This study investigates the efficiency of three types of flat fan nozzles (blue, red, and brown) when operating with a boom sprayer under low-volume spraying conditions in the Gorno Botevo village area of Central Bulgaria. The experiment evaluated the sprayer's operational speed and working pressure across eight working regimes, focusing on the impact of speed and nozzle type on application performance. Statistical analyses, including univariate ANOVA and correlation analysis, revealed significant differences in performance among the nozzles. The blue, red, and brown nozzles achieved optimal performance at 8.5 km/h, 12 km/h, and 16 km/h, respectively, while maint

This study was conducted at two locations, Qlyasan Agricultural Research Station and Kanipanka Nursery Station, during the 2023–2024 winter season to investigate the effects of organic fertilizer and stubble height on forage yield attributes of grass pea genotypes. A split-split plot design was used with three factors: fertilizer application (F0= no fertilizer, F1= organic fertilizer), genotypes (G1: Local, G2: IGC-2011-62, G3: IGC-2011-35, G4: IGC-2011-9), and stubble height (SH1= 5cm, SH2 = 10cm). Fertilizer application significantly increased DFY in Kanipanka. Genotype significantly influenced most forage yield attributes, with G1 showing the highest values. Stubble height significantly affected GFY and DFY, particularly in

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of some hydrocolloids in improving the physical and sensory properties of gluten-free bread manufactured from millet flour. Whole grain millet flour (T2), whole grain millet flour with xanthan gum (T3), whole grain millet flour with guar gum (T4), unprocessed millet flour with extraction rate of (71%) with xanthan gum (T5), unprocessed millet flour with extraction rate of (71%) with guar gum (T6) ,were used  to prepare gluten free bread beside another treatment manufactured by the same ingredients with replacing the sugar by glycerol (T7).The wheat flour was used as standard (T1).  The results of the chemical composition showed that whole-grain Proso millet flour had hig

This study was aimed to investigate the occurrence of chloritization phenomenon in these soils. Three of these pedons were chosen in soil sites differing in their agricultural exploitation, which included: one pedon in an uncultivated soil at Daratw . While the second pedon was dug in soil exploited by the cultivation of  wheat at Bardarash . The third pedon was chosen as representative of a forest soil at Tawska Valley. Also, another two soil pedons were exposed to successive cycles of wet and dry, were chosen in Aski Kalak , and  Altun Kupri districts. All studied soils were examined by X-ray diffractions. Results showed the presence of Mica, Smectite, Real chlorite and Kaolinite mine

A study was conducted to evaluate the quality of Diyala River water with some heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd), Boron and their effect on pollution of agricultural soil surrounding river that is irrigated with river water. Nine areas located on river within Al-Jisr district of Al-Madain district, southeast of Baghdad Governorate / Iraq, were selected, namely Umm Al-Ubaid, Al-Uwaija, Al-Khafaji, Al-Kargouliya, Jurf Al-Naddaf, Al-Samadiyah, Abu Thila, Al-Arifiyah, Al-Tuwaitha, and northern shores of Salman Pak, for comparison purposes. Water samples were taken for three months during summer (June, July, and August) and three months during the winter (January, February, and March) of 2024, and average values ​​for two seasons were

A set of 60 samples were collected from different sources of multiple areas of Hyderabad (India) in order to select a local Escherichia coli isolates that have the ability to produce HSP70. 26 isolates were characterized after studied the morphological characteristics and microscopic properties of the isolates on macConkey agar and EMB recorded after 24hr. and grams staining was done. The isolated bacteria were screened for various biochemical tests to get 11 isolates that submitted for molecular identification, and the amplification of 16S rRNA regions using universal primer (16S rDNA) verified only 5 E. coli isolates which were sequenced and NCBI accession numbers were acquired. Five distinct isolates (RU-1, R

This research aimed to form a molecularly imprinted polymer by adding aluminum ion at the first step were to the allyl bromide monomer resulted was formation using bulk polymerization. To acquire the highest adsorption capacity, molar ratios of template, monomer, and cross-linking agent, as well as solvents and multiple monomers, were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the produced aluminum. the maximum adsorption capacity of Al-IIP were 0.1531 µmol/g and 0.2362 µmol/g respectively. aluminum adsorption followed a Langmuir isotherm model. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) syringe packed with ionic imprinted polymers (IIP) were used to selective separation and preconcentration for alu

By utilizing Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, the expressed recombinant HSP70 protein was purified, and the SDS-PAGE analysis was used to assess its purity. Purified recombinant HSP70 was used to immunize BALB/c mice, and this had a considerable impact on the anti-HSP70 antibody titers. The results of this study show that the adjuvanted hsp70 injected into the mice had a good immunogenic property. In this study, we measured the effects of HSP70 on catalase stability after exposure it to different range of temperature (40, 45, 50, 55, 60) ˚C, and found that the catalase kept its remaining activity% (99% and 17%) when incubating it in 40 and 60ºC respectively in the present of HSP70, compared to its remaining activity % without HS

This study was aimed to investigate  the micro-morphological characteristics of pollens and seeds for five species of the Brassicaceae family in Iraq belonging to the genus Lepidium, and  species of Lepidium sativum L., L.ruderale L. , L.perfoliatum L., L.aucheri Boiss, and L.latifolium L. The characteristics of the pollen grains included the shape of the grain, the length of the equatorial and polar axis, the distance between the two grooves and the groove  length , as well as the grain surface configuration. The seeds spherical in shape, while the other species were elongated in shape. As for the seeds, they were studied by the Dissect microscope and

This study aimed to investigate the impact of nine treatments on tomato plants and their planting location within a randomized complete block design. The treatments included gene silencing of the PL enzyme (RNAi-SlPL) and application of organic pectin and calcium to extend the marketability of tomato fruits and improve their quality. The RNAi-SlPL treatment outperformed others, revealed the lowest weight loss (41.4%) and highest firmness (4.89 kg·cm⁻²) after 36 days of cold storage, along with strong performance after 21 days at room storage (41.31% weight loss, 4.29 kg·cm⁻²). This was followed by CaP1P2 treatment, with 43.7% weight loss and 4.48 kg·cm⁻² firmness after 24 days of cold storage, and 45.87% weight loss w

This experiment was conducted at the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, during 2022 season to investigate the effect of spraying with melatonin, potassium sulfate, and organic zinc on the flowering and production stage, of 3-year old Kumquat saplings grafted onto lemon rootstock. The experiment was factorial within Randomized Completely Block Design using three replications. The factors of the experiment were foliar spraying with melatonin, potassium sulfate, and organic zinc. The treatments were applied at two times, spring and autumn. Each of the three factors independently influenced both the fruit characteristics and the concentration of c

This research was aimed to study the effect of soil application of Bio health and foliar application with Tecamin max and Benzyl adenine on leaves minerals content of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L.) seedlings during two successive seasons (2020 and 2021) using Randomized Complete Design with four replications. Bio health was added with three concentrations (0, 6 and 12 g.L^-1) to the soil and foliar application of Tecamin max with three concentration (0, 5 and 10 ml.L^-1) and Benzyl adenine with three concentration (0, 100 and 200 mg. L^-1) on the sweet orange seedlings which were brought from private nursery in Duhok city and have two- years old and almos

A hydroponic experiment was carried out at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad during the fall season of 2019-2020 in order to improve the quality traits of broccoli grown hydroponically under the modified Nutrient Film Technique (NFT), using an internationally approved standard solution and alternative solution, the plant was enriched with ozone and the foliar application of organic nutrients. The Hydroponic study included two experiments with the standard solution (Cooper's solution) and the alternative solution (ABEER). Both experiments were implemented within the Nested Design with three replications, and both included the gas type in the main plot, which were oxygen and ozone, while the s

This study was aimed to effect of spraying nano chitosan loaded with NPK and nettle leaf extracts and green tea on yield and its quality of potato for the spring and autumn seasons of 2021 in Al-Suwaira district of Wasit Governorate, It was conducted as a factorial experiment (5 × 5) within randomized complete block design with three replicates. The first factor included spraying with four concentrations of Nano chitosan loaded with NPK fertilizer at concentrations 0, 10. 15 and 20% in addition to chemical fertilization treatment, the second factor was spraying nettle leaf extract 25 and 35 gL^-1 and green tea extract at 2 and 4 g.L^-1, in addition to the control treatment, spraying with dist

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of propolis [(crud propolis and Water Ethanol Extract Propolis (WEEP)] as feed additive on biochemical and immunological in common carp Cyprinus carpio challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila. A total of 60 C. carpio, (75±10g) were randomly stocked into five treated groups in duplicate as follows: control group (C) fish were fed basal diet without any addition of propolis; T1 fish were fed basal diet supplemented with 10g/kg crud propolis; T2, T3 and T4 fish were fed WEEP at concentrations of 2g, 4g and 8 g/kg diet.Results indicated that The highest albumin content was found in T1 which showed a significant increase (P≤0.5) compared to C+

The current study was aimed to ascertain the impact of ciprofloxacin, an acidifier acid, and a Bacillus subtilis on immunological function and growth efficiency after a starter-phase challenge with Salmonella pullorum. 250 broiler chicks (Ross 308) were put into five groups of fifty each, all groups except the fifth group, orally challenged with S. pullorum at one day old, and provided with a supplement in drinking water after three days as follow G1: treated with B. subtilis (2×10⁷ CFU/g) (250 g/1000 L). G2: treated with acidifier acid (0.5-1 ml/L). G3: treated with ciprofloxacin 10% (0.5 ml/L). G4: only infected with S. pullorum. G5: control negative. Th

Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (M. ovipneumoniae) is a type of contagious bacteria have respiratory clinical signs; nasal mucinous discharge, sneezing, coughing, dullness, and in some cases with diarrhea and the necropsy findings represent lesions of pneumonia in different stages; pulmonary edema and hyperemia, consolidation, hemorrhage and hepatization.  that causes atypical pneumonia and pleuropneumonia in small ruminants, it is belongs to a group of bacteria named Mollicutes which characterized by its minute genome size and perpetually devoid of the cell wall. The aim of studies indicates the bacterial, molecular, immunopathological and immunohistochemical investigation in sheep with two experimental routs of infection in two p

This study aimed to assess the role of kaolin in reducing the adverse effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosain common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Specifically, the histopathological alterations in kidney, spleen and liver were investigated.   Firstly, P. aeruginosa was isolated from infected fish. A total of 100 fish (40.8 ± 2 g)were divided into five groups in duplicate (10 fish in each replicate) as:control healthy (C-) group uninfected and without kaolin treatment; (C+): fish were infected with P. aeruginosa and without kaolin treatment. Group T1,   T2 and T3 fish were infected experimentally with P. aeruginosa (LD₅₀₌ 2±0.2×10⁹ CFU ml^-1),

The study objects were to assess  Enterococcus faecalis  prevalence in milk from mastitis infected cows, and access their antibiotic resistance as well as investigate their resistance genes. A total of 300 samples were tested during the period from February to May in 2022. The results of initial examination showed that only 81 isolates as E. species according to phenotypic criteria. Confirmatory test was conducted, the results showed that only 25 isolates by 8.3% E.faecalis isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility test indicated high levels of contamination with multi-drug resistant E.faecalis

This research aims to determine the effects and limitations of using B. purpurea in complete feed on the performance of male Kacang goats. The study involved sixteen male Kacang goats aged 10-12 months with a weight range of 12-14 kg. The research method employed a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and four replications, consisting of T0: G. sepium 30% + Natural grass 38% + Rice bran 7% + Milled corn 24,8% + Mineral mix 0,2% (control); T1: G. sepium 30% + Natural grass 38% + Rice bran 6,5% + Milled corn 22,8% + Mineral mix 0,2% + B.

This study was carried out to identify the effect of the quantitative trait loci (QTL) region on some productive and physiological traits of Iraqi chickens. One hundred five and ten-week-old laying hens were used and bred in individual sages from sexual maturity to 100 days of production. Blood samples were collected from the brachial vein for DNA extraction and serum isolation, and then polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was done to determine the target region of the QTL. Two groups were obtained: the first had a PCR product with band 294 bp denoted (P) and the second had no PCR product denoted (NP). The P group had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on egg weight at the second stage of the study amounted 48.23 gm. and a significan

This study was conducted to investigate the polymorphism of ACTN3/EXON-19 gene and their relationship the performance of local horses in Iraq. This study was carried out at the Iraqi Equestrian Club (15 km west from Baghdad city center) period during d from 1 February to 30 December 2022, to investigate the gene polymorphism of ACTN3 region EXON-19 and their relationship with performance of local horses in Iraq. Were found three variants (3 SNPs) in the ACTN3 gene - exon 19 and in different locations, namely rs1148960207, whose genotypes were CC, CT, and TT, as their distribution rates were significantly different (P≤0.05).

This study was conducted to detecting the FASN gene polymorphism and its relationship to daily milk yield (DMY), lactation period, and milk composition in addition to polymorphism distribution and allele frequency in 52 Awassi ewes and their lambs. It was carried out from 5/1/2022 to 30/10/2022 at the Sheep Farm of the Al-Fayhaa station in the Jableh sub-district / Al-Musaib project (55 km south of Baghdad), in addition to the Biotechnology Laboratory at the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences/University of Baghdad. Three polymorphism appeared in this variant (A>G SNP), which are AA, AG, and GG, with the percentages of 63.46, 32.69, and 3.85%, respectively. The variation among them were highly significant (P≤0.

This study was aimed to evaluate detection of T. gondii in blood DNA based on the B1 gene and serologically, also to investigate the effect of some risk factors (sex, ages, breeds and flocks). A total of 190 goats were included. The blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein and subjected to nested PCR (nPCR) and Elisa for detection of T. gondii. The results obtained that the prevalence was 24.21% by nPCR and 46.31% by ELISA with significant differences. The degree of agreement between nPCR and ELISA was a slight (Kappa=<

This study was conducted to estimate (Co) variance components of a sexual and egg production traits in Iraqi brown local chickens. Data on 2234 pedigreed hens for successive six generations of selection for high egg production during the first 24 weeks of laying were used. Data of first egg weight (FEWT), body weight at sexual maturity (BWSM), age at sexual maturity (ASM), egg number (EN), egg weight (EW) and egg mass (EM) were recorded individually. The univariate and bivariate animal models under Average Information Restricted Maximum Likelihood (AI-REML) were applied to estimate the variance component and the BLUP breeding values. The average of the traits mentioned above was 35.7g, 1489.59g, 149.31d, 109.32 egg/hen, 44.80g an

This study aimed to examine how including dietary dried rosemary leaves (DRL) of Holstein bulls affects methane production and certain rumen fluid characteristics in vitro. Rumen fluid was obtained from newly slaughtered calves and used in two separate trials: one for gas production and another for digestion. In the trials, two diets were implemented. The first was the standard diet for bulls, consisting of a concentrate diet and alfalfa hay (control group). The second diet included the addition of 250 g DRL to the essential diet. There was a significant decrease (P≤0.01) in methane and N-NH3 production, as well as in the ratio between unsaturated fatty acids (USF) and saturated fatty acids in the rosemary group compar