electrocoagulation (EC) using aluminum (Al) electrodes as anode and stainless steel (grade 316) as a cathode for removing silica, calcium, and magnesium ions from simulated cooling tower blowdown waters. The simulated water contains (50 mg/l silica, 508 mg/l calcium, and 292 mg/l magnesium). The influence of different experimental parameters, such as current density (0.5, 1, and 2 mA/cm²), initial pH(5,7, and 10), the temperature of the simulated solution(25⁰C and 35 ⁰C), and electrolysis time was studied. The highest removal efficiency of 80.183%, 99.21%, and 98.06% for calcium, silica, and magnesium ions, respectively, were obtained at a current de

A roundabout is a highway engineering concept meant to calm traffic, increase safety, reduce stop-and-go travel, reduce accidents and congestion, and decrease traffic delays. It is circular and facilitates one-way traffic flow around a central point. The first part of this study evaluated the principles and methods used to compare the capacity methods of roundabouts with different traffic conditions and geometric configurations. These methods include gap acceptance, empirical, and simulation software methods. Previous studies mentioned in this research used various methods and other new models developed by several researchers. However, this paper's main aim is to compare different roundabout capacity models for acceptabl

Grayscale images are extensively used due to their simplicity and cheapness in storage and transmission compared to color one of RGB base. It can also be considered a solution for color-blind people to ensure a better view of things and reading. However, unfortunately, it is still quite overburdened with redundancy(s) in which the data compression exploits them efficiently depending on the type and way of redundancy removal. This work introduces a hybrid compression system to compress grayscale images using the adaptive pixel-based technique (PBT) of optimized modeling base, with incorporated Minimize Matrix Size Algorithm (MMSA) of three digits values (C321) to encode the residual compactly along the need to overhead in

The information required for construction quantities surveying is not only generated by various participants in different construction phases but also stored in different forms including graphics, text, tables, or various combinations of the three. To report a bill of quantities (BOQ), the project manager has to continuously excerpt information from various resources and record it on papers. Without adequate staff and time, this repetitive and tedious process is difficult for the project manager to handle properly and thus reduces the effectiveness and the accuracy of the quantities surveying process which creates problems during the design, tender, and construction supervision of construction projects for designers and contractors pract

The present study explores numerically the energy storage and energy regeneration during Melting and Solidification processes in Phase Change Materials (PCM) used in Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage (LHTES) systems. Transient two-dimensional (2-D) conduction heat transfer equations with phase change have been solved utilizing the Explicit Finite Difference Method (FDM) and Grid Generation technique. A Fortran computer program was built to solve the problem. The study included four different Paraffin's. The effects of container geometrical shape, which included cylindrical and square sections of the same volume and heat transfer area, the container volume or mass of PCM, variation of mass flow rate of heat transfer fluid (HTF), and temp

A study has been done for finding the optimum separators pressures of degassing stations. The

optimum operation pressures are determined by employing Constrained Rosenbrock (1966) method using the maximum API. minimum GOR and minimum B, as objective fumetions and separators pressures as the decision variables. The optumizatien of separators pressures requires equilibriom ash dculation under difterent conditions of pressures and temperatures to determine the conditions than will sied the most stoek tunk lisquid Fquilibriam flash caléulation is achieved by solving the equation of state In the carreni study. Sonve – Redlich – Kwong (1972) and Peng Robinson (1976) have neen used with the phick and volatile oils respectively. Tw

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This study aims to evaluate the performance of the sewage treatment plant in Al-Diwaniya, one of cities in the southern part in Iraq. This evaluation could be used to facilitate effluent quality assessment or optimal process control of the plant. The influent reaching the plant is considered a medium to strong in strength with BOD5/COD ratio in the range 0.23 and 0.69 which can be considered an easily degradable sewage by the biological processes performed by the activated sludge unit. The quality of the effluent was found to be higher than the Iraqi standards for disposal to water bodies. The BOD5/COD ratios of the treated sewage varied over a wide range as low of 0.13 to 1.48 indicating operational problems in the plant. Regression ana

Optimal design of three links and four links serial manipulator involves striking a balance between an
appropriate link length, radius, link exact end effecter deflection and the amount of stress induced in each
link. Optimization has been applied for getting a minimum robot weight through making the robot arm
section tapered while keeping the first link as cylindrical tube as it represent the robot base only. The
synthesis optimization problem involves setting up guess values for links length and radius subjected to
constraints of deflection, stress and geometric constraints of total robot length. The optimization process
focuses on minimization of robot weight as an objective function, the guess values has taken from

This study aims to find the effect of water-cement ratio on the compressive strength of concrete by using ultrasonic pulse velocity test (UPVT). Over 230 standard cube specimens were used in this study, with dimensions of 150mm, and concrete cubes were cured in water at 20 °C. Also, the specimens used in the study were made of concrete with varied water-cement ratio contents from 0.48 to 0.59. The specimens were taken from Diyarbakir-Turkey concrete centers and tested at the structure and material science lab, civil engineering, faculty of engineering from Dicle University.  The UPV measurement and compressive strength tests were carried out at the concrete age of 28 days. Their UPV and compressive strength ranged

This paper attempted to study the effect of cutting parameters (spindle speed and feed rate) on delamination phenomena during the drilling glass-polyester composites. Drilling process was done by CNC machine with 10 mm diameter of high-speed steel (HSS) drill bit. Taguchi technique with L16 orthogonal layout was used to analyze the effective parameters on delamination factor. The optimal experiment was no. 13 with spindle speed 1273 rpm and feed 0.05 mm/rev with minimum delamination factor 1.28.                                       &

Many attacks may be carried out against communications in Local Area Networks (LANs). However, these attacks can be prevented, or detected, by providing confidentiality, authentication, and data integrity security services to the exchanged data. This paper introduces a security system that protects a LAN from security attacks. On each host in the protected LAN, the security system transparently intercepts each outbound IP (Internet Protocol) packet, and inserts a crypto header between the packet IP header and payload. This header is used to detect any modification to the content of the packet in transit, and to detect replayed packets. Then, the system encrypts the IP packet payload and some fields of the inserted crypto header. On the o

In Iraq, as well as many other developing countries the performance graded (PG) based System is not yet implemented to evaluate the currently used asphalt cernents for paving works. It appears that not only the unavailability of test equipments is resulting in this delay but also the lack of clear understanding of what steps could be taken to incorporate this system. This research is an attempt to highlight the important aspects of a (PG) system that can be readily implemented without the need for expensive equipments. It includes the development of a Performance based System employing the conventional test methods and available nomographs from literature. It also, shows how climatic data, traffic data, and asphalt binder properties

The worldwide construction industry has recognized the necessity for lightweight building materials that are flexible, high-performance, and environmentally friendly. In response to this need, lightweight foamed concrete (LFC) is being proposed. In concrete, nanoparticles are utilized for their beneficial effects, such as their small particle size and high reactivity, which improve the strength of concrete. In this study, foam concrete block waste was used as a partial substitute for cement in the manufacture of foamed concrete. The experimental program was done by preparing finally ground foam concrete wastes by using specific machines to produce particles similar to cement particles. The replacement ratios are (0, 10,

Stratified three-phase flow through horizontal pipe has been studied experimentally. The
fluids used in the system are water, kerosene, and air. A closed loop flow system, which composed
of 0.051 m inside diameter and 4 m length test pipe, is designed with facilities for measuring flow
rate, pressure drop and thickness of each phase.
The effects of gas, liquid flow rates and water liquid ratio (WLR) have been experimentally
observed. It was found that liquid (water, and oil) thickness decreased when the gas flow rate is
increased with constant liquid flow rate, and increased when the liquid flow rate is increased at
constant gas flow rate. Pressure drop increased when the gas and/or liquid flow rate is increased.

The high strength concrete is characterized by its high strength, low porosity and good performance
under aggressive environmental conditions. The paper presents some factors affecting the Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity test results for high strength concrete such as water/ cement ratio, type of aggregate, frequency level of transducers, dimension of the specimens and path length. An experimental equation has been derived for the prediction of compressive strength of high strength concrete from pulse velocity, which can be used for the estimation of strength. It provides more reliable prediction and can be used in precast concrete factories manufacturing precast concrete girders for bridges

Many researchers recommended Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) to be use for the purpose of
stiffness profile determination of existing pavement. Several sources of uncertainties contribute to
the inaccuracies in moduli obtained in this manner. these include: 1) the measured parameters
(deflection basin and FWD load), 2) the back calculation model, and 3) the pavement parameters, such as Poisson's ratio and thickness of each pavement layer . In the present study the influence of the variation in the thickness and other pavement parameters on the backcalcuted moduli are investigated .Theoretical deflection basins were generated for different pavement structure using program Mich-pave. Mich-back program was then utilized to backc

A high settlement may take place in shallow footing when resting on liquefiable soil if subjected to earthquake loading. In this study, a series of shaking table tests were carried out for shallow footing resting on sand soil. The input motion is three earthquake loadings (0.05g, 0.1g, and 0.2g). The study includes a reviewing of theoretical equations (available in literatures), which estimating settlement of footings due to earthquake loading, calibration, and verification of these equations with data from the shaking table test for improved soil by grouting and unimproved soil. It is worthy to note that the grouting materials considered in this study are the Bentonite and CKD slurries. A modification to the seismic set

This paper studies the validity and accuracy of the seismic design force recommended by AASHTO for single span bridges. A parametric study for single steel girder bridges is presented, included the effect of span length and elastomeric bearing and lateral bracing (cross-frame) stiffness. The results of simplified AASHTO method are compared with response spectrum and time history analysis. Also studying the seismic design reqiurements for continuous steel girder bridges in seismic performance category (A), included the effect of span length, seismic zone, effect of elastomeric bearing and cross-frame stiffness and bridge skew on their seismic responses. It is concluded that the AASHTO simplified analysis method for single span bridges und

Base isolation systems have become a significant element of a structural system to enhance reliability during an earthquake. One type of base isolation system is Friction Pendulum Bearing in which the superstructure is isolated from the foundation using specially designed concave surface and bearing to allow sway under its own natural period during the seismic events. This study presents the finite element analysis of Friction Pendulum System (FPS) of a multi-story building and without base isolation, subjected to two real different earthquakes (El Centro & Loma Prieta) by use engineering program (ETABS Nonlinear version 9.5). Comparing with the available experimental data, the application of the current model gives close prediction.

Physical adsorption by nitrogen gas was studied on seven commercial platinum reforming catalysts
(RG-402, RG-412, RG-432, RG-451, RG 422,RG-482, PS-10), four prepared platinum catalysts
(0.1%Pt/alumina, 0.2 %Pt/alumina, 0.45 %Pt/alumina and 0.55% Pt/alumina), and -alumina
support.
Physical adsorption was carried out by using Accelerated Surface Area and Porosimetry (ASAP
2400 device) at 77 K .
The results indicate that the surface area in genaral decreases with increasing platinum
percentage,high platinum loaded (0.45% and 0.55%) it was found that the percent increasing in
surface area was lower than those obtained for low platinum loaded catalysts , and at very higher
platinum loading 0.6 %Pt , some reduction

In wide range of chemical, petrochemical and energy processes, it is not possible to manage without slurry bubble column reactors. In this investigation, time average local gas holdup was recorded for three different height to diameter (H/D) ratios 3, 4 and 5 in 18" diameter slurry bubble column. Air-water-glass beads system was used with superficial velocity up to 0.24 m/s. the gas holdup was measured using 4-tips optical fiber probe technique. The results show that the axial gas holdup increases almost linearly with the superficial gas velocity in 0.08 m/s and levels off with a further increase of velocity. A comparison of the present data with those reported for other slurry bubble column having diameters larger than

This research dealt with the subject of negotiation skills of employees in public relations departments which is one of many skills supposed to be available to these employees. These skills combined help in the success of the job of public relations departments; and give them an important and vital role within the roles distributed in the departments of any government institution wither is governmental or non-governmental.

Negotiation is a skill that requires intelligence, tact, culture, information, intuition, and knowing to use the means of communication to access the information that is useful in reaching satisfactory results

Objective(s): To assess the behavior that impedes the eating of children with autism spectrum disorders in Baghdad city, and find out the relationships between the behaviors that impede eating of autistic children and their demographic characteristics.
Methodology: The study started from the period of 16th September 2019 to the 16th of March 2020. A non-probability (purposive) sample of 80 children with autism spectrum disorders was selected. The questionnaire was designed and composed of two parts: the first part includes the autistic children demographic data, the second part includes scales of behavior that impede eating followed by parents towards autistic child. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined through a pilot

Le but de la présente étude est de mettre en lumière la fragilité des personnages dans le roman de "Mme Bovary". En fait, la fragilité n'est pas uniquement propre aux héros de Flaubert. Nous pouvons attribuer cette caractéristique à la plupart des protagonistes du XIX^e siècle. Nous pouvons dire qu'aucun auteur n'excelle autant que Flaubert à incarner cette fragilité.

                Flaubert présente un personnage frustré de toute force et de toute volonté comme le personnage d'Emme Bovary.

                Ce personnage n'a pas de confiance en soi, E

Grossly, there are bilaterally paired, round to oval parathyroid glands in laying hens.