Recently, there has been an increasing advancement in the communications technology, and due to the increment in using the cellphone applications in the diverse aspects of life, it became possible to automate home appliances, which is the desired goal from residences worldwide, since that provides lots of comfort by knowing that their appliances are working in their highest effi ciency whenever it is required without their knowledge, and it also allows them to control the devices when they are away from home, including turning them on or off whenever required. The design and implementation of this system is carried out by using the Global System of Mobile communications (GSM) technique to control the home appliances – In this work, an ele

Background: Since the invention of laser in 1960, lasers have been developed and approved in many fields. Lasers can now be regarded as practical tools with unique properties that have been utilized effectively in several applications in fields of medical and biological sciences.Objectives: The aim of the current study was to preparation of vaccines (live attenuated and killed) by irradiation of the bacteria by the low level diode laser.Methods: six bacterial isolates were isolated from human samples of diabetic foot infections, which used for preparation of vaccines. The experiment was conducted on fifteen adult male rabbits; they were divided into three groups with 5 rabbits each. Blood samples were collected from the marginal ear vein

Background: Day case surgery has become widely accepted as a safe alternative to the inpatient care in up to 70% of the cases at a children’s hospital. It has the advantage of minimizing the psychological trauma of hospitalization, decreasing nosocomial infection, less costly and frees up hospital beds.Objectives: To assess the advantages and disadvantages of this type of surgery.Methods: this is a prospective study, in which two hundred thirty childhood tonsillectomies were performed as a day-case in the department of otolaryngology at Al Shaheed Gazi hospital, Medical City Complex during the period from October 2009 to September 2010. The patients age range from 3-12 years (Mean 7.2 years).Results: 46.08% males and 53.91% females wer

In this work, a new development of predictive voltage-tracking control algorithm for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFCs) model, using a neural network technique based on-line auto-tuning intelligent algorithm was proposed. The aim of proposed robust feedback nonlinear neural predictive voltage controller is to find precisely and quickly the optimal hydrogen partial pressure action to control the stack terminal voltage of the (PEMFC) model for N-step ahead prediction. The Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization (CPSO) implemented as a stable and robust on-line auto-tune algorithm to find the optimal weights for the proposed predictive neural network controller to improve system performance in terms of fast-tracking de

Investigation of the adsorption of Chromium (VI) on Fe₃O₄ is carried out using batch scale experiments according to statistical design using a software program minitab17 (Box-Behnken design). Experiments were carried out as per Box-Behnken design with four input parameters such as pH (2-8), initial concentration (50–150mg/L), adsorbent dosage (0.05–0.3 g) and time of adsorption (10–60min). The better conditions were showed at pH: 2; contact time: 60 min; chromium concentration: 50 mg/L and magnetite dosage: 0.3 g for maximum Chromium (VI) removal of (98.95%) with an error of 1.08%. The three models (Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin) were fitted to experimental data, Langmuir isotherm has bette

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This study investigated the feasibility of anaerobic co-digestion of giant reed (GR) inoculated with waste manure as a co-substrate for biogas production. The performance of co-digestion was evaluated in 4 anaerobic digesters operated in batch mode at different conditions. The effects of alkali pretreatment with NaOH (4% w/v) solution, inoculum type, and thermal condition were studied. The results demonstrated that the alkali-pretreatment of GR enhanced the biogas generation by about 15% at mesophilic conditions. Thermophilic conditions enhanced the biogas recovery from both alkali-free and alkali pretreated GR by 15% and 127%, respectively. The kinetic study of the co-digestion process of GR for biogas recovery suggeste

     تستهدف الدراسة الحالية الى التعرف على الدعم الاجتماعي المدرك لدى ضباط وزارة الداخلية، وعلى الفروق الدعم الاجتماعي المدرك لدى ضباط وزارة الداخلية تبعا لمتغير الرتبة العسكرية، وطبيعة العمل، وتحقيقاً لأهداف البحث قام الباحث بتبني نظرية  هاوس (House,1981) للدعم الاجتماعي المدرك ، كما قام الباحث بأعداد مقياس الدعم الاجتماعي المدرك بعد الاطلاع على النظرية المعتمدة والدراسات السابقة، وبلغت فقراته (3

من اجل الوصول الى اللبنات الاساسية لموضوع البحث الموسوم " الديكورات الزخرفية بين الحرفة والتصميم الرقمي(CNC) في الفضاءات الداخلية" حددت مشكلة البحث بعدم وجود رؤية مكتملة لدى المصممين في توظيف التقنيات الرقمية بصورة متوائمة مع فن الحرفة اليدوية التقليدية في تصنيع الديكورات الزخرفية في الفضاء الداخلي، كما حًدِد هدف البحث بالكشف عن الفروق بين ميزات الحرفة اليدوية وميزات التصنيع الرقمي وسبل توليف التقنيات الت

    تم حساب المقنن المائي لمحصول الباقلاء في محافظة ديالى بالاعتماد على البيانات المناخية لمحطة خانقين للمدة (1988-2017) وتم استخدام معادلة ( مونتيث - بنمان) لمنظمة الاغذاية والزراعية لحساب التبخر / النتح لممكن الذي يعد الأساس في حساب المقنن المائي  للمحاصيل الزراعة لحساب مقنن وبلغ  المقنن المائي ( 21و 48.9 و 30 و 32.9 و76.5 و 153,5 و 2,3) ملم على التوالي, في موسم زراعة محصول الباقلاء الممتد من شهر ( تشرين الأول)  لغ

Anita Desai's Clear Light of Day (1980) is a partition novel which depicts the influence of the Partition between India and Pakistan on the unity of the Indian family. In 1947, India witnessed a civil war which led to partitioning it into two countries along religious lines. These events coincided with the end of the British rule in India. As a result of that, the Indian individual started questioning his real identity. During the period (1947-1970), India witnessed dramatic social, political, economic changes and transformations In her sixth novel Clear Light of Day, Anita Desai studies the impact of the Partition on the country and on the personal lives of the Indian individuals. The novel is precisely a depiction of

Judith Wright's (1915-2000) concern about man's disintegration with the natural world and the horror of the destruction of the earth reflects a high sense of ecological awareness caused by the threat of pollution that pervades the environment. Wright's ecopoetry draws attention to the danger of displacing oneself from the natural world that would also cause an inner alienation in man. The purpose of this paper is to explore Wright’s ecopoetical representation of the Australian ecology and its integral connection with Australia’s national unity. As the study examines Wright’s various volumes of poems, it argues that the lack of ecological awareness weakens the national and social fabric of Australia and deteriorates its environment.

In this work, a chemical optical fiber sensor based on Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) was designed and implemented using plastic optical fiber. The sensor is used for estimating refractive indices and concentrations of various chemical materials (methanol, distilled water, ethanol, kerosene) as well as for evaluating the performance parameters such as sensitivity, signal to noise ratio, resolution and the figure of merit of the fabricated sensor. It was found that the value of the sensitivity of the optical fiber-based SPR sensor, with 40 nm thick and 10 mm long Au metal film of exposed sensing region, was 3μm/RIU, while the SNR was 0.24, the figure of merit was 20, and the resolution was 0.00066. The sort of optical fiber utilized i

This paper aims to investigate the drought levels in Iraq using Remote Sensing and
GIS Techniques. Meteorological and Agricultural droughts were calculated based on
Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Anomaly of Normalized Difference
Vegetation Index (NDVI), respectively. The drought risk maps were prepared by
calculating the classes frequency of droughts. Finally, a resultant risk map was
obtained by integrating agriculture and meteorological drought risk maps. The
results indicated that 14.4% area has Slight drought, 61.6% area face moderate risk,
23.2% area face severe risk and 0.8% area face very severe risk within the study
area. It was evident from the study that northwest of Iraq is m

This paper propose to overcome the negative point of the cryptosystem based on the
symmetric group that had been suggested by (Doliskani,Ehsan and
Zakerolhosseini)[1], which is the relatively large memory and bandwidth
requirements for storing and transmitting permutations (symmetric group elements),
our suggestion is to get benefit from the bijection between permutations and integers
and modify the way we encrypt plaintext ( ) from converting to a permutation
(as it is in there suggestion) to converting the permutation (which used to
encrypt the plaintext to an integer and then the cipher text ( . ) will
be an integer and not a permutation which can be decrypted by multiply it with the
number .By such modifica

   هدفت الدراسة الى معرفة اثر استراتيجية الحوار في تنمية التعبير الشفوي عند طالبات الصف الأول المتوسط، وتكونت افراد عينة البحث من (66) طالبة، بلغت المجموعة التجريبية (34) طالبة درست باستراتيجية الحوار، اما المجموعة الضابطة فبلغت (32) طالبة درست بالطريقة التقليدية، واعدت الباحثة اختبار ومقياس تصحيح مهارات التعبير الشفوي عند الطالبات، واستعملت الباحثة وسائل إحصائية تمثلت في المتوسطات الحسابية والاختبار ا

The New generation remote sensing satellites that are being designed to image
objects on the Earth’s surface with a resolution of one meter and less. It is believed
that such high resolution satellite imaging systems will lead to a paradigm change in
mapping science, considering the high resolution, wide spectral range, and stereo
mapping capabilities. This will be the first time that users around the world will be
able to use satellite imagery to map products on the plane ground at a sub-meter
level. This paper presents the results of an assessment of the horizontal accuracy of
the new generation of high-resolution satellite imagery WV02 one of the Digital
Globe productions for mapping purposes.

Asphalt is predominantly used to construct pavements for roads, highways, and airports. Both asphalt binder and asphalt – aggregate mixture show temperature and time dependent behavior. Rutting or permanent deformation is the leading cause of pavement deterioration in temperature and warm climatic regions of the world and low – temperature cracking is a common problem in cold regions. As the highway pavement infrastructure has aged and deteriorated, more pavements are in need of maintenance, rehabilitation, and reconstruction. This is traditionally done by placing hot mix asphalt overlay.
Four contents of crumb rubber, waste plastic, polyvinyl alcohol, and resol are used. These are (2.5, 5.5, 8.0, 10.5)% by weight of aggregate,

Geometrical parameters, ultraviolet and vibrational frequencies, relative stabilities, and heat of association of the six crown ethers (12O4, 12N4, 12S4, 12O2N2, 12O2S2, 12N2S2) were calculated by HF/STO-6G and HF/6-31G level of theory. The energies were calculated by single-point MP2 method using polarized 6-31G basis functions. The potential energy surface and HOMO-LUMO of these ligands indicate a remarkable change in electron density of 12O4 when nitrogen and sulfur atoms replaced the oxygen atoms which result in a major change in their ion selectivity toward transition (Co2+ , Ni2+ , Cu2+ , Rh2+ , and pd2+ ) and lanthanide (Nd2+ , Sm2+ , Eu2+ , Tm2+ , Yb2+ ) ions . The free ligands 12N4 and I2N2S2 were unstable in gas phase through g

Remote sensing techniques have been used to measure the changes of Iraqi
Marshland's area as well as the changes in the spectral reflectivity of types covered
in the Marshland (water, soil and plants). This study comprises the main three
Marshes in southern Iraq (Huwyizamarsh, Central Marshes and Hammar marsh).
Satellite images of the satellite Terra-Modis on 15/1/2009, 20/4/2009, 21/8/2009 and
7/11/2009 have been selected in order to study the seasonal changes on the marshes
took place during 2009. Result of supervised classification indicated presence on six
land cover classes in marshes.The study shows that the dry soil reflectivity wasn’t
obviously influenced by the climatic factors and that

As a new and promising technology, wireless sensor networks (WSN) plays an
essential part in a large number of modern applications. Wireless Sensor Networks
comprised of small, simple, and inexpensive wireless devices – the so-called sensor
nodes. ZigBee technology provides the framework required to support wireless
networks and fills the gap between the IEEE 802.11 WiFi and IEEE 802.15
Bluetooth standards in terms of transmission range and data rates. Generally ZigBee
classified as a low-rate wireless personal area network (LR-WPAN) technology.
This paper concerns with the use of WSN in one of many applications which it is
patient monitoring. It performs patient monitoring system using ZigBee WS

The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) provides a potential technique for
monitoring the indoor environment. The proposed system consists of several
wireless sensor nodes that are deployed in a building in addition to a local server
hosting web base application for storing sensing data. The widely adopted standard
for wireless sensor network platform is the IEEE 802.15.4/ ZigBee. It is considered
as the “technology of choice” due to low-power, cost-effective communication and
the reliability it provide. This paper will simulate and explore the performance of
ZigBee using OPNET Modeler 14.5. The paper will study and analyze various
parameters that include changing the network topology, number of node

The aim of this research study soil salinity and soil degradation with using data
remote sensing (RS) and Geographic information system (GIS), with using program
(Arc GIS). The integration of data led to dividing the soil salinity map, and soil
degradation. In this research we made group of shape files (geologic, drainage)
depending on a group of maps(geologic, topographic), and use Image
Transformational on satellite images taken different times for this study for reach to
salinity soil map by using (Erdas image 9.1)
At the end of the research we pointed out the causes of soil degradation and
salinization in the study area.

In this research we study the effect of the light distribution on the quality of
captured images under different amount of lightness conditions then enhancing the
captured images by the imaging system using an adaptive histogram equalization
method and Lee method depending on the space YIQ depending on lightness
component where use the reverse of this space to the basic RGB color space, then
corrected using the mathematical model based on human vision system. The results
were analyzed and compute the quality of the enhancement images by using various
statistical criteria based on the mean and standard deviation. Adaptive histogram
equalization technique gives a high quality for the enhanced images

In this paper, an adaptive selective predictive coding method is proposed for
intraframe coding techniques. The adopted techniques overcome the complexity
residual ideal case (i.e., residual does not become random noise) where the residual
still suffers from the existence of redundancy. The suggested techniques attempt to
sift over any redundancy embedded in the residual where the quality improves than
that of traditional predictive coding, selective predictive coding and of fixed
predictor coding.

With the rapid vehicle volume growth on roads, the performance of urban road
traffic systems is a major concern to transportation planners, road users, and all
members of the urban community. The evaluation of the performance measures
relies on the accuracy and reliability of the collected traffic data.
This study investigates traffic speed measurement using GPS technique for parts of
Al-Karada Khareeg road by identify the congested segments. The collected GPS
points were mapped to the highway using "Arc Map 10" program in a GIS
environment. Travel time, speed and congestion index values were measured along
selected highway segments for evaluating the traffic condition of the highways. The
ben

This study aimed to build data base of the morphometric properties in the
Udhaim basin , through analyzing the digital elevation model ( DEM ) by using a
model in a geographical information systems programs , which integrated together
in order to obtain the morphometric variances & measurements. This is done to
understand its hydrologic significances & consequently understanding the water
movement on the surface of the base. The study depended on the data of the digital
elevation model accurately 30 m while the results gave a good matching with the
Satellite images. Moreover, the study shows that the form of the catchment's areas is
closed to the triangle while the main basin does not close

In order to classify a image texture it must be segmented into a number of
regions. each region have the same properties. a circular mask has been used. after
the required region is obtained a intensity histogram and then as set of histogram
features has been calculated in order to classify the required images.
The statistical features of a mammogram are extracted using image processing
techniques. The extracted statistical features are the mean, standard deviation,
smoothness, third moment uniformity and entropy for each of the histogram
intensity and first order statistic a compare between the two

LandSat Satellite ETM+ images have been analyzed to detect changes in
Euphrates river boundaries area at the middle of Iraqi country from the year 1990 to
the year 2001. Changes are determined by applying the rationing method on the
bands 3 and 5 then using Raster to Vector (R V)Transform method .GIS 9.1 program
is used to apply the rationing method and Raster to Vector (R V)Transform
technique then determined the results (changes in boundaries area were calculated).

Studies within the last two decades have pointed out the importance of remote
sensing techniques to deduct soil properties. These techniques showed promising
results as a suitable alternative with lowest cost in compare with other methods used
to measure soil characteristics (10). The aim of this study is to test the relationship
between landsat (ETM + sensor) data and infiltration rate and saturated hydraulic
conductivity of soils with ten different selected soil units. These soils which have
variations in geomorphology and soil characteristics are located at the north of Kut
city (Middle part of Iraq to the left of Tigris river). Statistical Analyses were
performed and statistical models were bui