Since the wake of postcolonial era in Africa, philosophers have unceasingly reflected on political ideas that can serve as harbinger for social transformation and development in Africa; from socialism, Marxism, welfarism, Pan-Africanism, Ubuntuism, to humanism. Odera Oruka is one of the foremost African philosophers whose thoughts on humanism and philosophy, though less known and controverted, entail some strategic directions for addressing the challenges of development in Africa. This paper seeks to interrogate Oruka’s understanding of humanism and philosophy in Africa in order to explore its functional relation to the question of development. Oruka conceives humanism as the ultimate moral standard, which involves the quality and secu

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تناقش هذه الدراسة العلاقات السياسية والتجارية بين صيارفة وتجار جنوا والعاهلية الإسبانية من آل هابسبورغ في النصف الأول من القرن السادس عشر، إذ كانت جنوا تمثل أنموذجاً للدولة المدينة من منظور مؤسساتي ومحمية إسبانية في إطار دراسة العلاقات الدولية، ولتسليط الضوء على مدى تطور تلك العلاقات وأثرها في تحقيق الاستقرار السياسي النسبي والنمو الاقت

يتناول البحث أسلوبية التشكيل الإيقاعي في قصيدة الرثاء لأحد الشعراء العراقيين المعاصرين , إِذ أخضع تلك الإسلوبية من خلال دراسة الإيقاع الداخلي والايقاع الخارجي , وبما أنّ شعر(رشدي العامل) الأعم منه شعر تفعيلة , لذا تباينت فيه البنية الإيقاعية ,وهذا الأمر يؤدي الى تباين الرؤى الإسلوبية الإيقاعية .  من هنا يمكن القول: إنّ الدراسات التي تناولت شعر رشدي العامل وأخص بالذكر قصائد الرثاء, لم تعط للشاعر حقه من حيث الد

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In this work 2- mercaptobenzothiazole ( 2-MBT ) and some of its derivatives(1, 14 ,27) were prepared by using home made Auto clave .The synthesis involve treatment of 2- MBT or some of its derivatives with chloro acetyl chloride to give 1- chloro acetyl -2- MBT or the corresponding derivatives (2,15,28) . the product was treated with phenyl hydrazine to give the phenyl hydrazide derivatives (3,16,29) . The new derivatives(4-13, 17-26,30-39) were synthesized by reaction of the phenyl hydrazide derivatives with different aromatic aldehydes in the presence of Acetic Acid . Structure of all the prepared compounds confirmation were proved using FTIR , elemental analysis (C .H .N .S ) in addition to melting points.

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In this paper, the time-fractional Fisher’s equation (TFFE) is considered to exam the analytical solution using the Laplace q-Homotopy analysis method (Lq-HAM)”. The Lq-HAM is a combined form of q-homotopy analysis method (q-HAM) and Laplace transform. The aim of utilizing the Laplace transform is to outdo the shortage that is mainly caused by unfulfilled conditions in the other analytical methods. The results show that the analytical solution converges very rapidly to the exact solution.

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder categorized hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of phosphate groups from ATP to the tyrosine residues of many important proteins resulting in proteins phosphorylation. The aim of current study was to evaluate serum levels of protein tyrosine kinase enzyme and thyroid hormone (T3, T4and TSH) and to find the correlation between them in type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy Iraqi patients. Methods: This study was conducted at The National Diabetes Center, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq and included 150 patients divided into three groups the first group included 50

Sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), a surfactant frequently incorporated into detergent formulations, typically ends up in wastewater treatment facilities after use. The present study aims to investigate the efficacy of bacteria isolated from Iraqi wastewater in removing SLES. Genetic analysis (16S rRNA) revealed that this strain is Klebsiella oxytoca. Three temperatures (30, 35 and 40) ^oC and pH values (5,7 and 9) were selected for this study, and three concentrations of SLES (25, 50, 100) mg/l were used. The SLES anionic surfactant demonstrated that the best biodegradation by Klebsiella oxytoca occurred at 30 ^oC and both pH 7 and 9, while the removal percentage for them was 98.32% and 95.4 %, res

High-purity Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were successfully synthesized using the pulse laser ablation technique. Low-power neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) laser was utilized as the energy source for the present study. A surface of a high-purity (99.95%) zinc plate submerged in 10 milliliters of water was exposed to a pulse laser beam of wavelength (λ=1064 nm), (τ= 9 ns). ZnO NPs in colloidal form were effectively synthesized. The characteristics of the nanoparticles were investigated using (XRD, SEM, Zeta Potential, and PL) approaches. XRD patterns revealed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of the nanoparticles. Was detected by XRD. The spherical form of the generated nanoparticle was seen in the SEM images of Zn

The importance of the research lies in preparing an experimental curriculum according to a scientific method that will contribute to the development of the special strength(endurance the strength of arms) in order to contribute to the attempt to develop the basic skills of the national team players ‏with the goal ball for the blind ‏As for the research problem, it lies in the weakness of the strength endurance of the national team players with the goal ball for the blind, as the research problem is clearly evident in the last minutes of the match, as well as the former studies in the field of goal ball game for the blind at the country level ‏The research aims to prepare special exercises for endurance of strength as well as t

In this paper, we offer and study a novel type generalized soft-open sets in topological spaces, named soft Æ„c-open sets. Relationships of this set with other types of generalized soft-open sets are discussed, definitions of soft Æ„ , soft bc- closure and soft bc- interior are introduced, and its properties are investigated. Also, we introduce and explore several characterizations and properties of this type of sets.

This hydrochemical study of the surface and groundwater in Khan AL-Baghdadi  area, western Iraq,  included the interpretation of physical, chemical, and biological properties. Water samples were collected from wells (14 samples) and surface water of Euphrates River (6 samples) for the dry and wet periods of October 2018 and April 2019, respectively. The stable isotopes analysis was performed for the dry period only. The surface water samples were characterized by slightly alkaline, fresh, excessively mineralized, Ca-chloride type, and hard to very hard water class. While the groundwater samples were characterized by slightly alkaline, brackish, excessively mineralized, Ca-chloride and Na-Chloride type, and hard to very hard wat

Background: The treatment of dental tissues proceeding to adhesive procedures is a crucial step in the bonding protocol and decides the clinical success ofrestorations. This study was conducted in vitro, with the aim of evaluating thenanoleakage on the interface between the adhesive system and the dentine treated by five surface modalities using scanning electron microscopy and energydispersiveX-ray spectrometry. Materials and methods: Twenty five extracted premolars teeth were selected in the study. Standardized class V cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces then the teeth divided into five main groups of (5 teeth in each group n=10) according to the type of dentine surface treatment that was used: Group (A): dentine was

تتناولُ هذه الدراسة (منهج التذوُّق الأدبي عند محمود شاكر ومحمد أبي موسى – قراءة نقدية) من خلال التعرُّف على أبرز دوافع التوجه لكل من هذين العلمين الجليلين إلى هذا المنهج الذي يكاد يُغاير كل المناهج الأدبية والنقدية والفكرية التي تناولتها الجامعة والمعاهد العلمية بتدريسها وتعليمها وتلقينها للطلاب جيلا بعد جيل، أيضا تكشف الدراسة عن أثر منهج محمود شاكر في تلاميذه بعامة، وفي الدكتور محمد أبي موسى بخ

يهدف البحث الى التعرف على مدى التباين بمؤشر التكافؤ للحالة التعليمية بين الزوجين في المحافظة والكشف عن الفجوة النوعية بينهما بمستوى التحصيل العلمي في محافظة الانبار ، واعتمدت الدراسة على المسح الميداني بواسطة 2030 استمارة، وزعت الكترونياً على اقضية المحافظة ، وتوصلت الدراسة الى ان مؤشر التكافؤ لم يكن لصالح الزوجة ، فارتفع المؤشر اكثر من 100 وبمستويات عالية للمستويات الدنيا من الحالة التعليمية (الامية ، يقرأ

الحمد لله الذي علَّمَ بالقلم , عَلَّمَ الإنسان مالم يعلم , والصلاة والسلام على خير البشر أجمعين , النبي الاعظم محمد وعلى آله وصحبه تسليماً كثيراً .

وبعد :

فأن الأصواتيين المحدثين اتخذوا منهجاً تفصيلياً في دراسة الأصوات اللغوية , يقوم على تقسيم الأصوات الى مجموعات صوتية , وقد اعتمدوا في تسميتها في الاغلب على مصطلحات علماء العربية القدماء من جهة المخرج أو الصفات ؛ وذلك لتيسير دراستها , وتحديد خصائصها الص

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The great challenge that will face the management in the developed and developing countries at the same time as core issue is represented in the question of the labor productivity in the field of in the Training Of human which is believed that it will prevail upon the jobs of their organization for many coming decades in in next years. Farther more, it will limit the construction of the communities and the quality of this life. Therefore, the priority of the economics of those countries will be headed toward increasing this productivity and giving it tried finally to control economically and managerially. In the light of information era, every organization should become knowledgeable enterprise. And for this reason, the achievement of su