Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a widely studied neurotrophins found throughout the mammalian central nervous system. These neurotrophins regulate numerous aspects of neuronal and oligodendroglia development and function, including axonal growth, synaptic plasticity, differentiation, proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. Brain-derived neurotrophic factors have a significant impact on neurodegenerative disorders, synaptic plasticity, and the formation and maintenance of a normal brain circuit. Precise regulation of Brain-derived neurotrophic factor concentrations, including their controlled release at the transcriptional and translational levels, is essential for the correct functioning of the central nervous system. This review pr

The integration of Artificial Intelligence into medical education is a newly emerging and promising strategy that transforms the outlook of the learning process. This continuously evolving technology influences various aspects of medical education, including curriculum design, learning, and assessment. This editorial will discuss how AI is reshaping all aspects of medical education, highlighting challenges and issues, including bias, data governance, and excessive dependence on technology that may be encountered. 

Background: This study investigated the immunohistochemical expression of hormone receptors (ER, PR, HER2, Ki-67) and tumor suppressor genes (PTEN, p53) in women with breast cancer from Erbil, Iraq, focusing on how these expressions relate to patient age.

Subjects and Methods: Between April and October 2024, 120 female breast cancer patients took part in a cross-sectional study. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of PTEN, p53, ER, PR, HER2, and Ki-67.

Results: Age was significantly positively correlated with PTEN loss, which was shown in 86.7% of patients (p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a positive connect

Immune indices such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are widely used to monitor patients on immune checkpoint inhibitors, yet their interpretation rarely consider time-of-day biology. This perspective proposes a circadian framework in which sampling time and treatment timing shape baseline values, short-term fluctuations, and prognostic thresholds. Drawing on clinical observations across lungs, renal, and other tumors, I outline how morning versus afternoon therapy and corticosteroid administration may differentially modulate NLR trajectories and toxicity and introduce practical steps for time-adjusted reporting: record clock time, analyze intra-patient trends, and compare like-for-like time windows. Integrating chronobiology

This study investigates the impact of agricultural investment policy—represented by agricultural loans and investment allocations—on rice crop production in Iraq over the period 2003–2023, employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. Using time-series econometric analysis, the study confirms a short-term positive and statistically significant effect of financial support on rice output, while revealing statistically insignificant long-term effects. The presence of a cointegration relationship suggests long-term equilibrium between agricultural policy variables and rice production. However, the absence of causality in the Yamamoto-Toda test implies that structural and institutional inefficiencies may dilute the long-term i

This study was aimed to investigate a comprehensive methodology and its ensuing results for identifying potential sites for wind power plants (WPPs) and solar photovoltaic plants (SPVPs) across Tunisia, a crucial step given the significant long-term investment these plants entail. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) integrated with Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) and underpinned by the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), this research meticulously weighs and maps various site-specific criteria essential for site suitability assessment. The results indicate that approximately 1183 km² (1.8% of Tunisia's total area) and 2533 km² (3.7%) are optimally suited for large-scale SPVPs and WPPs, respectively. the prime locat

This study was aimed to investigate response of two sweet corn hybrids to bacterial biofertilizers and spraying with Mg⁺² and Ca⁺² and their impact on the yield during fall season 2021 and spring season 2022, CASH seeds (H1) and ROI SOLEIL seeds (H2) were planted in pots, when they reached 2-3 leaves treated with four treatments which included without biofertilizer (B0), with Azospirillum brasilense (B1) with Pseudomonas fluorescens (B2) and the interaction with Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens (B3) then transferd to the field, and sprayed the seedling which included without spraying (N0), spraying with Mg⁺⁺ a

This study was aimed to demonstrate effect of adding some Bio-fertilizers,Nile flower peat fertilizer and spraying with its extract on growth and yield of potato, Tow field experiment at spring and fall season2022 was carried out Horticulture Development Station  in the kut district of the Directorate of Agriculture ofWasit Governorate The experiment was implemented using factorial arrangement (4×3×2) within randomized complete block design with three replicates, The  First factor included the addition of biofertilizers (M) ,which is M₀-without adding , M₁- added the Mycorrhizae

This study was aimed to conduct one of the vertical garden systems , selecting suitable plant species that with stand the climate conditions of Baghdad city in outer space to determine the appropriate growing medium for the (LWS), and to assess the impact of spraying with potassium silicate on the resistance of the cultivated plants to heat stresses . The study carried out at at Al-Batool Park of (Al-Kadhimiya Holy City). Two experiments were carried out, each one with a different plant species, including Wedelia trilobata and Tradescantia pallida, during the winter season of 2021 and summer season of 2022. The experiments were designed using a split block design. The experiments included two factors, the first

This study was carried out to compare the effects of intravaginal FGA sponges to synchronize estrus on reproductive performance of the Karadi and Arabi ewes , 30 for each breed at 2-4 years during the breeding season were used. Ewes from each breed were equally and randomly distributed into three groups. The first group was treated with vaginal sponges saturated with (40 mg) of FGA within a period of 14 days (T1). The second group administrate with the FGA and is injected with a dose of 400 IU of the PMSG hormone  (T2). The third group treated with a dose of 0.5 ml/head of PGF2α hormone (T3)  on the day of sponge removal, was injected at. The result of the study showed a non-significant increase in the estrous rate, fe

This study was conducted at the poultry Farm / Animal production department, Collage of Agricultural Engineering Science / University of Baghdad, during the period form 8-3-2014 to 19-4-2014 to evaluation of supplementing different levels of turmeric (curcuma Longa) Powders to Broiler diets on economic indicator and histological measurement of intestine. One hundred and twelve unsexed broiler chicks (Ross 308), one day, 41g its initial body weight. The birds were randomly distributed among Four treatments, each treatment contained 28 birds, with two replicates and each replicate contained 14 birds. The chicks of first treatment (T1) control without supplement, while T2, T3 and T4 treatment were fed a standard diet for broilers in

This study aims to obtain information on the reproductive biology of these species, especially on sex ratio, fecundity, ovarian development, and breeding season. The study was conducted from August 2022 to July 2023 on every full moon with the highest tide in the estuary of Bengawan Solo River, East Java, Indonesia. The obtained samples were placed in the freezer and identified, and a dissection was performed to observe the gonads. There were 617 crabs with an average sex ratio of 1 male to 1.9 females. Mean fecundity of V. litterata was 45350±3182 egg/individual. In each sampling period, there were always females that were maturing gonads. The ovaries of females during the study were the early developed (stage III), la

This study aimed to investigate a new evaporation technique of essential oils; EOs (oregano, Lemongrass and bergamot essential oils) are in product called Fumite^®Aroma. The study included 3 immunological parameters namely immunoglobulin A (IgA), interferon gamma (INF-γ), and newcastle disease (ND) antibody titer (Ab) as well as to compare between aerosol and ocular routes for ND vaccine. The study was designed as follow : {G1: is positive control given EOs(6g) only; G2: given Eos (6g) with ND vaccine by aerosol route; G3: given EOs (6g) with ND vaccine by ocular route; G4: given ND vaccine by aerosol route only; G5: given ND vaccine by ocular route only; G6: is negative control with no evaporation or vaccination}. Le

A study was conducted to evaluate the quality of Diyala River water with some heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd), Boron and their effect on pollution of agricultural soil surrounding river that is irrigated with river water. Nine areas located on river within Al-Jisr district of Al-Madain district, southeast of Baghdad Governorate / Iraq, were selected, namely Umm Al-Ubaid, Al-Uwaija, Al-Khafaji, Al-Kargouliya, Jurf Al-Naddaf, Al-Samadiyah, Abu Thila, Al-Arifiyah, Al-Tuwaitha, and northern shores of Salman Pak, for comparison purposes. Water samples were taken for three months during summer (June, July, and August) and three months during the winter (January, February, and March) of 2024, and average values ​​for two seasons were

تعد الثنائيات الضدية من المواضيع التي أثارة جهد الباحثين والعلماء في الأدب العربي قديمًا وحديثًا، وأخذت بعدًا أدبيًا ونقديًا على حدٍ سواء، لما لها من قيمة فلسفية تبان فيها براعة الشعراء وقيمة نتاجهم الأدبي، ومن هذا المنطلق عمدنا في بحثنا هذا على رصد ثنائية الشباب/ الشيب في شعر  علي بن الحسن  الباخرزي وكيف استطاع توظيف هذا الثنائية ببراعة شعرية متفردة ورصانة اسلوبية عالية، وعملنا على إيراد النصوص الأك

شهدت سوريا اولى محاولاتها لوضع أسس النظام البرلماني وتفعيل دوره في الحياة عامة في آواخر العشرينيات من القرن الفائت، وتحديداً في عهد الانتداب الفرنسي (1920-1946)، ومع ذلك لم تدخر سلطات الانتداب جهداً في التدخل في الشأن البرلماني السوري وجعله فاقداً لأي سلطة حقيقية، وما أن استقلت سوريا حتى وقعت تحت رحمة الانقلابات العسكرية (1949-1954)، والتي واجهت هي الأخرى البرلمانات المنتخبة بالحديد والنار، بحسب مصالحها دون النظر

  يعد اقتصاد الارجوارني ( البنفسج ) احد انواع الاقتصاد الذي يعد ركيزة اساسية لنمو الاقتصادي الدول كافة ، و يشير اليه الاقتصاد المدمج باثقافة كما يشير لون البنفسج للابداع ومنه جاءت التسمية ، ظهر اول مرة في فرنسا 2011 ومنها بدء الاهتمام بهذا النوع من الاقتصاد في كافة الدول منها اللمملكة العربية السعودية بعدها دولة نفطية وذات اقتصاد ناشئ تحاول الانفتاح و التوسع في كافة مجالات التنمية و التطوير الاقتصا

     يعد العنف من أولى مظاهر السلوك التي عرفتها المجتمعات البشرية. لكنه عرف ارتفاعا كبيرا خلال العقود الأخيرة، ولا يكاد يخلو مجتمع من بعض أشكاله التي عرفتها المجتمعات منذ زمن قديم، إلا أن بعض أسبابه مرتبط ببعض خصائص المجتمع الحديث. خصوصا تلك التي تبدو أنها تعبير عن الضغوطات و مشاعر الإحباط و القهر. وتعد حماية المرأة من العنف الحجر الاساس الذي يمكن البناء عليه لوقايتها من التمييز والاضطهاد والنهوض ب

يعتبر هذا العمل محاولة جادة لتقديم قراءة نقدية لواقع علم الاجتماع في الجزائر، خاصة وأنه يوظف المعطى التاريخي الذي أنتج علم اجتماع جزائري أو علم اجتماعي حمل خصوصية فكرية جزائرية مختلفة إلى حد كبير عن الممارسات الفكرية العربية معرفة ومعطا واقعيا وفقا لسياق سياسي، اجتماعي، ثقافي، وديني، حيث ميّز بداياته صراع هوياتي بين فئتين تواجدتا في نفس الفضاء الجغرافي لتأتي لحظة استقلال تزامنت مع محاولات علمية مباشرة أو

هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن مدى تحقيق كتاب علم الأحياء للصف الثالث المتوسط في العراق لنتاجات التعلم من وجهة نظر مدرسي المادة؛ ولتحقيق الهدف من الدراسة تم أعداد أستبانة تكونت من (27) فقرة بتدرج ثلاثي, توزعت على أربع مجالات (المحتوى, الأهداف, الوسائل التعليمية, والتقويم). ويمثل مجتمع الدراسة عينتها المتيسرة والبالغة (80) مدرساً ومدرسة, يدرسون مادة الأحياء في ممثلية تربية الأنبار في محافظة السليمانية . وأظهرت النتائ

In Baghdad governorate, samples of dried birds waste were obtained from poultry cages for investigate the of the presence of fungi. There was a high proportion of Candida spp., Rhodotorula spp. and filamentous fungi that obtained from the dry droppings. Al samples gave a positive results included 177 isolates, these isolates includes different Candida species 62 isolates (35.02%), Rhodotorula spp. 28 isolates (15.81%), and the following filamentous genera: Aspergillus spp. 50 isolates (28. 24%), (A. niger 20 isolate, A. flavus 18 isolate, A. fumigatus 12 isolate), Penicillium spp. 11 isolates (6.21%) and Mucor spp. 26 isolate (14.68%). The inhibitory effect of the used detergents (with concentration of 10-1 mg/ml.( was ranged from 35 mm

     In this paper, two different chaotic dynamic systems are coupled using a semiconductor laser to produce a new chaotic system. These two chaotic systems are Rossler and Chua systems. X-dynamic of Rossler system was coupled optically using optical fiber as a carrier of signal with x, y, and z-dynamics of Chua system. The results were analyzed and the behavior of Chua system was found to be changing in time series which, in turn, changed the attractor. The Chua attractor was converted from double scroll to single scroll. The results obtained from connecting two different systems in chaotic behavior showed a remarkable increase in the bandwidth of Chua system. This increase in bandwidth opens up a wide field for many

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Four hundred and seventy eight gravity base stations in Iraq were used to obtain a new local theoretical gravity equation. The obtained equation was used to construct a Bouguer anomaly map of Iraq depending on the available gravity base stations. This map was compared with the Bouguer map constructed for the same stations using the international formula (1930). Good similarity in shapes and locations of the anomaly were observed, while the   gravity anomaly values in the new map were increased by about 30 mGal. The eastern zero gravity contour line of the new obtained gravity map coincides with the western  boundary of the tectonic Mesopotamian zone, while the main negative  gravity values coincide with the Mesopotami

     Carbon Monoxide (CO) has a significant indirect effect on greenhouse gasses due to its ozone and carbon dioxide precursor, and its mechanism of degradation involving the hydroxyl radical (OH) which control the oxidizing ability of the tropospheric. To understand the effect of human activities on atmospheric composition, accurate estimates of the sources of atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO) are necessary. MOPITT (Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere) is a NASA Terra satellite instrument designed to allow both Thermal-Infra-Red (TIR) and Near-Infra-Red (NIR) observations to be used to collect vertical CO profiles in the Troposphere via the concept of correlation spectroscopy. The objective of the current stu