An experiment was conducted in pots under field conditions during fall seasons of 2017 and 2018. This study aimed to improve a weak growth of seedlings under salt stress in sorghum. Three factors were studied. 1st factor was three cultivars (Inqath, Rabeh, and Buhoth70). 2nd factor was seed priming (primed and unprimed seed). Seed were primed by soaking for 12 hours in a solution containing 300 + 70 mg L−1 of gibberellic (GA3) and salicylic (SA) acids, respectively. 3rd factor was irrigation with saline water (6, 9 and 12 dS m−1) resulting from dissolving sodium chloride in distilled water in addition to control treatment (distilled water). Randomized complete block design was used with four replications. In both seasons: the results sh

Abstract

     The development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is related mostly to their use, overuse, or misuse. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) refers to the interventions designed to measure and improve the appropriate use of antimicrobials by promoting the selection of the optimal antimicrobial drug, dose, duration of therapy, and route of administration. Community pharmacists are key health-care professionals for any AMS programs due to their role in dispensing of antimicrobials. This study aimed to evaluate the practices and perception of Iraqi community pharmacists regarding AMS. The present study was a cross-sectional online survey study that was conducted anonymously during two mont

Abstract

Olanzapine (OLZ) is classified as a typical antipsychotic drug utilized for treatment of schizophrenia, it possesses poor oral bioavailability (60%) due to low solubility and first-pass hepatic metabolism. Hence, the aim of present work is to fabricate and evaluate an olanzapine nanoparticle dissolved microneedles for transdermal delivery to overcome the problems that associated with drug orally, in addition to the ease of administering the medication for schizophrenic patients. Nanoprecipitation method was employed for preparation of olanzapine nanoparticles by using different polymers with various ratios.  Nanoparticles were evaluated by several characterization studies such as particle size, poly

Risperidone is atypical antipsychotic agent used mainly in treating schizophrenia, it is classified as class II in BCS classification. Nanovesicular system may provide a circumvent to these hurdles. The aim of this study is to develop a physical stable nanovesicular system with improved characteristics by addition of dicetyl phosphate at various concentrations as charge inducing agent.

The preparation method was ecofriendly direct sonication. Span 60, cholesterol and drug at a fixed amounts were added to different concentrations of dicetyl phosphate ((0,3,6,12,18, and 24mg)/10 mL) to give six formulations, the final mixtures were added to phosphate buffer saline pH 7.4 and sonicated at 60°C without usage of organic solvents along

Apium graveolens has been utilized for a multitude of purposes due to its diverse pharmacological characteristics. On the other hand, little is known about how the fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated) terpenes and steroids found in Iraqi Apium graveolens affect the human cancer cells. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Iraqi Apium graveolens petroleum ether extract on the human prostate cancer cell line (PC3). Subsidiary extraction and phytochemical analysis by GC/MS were performed.The dry and fresh aerial parts (leaves and stem) of Apium graveolens were extracted using a Soxhlet device with 70 % ethanol, then fractionated with petroleum ether. Then Gas Chromatography System was used to identify the bioactive comp

       In this study, a series of compounds (B1-B10) containing the (OR-) bond were prepared from nucleophilic substitution reaction of the Schiff base compound containing the (OH) group with different halides (alkyl halides, benzyl halides, benzoyl halides, sulfonyl halides) using the Williamson method. The prepared compounds were identified by FTIR, ¹HNMR, and ¹³CNMR, then their effectiveness was evaluated against positive and negative gram bacterial and fungal and compared with two standard references (Ciprofloxacin ,Clotrimazole ). Overall , some of prepared compounds showed inhibition zone against Gram-positive and negative bacteria, and some compounds did not show

Bacterial infections are ongoing challenging due to resistance developed by infectious bacteria. So that many researches targeting designing new antibacterials are published annually. Heterocycles are important field in organic synthesis due to their biological activities. Because of their important and considerable pharmacological activities; 1,3-benzothiazole derivatives had received special attention. The purines nucleus are present in several compounds that possess a wide  range of  biological activities such as antiviral, antifungal, antitumor and antibacterial activities. Hybridization-combing two pharmacophores to form one molecule-is usual method in designing new drugs. The new derivatives of 6-mercaptopurine with 1,3-b

         Doxorubicin is a chemotherapeutic agent belonging to the anthracyclines that are used for the treatment of a wide variety of malignancies, however, it is correlated with serious cardiotoxicity, Hidrosmin is a synthetic flavonoid derived from hesperidin, diosmin which has pleiotropic effects including anti-ischemic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Vitamin C is a water-soluble may reduce the risks of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and stroke. Forty-five mature male rats their prime weight from 250-280 gm were divided into five groups; Group 1:  control group, where rats were injected intraperitoneally with (1ml/kg) of normal saline ever

          Liver injury can arise post-exposure to drugs or their metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements^. Tamoxifen is a famous drug used in breast cancer treatment. Long-term tamoxifen treatment has been associated with the development of hepatotoxicity. Oxidative stress, fatty changes, and inflammation are the major implicated mechanisms contributing to tamoxifen hepatotoxicity including the iNOS-mediated inflammatory pathway in addition to standard hepatotoxicity biomarkers like alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Nebivolol is a third-generation selective beta1-adrenergic receptor blocker with vasodilator characteristics with significant antio

The first disease-modifying drug for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) was interferon beta 1b (IFN).this drug demonstrated efficacy in relapse MS, But There are many difficulties in treating multiple sclerosis, including the well-known side effect of betaferon(hepatotoxicity or liver injury), which present as brief, mild elevations in serum aminotransferase (ALT,AST) levels appear 3 to 12 months after starting treatment. A naturally occurring antioxidant is quercetin which act as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory agent , it also have antiviral, anticancer and cardiovascular   properties.The study aimed to investigate the apoptotic potential of betaferon on liver cells and to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of the anti

Abstract

The family Anacariaceae, which includes the species Rhus coriaria L., is a widely recognised spice often known as Sumac. It is classified within the Rhus genus and boasts a diverse range of over 250 species. Sumac is an abundant and naturally occurring botanical resource that possesses a diverse array of bioactive chemicals, hence rendering it highly versatile in terms of its potential therapeutics. The literatures indicate that it comprises many metabolites, such as hydrolysable tannins, minerals, and conjugated phenolic acids. Sumac has significant antioxidant activities attributed to the presence of phenolic components, specifically gallic acid and its derivatives. Sumac is commonly e

The antihypertensive medication olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) is pharmacologically selective  angiotensin-II receptor antagonist. Pharmaceutically speaking, OLM is a class II medication (low solubility, high permeability) that is practically insoluble.Due to its extremely poor solubility, which negatively affects its usefulness, oral medication have a low (26%) bioavailability. The current strategy involves generating OLM as a micellar dispersion in the nano range scale utilizing the film hydration process. In order to prepare transparent aqueous formulations, increase drug solubilization, and administer medication orally, Soluplus (SLP) was employed as a micellar nanocarrier.Different SLP concentrations were used to make eight formula

A series of new imides compounds[1-4] were synthesized from reaction of tetrachlorophthalic anhydride or nitro phthalic anhydride or malic anhydride or Succinic anhydride  with  4-amino benzene thiol under fusion conditions. Chloroacetic acid has been added after compounds [1-4] reacted with distilled H₂O and Na₂CO₃, producing compounds [5-8]. In benzene, compounds [5-8] also interacted with the thionyl chloride to produce [9-12]. Poly (vinyl alcohol) was chemically modified by reacting PVA with compounds [9-12] and dimethyl formamide to produce compounds [13-16]. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are mixed with modified PVA [13-16] to create nanocomposites [17-20]. Spectral and analytical data f

Abstract

      A thin film refers to a pliable polymer layer, with or without a plasticizer, that has been observed to enhance the onset of medicine action, reduce dosing frequency, and enhance the efficacy of drugs. One such technique involves the utilization of polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) in the preparation of films. This work concerned with studying variables affecting the preparation of topical film for penciclovir using PEC of chitosan and acacia. In this study, Skin bioadhesive polymeric films were fabricated using a solvent casting approach, using acacia gum and chitosan as the main components. The resulting films were further examined to evaluate their features and drug relea

Despite decades of advanced medical study, extracts from coniferous plants have recently been found to be effective against tumor disorders. One of the most prevalent cancers in the world is lung cancer in which every two and a half minutes, lung cancer is discovered in the world. Portulacaria afra Jacq. (spekboom or pork bush) is a medicinal plant belonging to the family of Didieraceae, that contains (7) genera and (20) species .The plant's historical advantages and mythical significance include the usage as a diuretic, for sores, for persistent rash, for heartburn, and for rheumatism. Additionally, it has been claimed that P. afra exhibits antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant anti-inflammatory and cancer-pr

The aim of this research is to prepare a set of complexes with the general formula [M(HMB)n] , where M=VO (II) , Cr(III) and Cu(II) while  n=2,3,2 respectively resulting from the reaction of anew ligand [N'-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-4-methylbenzohydrazide] (HMB) derived from the reaction of the tow substances (4-methylbenzohydrazide  and 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde) with metal ions. The prepared compounds were identified by several spectroscopic methods such as Infrared, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Electronic Spectra. From the results of the measurements, it was suggested that the prepared complexes have different geometries such as square planar (Cu), square pyramidal (VO) and octahedral (Cr). DFT simulations backed

               Pharmacovigilance (PhV) is the science that is essential for detecting, preventing and reducing the adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Its main goal is to ensure the safety of post-marketing medications. This study is designed to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of the pharmacy staffs (pharmacists and their assistants) toward PhV and ADRs reporting in the community pharmacies in Sulaimani City-Kurdistan Region-Iraq. The study designed as a cross-sectional face-to-face interview survey. A self-administered questionnaire was used in this study, the interviews were conducted from June to October 2022, a total of 141 pharmacists and their assistant

There are many causes of osteoporosis, and one of them is deficiency in vitamin D resulting from vitamin D receptor polymorphism. This polymorphism makes the bones and tissues that contain vitamin D receptors resistant to vitamin D and not getting enough concentrations. The aim of this study is to find the correlation between vitamin D receptor Taq1 (rs731236) gene polymorphism and bone turnover markers (procollagen-I and deoxypyridinoline) in postmenopausal osteoporotic women after taking a certain dose of vitamin D. Forty postmenopausal women were included who were diagnosed with osteoporosis according to WHO guidelines by taking bone mineral density measurements by DXA-scan. The participating patients received a vitamin D dos

Methamphetamine, known as crystal meth, is a potent psychostimulant frequently abused for recreational purposes. Despite its prevalence, methamphetamine abuse in Iraq remains insufficiently understood. The study aims to examine the characteristics of methamphetamine users in Iraq, encompassing socio-demographic factors, economic aspects, clinical presentations, co-occurring psychiatric conditions, and physical comorbidities. Patients were recruited from Baghdad Medical City and Ibn-Rushd Teaching Hospital. Comprehensive data were gathered on patient demographics, frequency of methamphetamine use, clinical manifestations, attempts at substance abstinence, associated psychosomatic disturbances, and potential triggering events leading to st

Econazole nitrate, a chemically produced triazole drug, is utilized to manage fungal keratitis. It has potent antifungal properties against many species; the readily available formula exhibits inadequate corneal permeability, visual aberrations, excessive tearing, dilution of tears, and leakage via the nasolacrimal duct. This research aimed to develop a polymeric micellar delivery system for econazole nitrate utilizing Poloxamer 407 (Pluronic F127) and Poloxamer 188 (Pluronic F68), with the intention of enhancing its solubility in aqueous environments and improving its penetration through the cornea. First, critical micelle concentration of P407 and P188 was measured using Iodine UV-absorption spectroscopic method. Polymeric micelles loa

Bacterial infections are ongoing challenging due to resistance developed by infectious bacteria. So that many researches targeting designing new antibacterials are published annually. Heterocycles are important field in organic synthesis due to their biological activities. On the other hand Schiff base are also possessing wide range of pharmacological activities. Hybridization-combing two pharmacophores to form one molecule-is usual method in designing new drugs. The new compounds [heterocycles-hydrazones] derivative were synthesized through multi-steps procedure and characterized by thin layer chromatography and spectroscopically by ATR-FTIR and ¹HNMR. Disk diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activities of

The treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia has witnessed substantial advancements by the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Oxidative stress has been proposed as potential mechanism for resistance to their action. Simultaneously, oxidative stress has a crucial role in hepatic diseases and hepatocytes damage. The study aims to investigate the serum levels and potential correlation of the advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), as indicator of oxidative stress, with some markers of liver function. A total of 76 chronic myeloid leukemia-chronic phase patients were enrolled in this transverse, single center study. The enrolled patients were grouped as these receiving imatinib, at an oral dose of 400 mg/ day, and these who failed