Dislocated metrics play an important role in logical programming. Moreover, they are pivotal in fields such as topology and electronic engineering. These spaces are significant because they have the property of modifying self-distance property. This feature made many authors undertake extensive investigations of this metric, where they examined the fixed points of maps that exist in this space that meet specific requirements and studied the characteristics that set it apart. Additionally, they looked into whether -contractions have the best proximity in the framework of dislocated metric spaces, and specific requirements be established to ensure that a best proximity point for these contractions is unique. Researchers worked on

     The softness of the image Hilbert domain has a momentous role in the analytical characterizations of operators. Therefore, the elaborate study of these classes of soft operators (S-operators) and the comprehensive investigation of the algebraic and analytical traits of their softness Hilbert domains is of great importance. In Soft set Theory (SST), research in this specialty is of great importance. The prime effort of this article is application of novel kinds of general normal S-operator in SST, named as soft quasi normal operator. The crucial characteristic of the proposed operator is explained, including its major merits. Furthermore, the necessary stipulations are also discussed to verify the various merits of the proposed o

In this paper, a generalization of (Beta-Psi)-Jaggi type contractive mapping is presented by adding some factors while retaining the control functions. The existence and uniqueness of a fixed point for this type of mappings are studied and discussed.  It is very useful in extending the current findings of the corresponding literature.

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a member of the TLR family, plays a key role in innate immunity. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition characterized by impaired insulin sensitivity and abnormal immune responses. This study aimed to examine the association of the TLR4 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1927911 with T2DM susceptibility and to evaluate the SNP's effect on TLR4 levels. The study included 60 T2DM patients and 40 healthy controls. Blood samples were collected for serum analysis and DNA extraction. TLR4 levels were significantly elevated in T2DM patients carrying the AG genotype compared to controls (0.48 ± 0.10 vs. 0.30 ± 0.02 ng/ml, p = 0.03). Conversely, the controls with AA and GG genotypes had significa

     Drought is a natural hazard that occurs as a result of decreased rainfall and water storage. It has a significant impact on the agriculture sector. In this paper,  monitoring the drought in the Al-Hamdaiya district located east of Mosul city in the Nineveh Governorate, Northern Iraq, was performed for years 2017, 2018, 2019, 2022, and 2024 by integrating remotely sensed data and geographic information systems (GIS). Spatial and temporal distribution changes of the drought phenomenon for the study area were verified by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) using Landsat 8 (Operational Land Imager: OLI) images during April month. The results indicated that the study area experienced re

     The rising use of antibiotics, particularly in developing nations, has made bacteria more skilled at creating resistance mechanisms, which has led to high infection and mortality rates.  The World Health Organization states that one of the biggest risks to human health is antibiotic resistance, which ranks third in terms of causes of mortality after cardiovascular disease.  The investigation and application of plant chemicals as natural antibiotics have continued in recent decades. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out using volatile oils extracted from Citrus aurantium peels as a reducing agent. The particles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, AFM, and colorimetric analysis. Results revealed th

The placenta is the main controller of nutrient resources to the growing embryo during gestation. As such, adequate placental function is instrumental for developmental progression throughout intrauterine development. This study aimed to assess the role of placental growth factors: Placental growth hormone (PGH), placental lactogen (PL), Insulin-like growth factor1  (IGF1), and IGF2) in fetal development during mid and late gestation in albino mice. A total of 80 pregnant mice were divided into two groups based on gestational stages. The first group, second week, represents the mid-gestation period in embryonic day (ED), ED (8–14) day, and the second group, third week, represents late-gestation at (15–21) day. Some fetal metrics wer

Alcohol addiction is a public health concern that affects communities all over the world, especially those with distinct genetic traits, such as the Iraqi community. This study investigates the genetic factors that contribute to alcohol dependence, focusing on the expression levels of Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) and Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) genes in individuals from diverse regions of Iraq. A total of 250 blood samples were collected from males, ranging in age from 18 to 55, including 200 alcohol-dependent individuals and 50 samples as controls in the Iraqi population. The data showed a considerable increase in the expression level of the ADH1B (P-value < 0.0001; t= 6.447) among alcohol

Lymphomas are broad tumors originating in the lymphatic system, causing lymph node enlargement. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a group of blood cancers that includes all types of lymphomas except Hodgkin lymphomas. The Interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene is associated with various malignancies and can influence tumor growth and immune responses. This paper aims to study the role of IL-6 gene expression and polymorphisms in association with increased incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The study included 100 participants (50 NHL patients and 50 con

     Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, with a growing incidence in developing countries such as Iraq. Chronic inflammation and exposure to environmental toxins like aflatoxin-B1 may influence disease development and progression. This study investigates the role of aflatoxin-B1, caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD-9), and Dectin-1 in CRC among Iraqi male patients, including newly diagnosed cases and those under chemotherapy. A total of 88 participants (60 CRC patients aged 25-70 and 28 healthy controls) were enrolled. Peripheral blood samples were withdrawn from each participant from four hospitals in Baghdad between October 2023 and January 2024

This study involves examining the antenna array factor using the MATLAB environment for three types of antenna arrays. These types are carried out to operate at the neutral hydrogen line emission of the wavelength of 0.21 m (this wavelength is very important in radio astronomy observations) with three configurations of antenna arrays. These configurations are a linear array, a planar array, and a circular array. The array factor is computed to include the linear array factor (LAF), planar array factor (PAF), and circular array factor (CAF), respectively. The array configuration is considered a crucial parameter that controls an array factor pattern, and it depends on the number of antenna elements with the dist

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are vital bioactive factors that are important in almost every kind of cellular events. It plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression and is implicated in various diseases. This study aims to identify and characterize the differential expression of miRNAs in ulcerative colitis tissues compared to normal tissues and investigate their potential as biomarkers for early diagnosis. Real-time PCR was used to profile miRNA expression in 20 ulcerative colitis samples and 20 matched normal tissues. Bioinformatics tools were used to analyze expression patterns and identify significantly deregulated miRNAs. The analysis revealed miRNAs with significantly altered expression levels in ulcerative colitis tissue

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrinopathy affecting reproductive-aged females, in which prolactin (PRL) hormone seems to significantly affect the disease’s course. Considering the scarcity of local studies investigating the potential association of MIR4760 expression in the context of POCS and hyperprolactinemia, the present study aims to assess the potential differential value of PRL and MIR4760 gene expression in hyperprolactinemia and POCS patients. A total of 75 females (age range 14-40 years) were involved in this study (including 25 patients diagnosed with POCS, 25 patients with hyperprolactinemia, and 25 apparently healthy controls). Peripheral blood samples were collected f

     The levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), as well as zinc, iron, and calcium, in patients with β-thalassemia major who undergo repeated blood transfusions, with and without Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection, remain unexplored. Many studies have focused on iron overload in β-thalassemia major; however, there is a gap in information regarding the role of MMP-2, both in the presence and absence of HCV infection. The present study focused on the role of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in β-thalassemia major patients infected with HCV. This cross-sectional observational study included 80 patients suffering from β-thalassemia major; 50 cases had previously been diagnosed as positive f

     The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is rising globally, accompanied by a high mortality rate. Systemic inflammation is believed to significantly contribute to CRC development, highlighting the need for accessible, reliable, and cost-effective tools to assess patients' inflammatory status. This study aimed to evaluate liver and renal functions and the changes in blood cell-based inflammatory markers related to CRC. This cross-sectional case-control study included 60 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and 30 healthy controls.  Complete blood counts were performed using an automated analyzer. The blood cell-based inflammatory markers include the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic

Abnormal bleeding from the uterus is one of the most common concerns in gynecological clinics. The main purpose of this research was to investigate the histopathological characteristics of endometrial tissue samples in women suffering from peri-menopause and post-menopausal bleeding in Hillah, Iraq. This is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study on 110 patients with abnormal uterine bleeding who visited a private laboratory in Hillah, Iraq, from January 2022 to December 2023 and were hospitalized and underwent diagnostic curettage (C and D), total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH), bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) or TAH and BSO were placed. The results showed that the most common type of abnormal uterine bleeding among the women

Introduction: Endothelin-1gene is an important factor that can contribute to cardiovascular and kidney disorders. Numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Endothelin-1gene was related to many diseases and may be associated with complications of diabetes mellitus type II.This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Endothelin-1genetic polymorphism and DM type II in the Iraqi population.

 Methods: Blood samples were collected from patients with type II diabetes and control. PCR was applied to detect the Endothelin-1gene and conducted genetic sequences for Endothelin-1gene to detect SNPs (rs1800543, rs2070699, rs1476046, rs1762831452, new671, rs587777231, rs5877

     The selection of the most suitable land for cultivating a particular crop is one of the major problems facing the Ministry of Agriculture in general and farmers in particular, and this suitability for cultivation depends on many factors (natural and human), including soil type. This research used indicators, remote sensing, and spatial modeling to solve this problem. The method of band rationing was applied to calculate the salinity index (SI) and the Normalized Multi-Drought Index (NMDI) as a pre-processing for agricultural decision-making in specific areas in southern Iraq (Dhi Qar, Al-Khamisiyah), using the Landsat-8 satellite image of this area. Maximum likelihood classification was used to classify the study area into multi

     Epilepsy is recurrent unprovoked seizures with incidents of about 50 new cases per year per 100,000 people. Generalized seizures indicate abnormal electrical discharges starting synchronously from both sides of the cerebral hemispheres and spreading to the other neuronal brain networks. This study included an analysis of 200 diagnosed generalized epilepsies patients aged from 14 to 50 years old. The male-to-female ratio was 2:3, in which 40% were males and 60% were females . From Erbil Hospital, doctors collected the data during 2018-2024 manually from the outpatient clinic. The study aimed to test Levetiracetam (LEV) drug on 200 patients to predict its effectiveness in the treatment of generalized epilepsies and determine the s

     A modern, rapid RP-HPLC-UV method was developed and validated in compliance with FDA and EMA guidelines for simultaneous quantification of 15 β-lactam antibiotics) Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, cephalexin, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, cefamandole, cephalothin, piperacillin, penicillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, nafcillin Carbenicillin, Mezlocillin and Dicloxacillin) in pharmaceutical formulations and pure forms. The method employs Column NEUCLEODUR C-18 (4.0 mm x 100 mm, 5µm particle size), at a temperature of thirty degrees Celsius, and the mobile phase was acetonitrile and KH₂PO₄ using gradient elution with a total separation time of 13 minutes, a flow rate of 1.3 ml/min, at = pH 4.5 for the buffer solution and the

Smoking exposes individuals to a range of harmful chemicals linked to various diseases and remains one of the most common unhealthy behaviors. The objectives of this research are to investigate the correlation between smoking and mtDNA-CN using measured levels of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) as an inflammatory response. The current study included 80 smokers and 60 non-smokers. The levels of IL-6 and hs-CRP were measured using the ELISA method, and mtDNA-CN was measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Our study showed that the relative mtDNA/nDNA ratio was lower in smokers compared to non-smokers (0.8186 vs. 1.740; p = 0.0001). The AUC value was 0.8442 (p < 0.0001). We also found t

We consider R is any ring with identity and  is a non-zero unitary left R-module. In this article we study the notions of large small submodules with ascending (descending) chain conditions on large small submodules. Also, we will discuss and study many basic properties about this concept that fulfills the chain condition with its generalization to the ring. Where a submodule  of  is said to be large small of  denoted by if for  such that  then  is essential in .

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing were used in this project to assess and monitor Umm Khashm Cemetery, one of Iraq's most significant ancient cemeteries. Over 140,000 incidents of grave robbing were found throughout the studied area, highlighting the pervasive problem of looting. By examining soil irregularities and the shadows produced by robbed tombs, satellite imagery, including high-resolution datasets from WorldView-2 and Google Earth, was utilized to identify instances of theft. The study shows how well remote sensing and GIS work to record and evaluate cultural heritage site deterioration, offering important information for conservation initiatives. The findings highlight these technologies' importance in saf

The most dependable source of fresh water is groundwater. Several factors, including urbanization, industry, and population growth, seriously endanger groundwater supplies. The amount and quality of groundwater supplies are significantly impacted by climate change. The Erbil sub-basin is the area of the study, where groundwater rather than surface water is the primary supply for agricultural and residential purposes. To determine the possible groundwater zones, many parameters such as rainfall, elevation, slope, drainage density, land use and cover, and lineament density are created as separate layers using GIS techniques and then put through a weighted overlay analysis. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was utilized to assign the w

This study was done at the Biotechnology Research Center/Al-Nahrain University to elucidate the activity of aqueous extract of olibanum after twenty days on glucose, lipids, and oxidation in diabetes-induced rats by using Alloxan (100 mg/kg). Twenty male rats aged 6 weeks and weighing 180±3g were categorised into four groups, five rats for each: group 1 (control) given distilled water, group 2: diabetic (no treatment), group 3: diabetic group given (150 mg\kg) of olibanum aqueous extract and group 4: healthy rats (non-diabetic) given aqueous extract. The results revealed that the rise in blood glucose was accompanied by an increase in triglycerides, cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein in diabetic rats.

     The Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region is widely used for fungal identification in complex biological specimens. Fusarium is an opportunistic fungus responsible for a range of diseases in both plants and humans. This study aimed to identify Fusarium species at the species level and investigate their genetic variation. The ITS region of eighteen isolates was amplified by universal ITS primers (ITS1 and ITS4) using PCR. The PCR products of the ITS regions with a molecular weight of 588 bp were sent for sequencing, and then analyzed the sequence results by blast in the National Centre Biotechnology Information (NCBI) online to detect genetic variation in ITS regions. Phylogenetic analysis was compared with N

     In this research, we investigated the impact of toxins in a predator -prey paradigm where several externally harmful chemicals directly infect the prey. During feeding, the predator indirectly inherits the detrimental health. To investigate the impact of toxin-producing prey on the predator population, a mathematical model is made public. It is believed that the poison emitted by the prey population has a deleterious effect on the quantity of predators. In this paper the stability and Bifurcation, be modeled. As demonstrated by the numerical aspect addressed, the numerical solution showed that changing the parameters has an effect on the model.  The results are explained by numerical simulations. The system is

In this paper, a class of analytic and multivalent functions and its various properties is introduced, by using Generalized Bernardi-Libera-Livingston of Integral Operator which is defined on the open unite disk U. Coefficient bounds, distortion theorem, closure and radii of star likeness, convexity are obtained.