Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an immune-mediated disease with severe morbidity and tissue damage. Adherence to therapy in SLE patients remains a significant problem, and nonadherence can lead to poor disease outcomes and decreased quality of life. Self-efficacy is also a critical aspect of disease control and medication adherence. This study aims to evaluate medication adherence, quality of life, and self-efficacy among patients with SLE and their correlation with sociodemographic and clinical factors. This was cross-sectional study was conducted at Baghdad Teaching Hospital's Rheumatology Unit from November 2024 to January 2025, evaluating adherence, quality of life, and self-efficacy among SLE patients using the Compliance Ques
... Show Moreيعاني النظام القانوني في العراق من تعدد الحالات التي يغيب معها حكم القاعدة القانونية عند تنظيمها للعلاقات القانونية القائمة بين أفرادها بفرعي القانون العام والخاص بسبب غياب النص الذي يُستقى منه الحكم القانوني المنشود والمنظم لتلك القاعدة في بعض الأحيان أو تعذر الوصول لهذا الحكم رغم توفر النص التشريعي في حالات أخرى، ولغرض التوصل الى معالجة هذه الحالة كان لا بد من البحث عنها في ضوء الأساس الذي تستند إليه جم
... Show Moreيتناول البحث العوامل المساهمة في العزوف عن (المشاركة السياسية) في العراق، وذلك من خلال دراسة العوامل (الاجتماعية والثقافية والسياسية والاقتصادية) المؤثرة في عملية العزوف السياسي، وذلك من خلال دراسة تأثير ضعف الوعي السياسي والتقاليد والقيم المحافظة والتي تساهم في تهميش شرائح كبيرة من المجتمع وخاصة النساء والشباب مما يعيق مشاركتهم الفعالة. كما يستعرض العوامل السياسية والاقتصادية مثل غياب الديمقراطية الفع
... Show MoreThe in vivo antiangiogenic activity and in vitro cytotoxic effects of methanol leaf extract of Leonotis leonurus (Lamiaceae) against A2780 human ovarian cancer cells are investigated in this work. Leonotis leonurus (L. leonurus), a fellow of the Lamiaceae family and commonly Referred to as "wild dagga," or “lion’s ear” is a commercially important plant The antiangiogenic capacity was evaluated with the Avian chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay to reveal 100% inhibition of blood vessel growth at 500 mg/mL. Cytotoxicity was measured using the MTT assay; a dose-dependent drop in cell viability resulted from an IC50 value of 93.22 µg/mL. Phytochemical analysis investigation detects the presence of signifi
... Show MoreAn essential chemokine called monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is in charge of initiating, controlling, and mobilizing monocytes to the sites of active severe periodontal inflammation. The purpose of the current study is to assess the serum levels of MCP-1 and protein oxidation products in chronic periodontitis patients, namely Advanced Oxidation Protein Products (AOPP), 3-Nitrotyrosine (3-NT), and Protein Carbonyl (PC). Evaluation of potential relationships between MCP-1 levels and the byproducts of protein oxidation. In the current investigation, 45 patients with severe chronic periodontitis (diseased) and 14 healthy individuals took part. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the amounts of MCP-1, AOPP, 3-NT,
... Show Moreتسعى كلّ دولة إلى تسليح قوّاتها العسكريّة بمختلف أنواع الأسلحة، إلّا أنّ هناك نوعاً من الأسلحة لا يمكن للدّولة أن تستخدمها، بل أن تساهم بإنتاجها وتطويرها وانتشارها؛ كونها تعدّ من الأسلحة الممنوعة دوليّاً.
يعدّ العراق من الدّول الّتي لها التزامات دوليّة تتعلّق بهذا الجانب من التّعامل والتّسليح، مضافاً إلى ما نصّ عليه دستوره لسنة 2005 ممّا جعل هذا الالتزام من الثّوابت والمحظورات الّتي يتوجّب عليه احترام
... Show MoreLornoxicam (LOX) is a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) oxicam class; that can be used into treat ocular inflammation; when applied locally to the eye, reducing systemic side effects. However, a major challenge is its rapid lacrimal clearance. An ion-sensitive in-situ gel for lornoxicam (LOX) was developed using gellan gum, a polymer that gel in response to calcium ions present in physiological fluids. This method allows for the local and continuous release of medication, improving therapeutic efficacy. The aim of this study was to
... Show Moreيُعدّ الروبوت المترافع أحد التطبيقات الحديثة للذكاء الاصطناعي في المجال القانوني، إذ يساهم في تحليل القضايا وصياغة المذكرات وتسريع الإجراءات القضائية، بما يعزز كفاءة العدالة ويخفض تكاليف التقاضي. غير أن استخدام هذه التقنية يثير إشكالات قانونية معقدة تتعلق بمشروعية الترافع الآلي وبالأساس القانوني للمسؤولية المدنية عن أضرار الترافع الذكي للروبوت. وتكشف الدراسة عن قصور واضح لقواعد المسؤولية المدنية التق
... Show MoreOxidative stress arises when the host defensive mechanisms of anti-oxidants cannot withstand the fierce attack launched by numerous reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. This prooxidant-antioxidant imbalance can cause endocrine, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and neurological disorders. In sepsis, this imbalance promotes organ failure, including bone marrow. The aim is to evaluate the anti-oxidant effect of montelukast compared with dexamethasone against LPS-induced oxidative stress in bone marrow. For this purpose, twenty-eight male Albino mice were randomly assigned to four groups of seven per each. Group I (control) received distilled water by oral gavage once a day for a week and euthanised on the 8th day; Group II (induction) received a
... Show Moreيتناول هذا البحث مسألة “الإذن المسبق من الجهة الإدارية” كشرطٍ للجوء إلى التحكيم في منازعات العقود الإدارية، بوصفها نقطة توازن دقيقة بين اعتبارات سلطان الإرادة في العقود من جهة، ومتطلبات المشروعية وحماية المال العام وضمان استمرار المرفق العام من جهة أخرى. وينطلق البحث من إشكالية محورية مؤداها: هل يُعد هذا الإذن قيدًا موضوعيًا على قابلية منازعات العقد الإداري للتحكيم، أم هو قيدٌ إجرائي/تنظيمي داخلي على سل
... Show Moreجاءت هذه الدراسة للبحث في موضوع أضحى من المتطلبات الأساسية لتطوير النظام الدستوري السياسي الأردني وتفعيل الديمقراطية النيابية التي يقوم عليها هذا النظام، من خلال بيان مفهوم المعارضة البرلمانية ودعوة المشرع الدستوري لتعزيز دورها في الحياة النيابية وتفعيل دورها في التشريع والرقابة على الحكومة؛ بوصفها أحد المداخل الحقيقية لممارسة التعددية السياسية.
وقد اعتمد الباحث في تنفيذ هذه الدراسة على م
... Show MoreMethotrexate, a folic acid antagonist, is a chemotherapeutic agent frequently employed in treating certain forms of cancer. Nephrotoxicity caused by high-dose Methotrexate is a medical emergency due to the delayed renal excretion of Methotrexate. Chromium is a trace element found in certain foods and the environment. The primary function of chromium is to regulate glucose levels, which is used as a supplement by people with type 2 diabetes Mellitus. This study aimed to evaluate the renoprotective effect of chromium against Methotrexate-induced Nephrotoxicity in rats. Thirty-two Wistar rats were allocated into four groups and treated as Group-1 (Control group): The rat was administered distilled water orally as a vehicle f
... Show MoreDeveloping routes to produce cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from high-lignin wood residues is essential for expanding sustainable nanocellulose feedstocks. In this work, Meranti (Shorea sp.) sawdust was valorized into CNCs by integrating ammonium persulfate (APS) pretreatment with subsequent sulfuric acid hydrolysis. To establish a severity map and define an operating window, APS pretreatment severity was systematically varied by adjusting APS concentration and the sawdust-to-APS (solid-to-liquid) ratio, and its influence on CNC structural properties was evaluated. APS pretreatment partially disrupted and oxidized the lignocellulosic matrix, enabling acid hydrolysis to liberate crystalline cellulose domains. XRD analysis confirmed th
... Show MoreTraffic‐induced ground vibrations cause significant problems for residents and nearby structures. Reducing the effect of these vibrations on the neighboring environment is a key challenge, particularly in urban areas. This study presents both numerical and experimental investigations of the performance of mass scatters for screening ground vibrations. A three‐dimensional numerical model is validated and extended to conduct a comparative study on the efficiency of three geotechnical methods of isolation. These methods include trench barriers, wave‐impeding blocks (WIBs), and mass scatters. The results showed that mass scatters represent an efficient way of scattering ground vi
Background Solar irradiance is a nonlinear and intermittent function, which makes accurate forecasting of solar power generation a challenge. The high variability of meteorological conditions is not well represented by conventional atmospheric models, thus hampering forecasting skill and model robustness. In this work, an advanced hybridization of multi-population cuckoo search (HMPCS) algorithm with machine learning (ML) methods is developed to enhance the prediction performance of photovoltaic (PV) power forecasting with more reliability. Methods In this study, a hybrid modeling framework is proposed, called HMPCS–ML framework which captures the global search capacity of HMPCS and predictive power of sophisti
... Show MoreAmid the growing demand for multifunctional and environmentally benign materials, lead-free double perovskites have emerged as a strategically important development in advanced functional materials research. This study presents the synthesis of Ba2PrMnO6 (BPMO) double perovskite nanocrystals for the first time via a hydrothermal method, and a comprehensive evaluation has been conducted using the density functional theory (DFT) framework. Structural, thermodynamic, electronic, optical, and mechanical properties were investigated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, FESEM/EDX, FTIR, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. XRD confirms a stable tetragonal I4/m phase with experimental lattice con
... Show Moreإن تعقيد تغير المناخ وآثاره على أداء النظم الإيكولوجية يترك عواقب جسيمة على البيئة البشرية، بسبب الترابط الوثيق ما بين المجتمعات وبيئتها، ومن بين هذه العواقب هو نزوح السكان وظهور فئة جديدة تعرف بأسم ـ اللاجئين البيئيين ـ الذي هو بلا شك واحدة من التأثيرات المباشرة التي يصعب إدارتها بسبب ضخامة حجمها. لقد تسببت الكوارث المرتبطة بالمناخ بهجرة ما يقارب 20 مليون نسمة في عام 2008 وفقاً للأمم المتحدة، بينما تشير التقدي
... Show MoreRare-earth metal oxides (REMOs) exhibit distinctive properties, among which cerium oxide (CeO2) displays numerous industrial, technological, and medical applications. However, the inclusion of hafnium (Hf) at the cerium (Ce) site to form the (Ce1-ₓHfₓO2) lattice system at a concentration of x = 0.25 would have an impact on enhancing the physical properties of the simulated configuration. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to perform the calculations, supported by the Hubbard correction factor (U). The generalized gradient approximation (GGA-PBE) was employed to analyze the electronic, structural, optical, and mechanical properties at hydrostatic pressures (P = 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 GPa). The ground state geometry of the pristine
... Show MoreAbstract Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Identifying novel biomarkers is critical for improving diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment strategies. This study investigates the serum levels of kisspeptin-1 (KISS1), its receptor (KISS1R), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in Iraqi CRC patients. Objectives: Explore associations between serum levels of Kiss1, Kiss1R, GDF, and CEA and disease progression in Iraqi patients with CRC. Methods: A case-control study was conducted, including 72 CRC patients and 36 healthy controls. Patients were stratified into non-metastatic and metastatic groups. Serum biomarker levels were measured using enzyme-link
... Show MoreWhen designing structures constructed on soil that undergoes volumetric changes due to variations in its moisture content, the upward pressure exerted by the soil poses a risk to the safety of the facilities. A significant number of researchers are looking into solutions to either treat these soils or lessen the detrimental consequences they have. One treatment option involves stabilizing these soils by adding low-expansion soil or materials, which can impact their swell characteristics. This study aimed to investigate the effect that the addition of dune sand and sodium silicate material would have on the swellability and strength behaviour of swellable bentonite soil. Soil samples w
الأهداف: يهدف البحث إلى الكشف عن دور إعلانات إنستغرام في زيادة مشاعر الضجر لدى الشباب العراقي، وفهم طبيعة استجابتهم النفسية والسلوكية تجاه المضامين الإعلانية المختلفة. عن طريق رصد وتفسير تنامي مشاعر الضجر والنفور لدى المستخدمين نتيجة التعرض المستمر للإعلانات عبر Instagram، في ظل تزايد كثافة المحتوى الإعلاني وتداخله مع التجربة التفاعلية اليومية للشباب.
المنهجية: يندرج البحث ضمن الدراسات
تلعب وسائل الإعلام دورًا أساسيًا في تغيير الطريقة التي نفكر بها في بعض البلدان، وتشكيل الرأي العام والمعتقدات والسلوكيات، فهي تمتلك قدرة كبيرة على الانتشار على نطاق واسع لزيادة وعي الناس بما يحدث. لقد زاد الاستخدام المتنامي لوسائل التواصل الاجتماعي من كمية المعلومات على الإنترنت، ومن الضروري أن نفهم هذا الاتجاه لمعرفة مدى سهولة أو صعوبة الوثوق بتلك المعلومات، خاصة بين الطلاب الجامعيين. تركز دراسة في منطق
... Show Moreالأهداف: تهدف الدراسة إلى التعرّف على طبيعة الأنشطة الاتصالية التي توظفها العلاقات العامة في صفحة الحكومة العراقية على موقع فيسبوك لدعم الإصلاحات الحكومية، كما سعت إلى قياس دور هذه الأنشطة في توضيح سياسات الحكومة وخططها وإنجازاتها، بما يسهم في تعزيز ثقة الجمهور وتحقيق التفاعل الإيجابي والتوازن والرضا بين الحكومة والمواطنين.
المنهجية: اعتمد الباحث المنهج المسحي التحليلي، من خلال تحل
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory condition that requires effective treatment. Genetic variability, particularly in the Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene, may influence patients’ response to biological therapies such as etanercept. This study evaluated the association of four TNF-α gene polymorphisms (rs361525 G/A, rs673 G/A, rs1800629 G/A, and rs1800750 G/A) with serum TNF-α levels and response to etanercept in Iraqi patients with psoriasis. A retrospective study was conducted on 80 patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis who received etanercept for at least six months. Patients were categorised as responders (≥ 75% PASI reduction) or non-responders (≤ 50% PASI reduction). Genotyping was performed using PCR and
... Show MoreThis study offers a new Mixed Meta Heuristics algorithm (HGSABAT) for estimating the parameter values of each of the six categories of Non-Linear regression models examined (Misrald, Meyer4, Meyer7, Militky4, Militky2, and MGH09) by combining the Gravitational Search Algorithm and Bat Algorithm. Some models have different numbers of parameters. For example, the Misrald and Militky2 models of the Non-Linear Regression model have two parameters (Bl, B2). In contrast, the MGH09 and Militky4 models have four parameters (MGHl, MGH2, MGH3, and MGH4), in which location as the Meyer4 and Meyer7 models have three attributes (Meyerl, MGH2, and MGH3). To examine the effectiveness of the suggested Hybrid Meta Heuristics algorithm (HGSABAT), a simulatio
... Show Moreيتناول البحث دراسة العلاقات الاقتصادية بين مصر والسودان في الفترة ما بين عامي (1970–1973)، وهي مرحلة اتسمت بقدر كبير من التفاعل نتيجة للتقلبات السياسية والإقليمية التي شهدها البلدان. فقد جاءت هذه السنوات في أعقاب تولي الرئيس جعفر نميري السلطة في السودان عام 1969، ووفاة الرئيس جمال عبد الناصر عام 1970، وصعود أنور السادات إلى الحكم في مصر، الأمر الذي انعكس بصورة مباشرة على طبيعة العلاقات الثنائية. وع
... Show MoreBackground Due to the intermittent, nonlinear, and uncertain behavior of renewable energy sources (res) such as solar and wind, grid stability and reliability require very high forecasting and optimization skills as widely reported in the literature. Traditional optimization methods work very well in small or static systems but are suffer difficulty on large-scale, dynamic and stochastic renewable environment due to their NP-hard nature. Methods The framework introduces the concept of a Machine Learning-Assisted Hybrid Cuckoo Search (ML-HCS) that combines CS with a hybrid metaheuristic and integrates Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks for forecasting based on both regression models of LSTMs and hybrid optimization algorithm
... Show MoreBackground The Transportation Problem (TP) is a detailed model in operations study with applications in logistics, supply chain management, and resource allocation. The classical IBFS methods including North-West Corner, Least Cost and Vogel’s Approximation have competitive computational efficiency, but they are very sensitive to the structure of the problem and usually lead to a solution that is far from the global optimum. Classic enhancement strategies like the Generalized Distribution (MODI) and Stepping-Stone (SS) approaches have low computational complexity but may fall into a local optimum quickly, which makes them ineffective in large-scale or unbalanced problems. Methods We propose the first generic hybrid algorithm, calle
... Show MoreThis study presents the multi criteria single-machine model. The machine scheduling problem (MSP) for ntasks on a single machine involves minimizing a function of three criteria: total completion time (C_j),maximum earliest (E_max), and tardiness (〖ΣT〗_j), This is an NP-hard issue. Within this work's theoretical section, we present the mathematical formulation of The presented topic thenhighlights the usefulness of the dominance rule (DR), which may be used to develop effective solutions. Whilein the practical part, one of the important exact methods; The proposed MSP tricriteria are solved by applyingthe Branch and Bound (BAB) method, which finds a set of efficient solutions for 1//F(ΣC_j ,ΣT_j ,E_max) upto n=100 jobs. The BAB appro
... Show More