لأقوال الفقهاء مكانة كبيرة في التشريع الإسلامي لما تمثله من اجتهاد معتبر ما دامت تلكم الأقوال مبنية على أدلة معتبرة يصح الاعتماد عليها في استنباط الاحكام الشرعية، وقد يحدث أن يتغير اجتهاد الفقيه فيفتي في مسألة بقول جديد مخالف لقوله السابق، وهنا يتبادر تساؤل عن مدى صحة العمل بالقول القديم ما دام اجتهاده قد تغير، ويأتي موضوع بحثي هذا دراسة وتحقيقاً لهذه الرسالة العلمية (العمل بقول الشافعي القديم) وهي من تألي

The current article focuses on studying the social organization reality of the Iraqi society; it aims to construct an Iraqi organized personality that believe in the principles of Islamic religion by making use of the sociology thoughts in explaining the strength of social organization, and the causes of social deviance in attempt of decreasing the deviance and strengthening the cohesion of Iraqi character.

The researchers put forward some questions: to what extent the western theoretical pattern can succeed in explaining the social organization of the Iraqi society? What is the more appropriate western theory for diagnosing the cohesion and deviance of the society? What is the s

Abstract

The research aims to examine the effect of Hawkins' strategy on students in the fourth grade of primary school in the General Directorate of Education in Baghdad / Karkh 3 for the academic year (2020-2021). The research was limited to the topics of the Arabic language grammar book for the fourth grade of primary school. The researcher developed the research hypothesis, which is: that there is no statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of the experimental group students who study using the Hawkins strategy and the average scores of the control group students who study in the traditional method in the achievement test. The researcher set a number of

One of the most urgent issues confronting cities in the south of the globe is urban expansion brought on by population increase. Iraq's capital, Baghdad, is a striking example of this change. This study examines how Baghdad's agricultural land was converted into residential areas between 2003 and 2024, with a special emphasis on the neighborhoods of Dura, Al-Buaitha, and Krayat. During this period, Baghdad's population grew from 5.6 million to nearly 9.1 million, and the city's land usage drastically changed. Due to housing needs and infrastructure development, population increase has a direct impact on land consumption, as seen by this geographical expansion. The study illustrates the adverse correlation between urbaniz

This study aims to improve mild steel's corrosion resistance in marine applications. Mild steel has low corrosion resistance, especially in salty conditions, so enhancing this property is required. This study aims to increase the corrosion resistance of mild steel by heat treatment processes. The specimens were heated to the temperature of 800°C, then the specimens were separated into two groups, specimens of both of the groups cooled inside a furnace (annealing), cooled in air to room temperature (normalizing), and cooled in water (quenching), then the first group of specimens was immersed in salinity of (33.9) ppt for 45 days, and the other group of specimens was immersed in salinity of (37.8) ppt for 45 days. The cor

The study of surface hardness, wear resistance, adhesion strength, electrochemical corrosion resistance and thermal conductivity of coatings composed from sodium silicate was prepared using graphite micro-size particles and carbon nano particles as fillers respectively of concentration of (1-5%), for the purpose of covering and protecting the oil distillation towers. The results showed that the sodium silicate coating reinforced with carbon nano-powder has higher resistance to stitches, mechanical wear, adhesive and thermal conductivity than graphite/sodium silicate composite especially when the ratio 5% and 1%, the electrochemical corrosion test confirmed that the coating process of stainless steel 304 lead to increasin

Applying load to a structural member may result in a bottle-shaped compression field especially when the width of the loading is less than the width of bearing concrete members. At the Building and Construction Department – the University of Technology-Iraq, series tests on fibre reinforced concrete specimens were carried out, subjected to compression forces at the top and bottom of the specimens to produce compression field. The effects of steel fibre content, concrete compressive strength, transverse tension reinforcement, the height of test specimen, and the ratio of the width of loading plate to specimen width were studied by testing a total of tenth normal strength concrete blocks with steel fibre and one normal s

Objective: To assess the nutritional status of hemodialysis patients.
Methodology: A descriptive quantitative cross sectional study was effectuated in hemodialysis centers from
February 2011 to September 2011. A purposive "non-probability" sample of (70) male and female hemodialysis
patients in al-Najaf al-Ashraf Governorate from those who have spent more than six months on maintenance
hemodialysis schedule. Data collected through using of a well-designed questionnaire consist of five parts, part
one consists of sociodemographic contain (9) items, and part two consists of medical data contain (8) items, and
part three consists of health and nutrition behavior contain (12) items plus (8) items of anthropometric
measur

In this paper. the dynamic response of Ruttha sand with different relative densities is studied by using equivalent linear model

The equivalent linear model is adopted in which the soil properties are strain dependent but cycle independent. The shear modulus tends to decrease as the shear strain increases, while the damping ratio tends to increase as the shear strain increases The computer program SHAKE, developed at the University of California, Berkley, is used for predicting and analyzing the problem. The study reached that the magnitude of the acceleration is increasing as the relative density is decreasing and the natural frequency of the structures that would be built on Al- Ruttba soil must ot be equal to (4 c/sec.) to avo

تعد العدالة عنصراً اساسياً من عناصر صنع السلام الحقيقي، ومن هذه المقولة ننطلق لنعالج الموضوع الذي نحن بصدده والمعنون آلية عمل المحاكم الجنائية الدولية. إذ غالباً ما يتعذر على القضاء الوطني اداء مهمته في تحقيق العدالة، وقد لا يقوم اساساً بها، وعند ذلك هل يكون هذا مدعاة لترك مرتكبي الجرائم الدولية بدون محاكمة وعقاب؟

      وهنا تكمن اهمية هذا الموضوع، تحقيق العدالة بعقاب المجرمين الدوليين وال

In this study, the stable isotop 18O and 2H has been used to investigate the interaction of surface water (SW), and groundwater (GW) in Al-Taji district/ Northern Baghdad for two seasons (March and August 2022). 16 Samples were collected from water resources in the Al-Taji district (Tigris channel, Tigris River, and groundwater), in each season water samples from 8 Tigris channel, 5 drilled wells, and 3 Tigris River were taken for the analysis of the isotopes 18O and 2H. The average analysis results of 18O and 2H in the Tigris channel, Tigris River, and groundwater were found to be -3.435‰ and -18.6094‰, -2.07167‰ and -17.81‰, -4.125‰ and -34.707‰ respectively. The results, generally, show a comparable range of isotope c

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is considered to be one of the most crucial tools for different applications, i.e. transportation, geographic information systems, mobile satellite communications, and others. Without a doubt, the GNSS has been widely employed for different scientific applications, such as land surveying, mapping, and precise monitoring for huge structures, etc. Thus, an intense competitive has appeared between companies which produce geodetic GNSS hardware devices to meet all the requirements of GNSS communities. This study aims to assess the performance of different GNSS receivers to provide reliable positions. In this study, three different receivers, which are produced by different manufacturers, were fi

The study aims to identify the neurological perfectionism of talented girls with disabilities and do a case study for one of these girls. The sample of the study consisted of (11) female students at the university level, 5 females with disability and (6) normal female-students. The sample also included (19) secondary school female students in Tabuk region, including 10 students with visual disability and (9) normal students. The case study was limited to one case of mentally superior girls (talented) with kinetic disability. The researcher adopted the descriptive methodology (case study), he used neurological perfectionism scale, Salah Mekhemar interview, Stanford interfacial intelligence scale fifth picture, case study form. The re

تناول هذا البحث الاوضاع الاجتماعية في إمارة شرق الأردن خلال سنوات الأزمة الاقتصادية العالمية (1929-1933) التي ظهرت في الاولايات المتحدة الاميركية وطالت تاثيرتها اغلب دول العالم عدا الاتحاد السوفيتي ومن تلك الدول إمارة شرق الأردن  , التي كانت تعاني من أزمة اقتصادية محلية خانقة تمثلت بقلة الأمطار والجفاف وغزو أسراب الجراد والآفات التي اصابت المزروعات , تزامنت مع الأزمة الاقتصادية العالمية التي ضرب أطانبها كاف

This study was conducted to compare the effect of adding organic chromium (Biochrome) and
organic acids (Galli acids) for reducing experimentally infected broiler chicks by Salmonella
typhimurium . A total of 400 one day old broiler chicks were divided into four dietary groups which
were: un-treated negative control (T1) , 044 ppb organic chromium / kg feed (T2) , 4.0 of organic acids
/ kg feed (T3) and positive control (T4) . After one day of feeding T2 ,T3 and T4 chicks were oral
experimentally infected by S. typhimurium. Results have shown :
Mortality of positive control broiler chicks were 70 % , added organic chromium and organic acids
reduced chicks mortality tto 10 % in each , also the results revealed that th

Objective(s): This study was conducted to deal with the importance and effect of various variables which might
have influence in hydrocephaly occurrence.
Methodology: A retrospective design was performed and continued for 4 months. It included 89 nonrandomized
consecutive samples collected from the Early Detection of Childhood Disabilities Center (E.D.C.D.C.)
Duhok. The population involved was the entire cases of both sexes that attended the centre during the period from
1
st.Jan, 1998 to 30th. Dec. 2008 with final diagnosis of hydrocephaly. Patients’ records from the centre were used to
collect data.
Results: Hydrocephaly has been recognized as a public health problem in Duhok province, Iraqi Kurdistan region,<

This paper aims at discovering the real implication of deduction in the Arabic culture
with concentration on its applications in Arabic grammar, logic, and fundamentals of Islamic
legislations. Some light has been shed on deduction in the Arabic culture but most of recent
works did not analyze deduction according to the pragmatic analysis. This paper will answer
the following questions:
 to what extent deduction in Arabic grammar could comprehend with deduction l logic and
fundamentals of thinking in Islamic thought?
 how can we find the deduction thinking in the Qur’anic surah if Ghafir?
 Can we find parts of deduction in the surah?
The methodology in this paper is descriptive analytical. This metho

170 ejaculates collection from "14" Friesian bulls born in Iraq to study the variation in freezing point of these ejaculates, effect of bulls age on it, the relationship between it with some semen characteristics and freezability of ejaculates. The result of this study can summarized in:

• Freezing point of bull semen was ranged between -0,.55 to -0.67 C, bulls age were effected on it, and point of bull semen and individual motility, mass motility and sperm concentration mld/al. but I thas significant negative correlation with hydrogen ion concentration.
• Freezability of ejaculates increase with more decrease in freezing point of it. The correlation between freezing point of bull semen and individual motility, survi

تضمنت الدراسة الحالية التغيرات الشهرية في قياسات الخصى والبرابخ ونشاط الذكور في الجاموس العراقي.
تضمنت الدراسة 052 خصية أخذت من مجزرة شرق مدينة كربلاء وللفترة من شهر كانون الأول ولغاية شهر ايلول
,أجري فحص عياني للذكر قبل الذبح للتأكد من سلامته الصحية. وأجري تقييم للسائل المنوي ) الحركة الفردية ،الحيوية
،التركيز والتشوهات (للسائل المسحوب من ذيل البربخ .وزنت الخصية اليمنى بعد الذبح وأخذت أبعاد الخصية والب

Background: The etiology of ischemic heart disease (IHD) is believed to have an immunological component. Association with human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) has been previously reported, particularly with DR6.
Patients and methods: 75 cardiac patients were admitted to the coronary care unit, Baghdad Teaching Hospital over the period October 2008-May 2009 with the clinical diagnosis of acute
coronary syndrome and STEMI myocardial infarction their ages range was (25-82) years the number of male was (55) (73.3%) and female was (20) (26.7%). All cases have routine ECG, cardiac marker’s measurements, routine haematological, Biochemical test and 2mls of blood reserved for HLA study.
Results: It was found that H

يتبين من لنا من خلال المصادر التاريخية العديد من الامور .

• يمكن قبول الاختلاف في اسم المهدي الفاطمي في ايام الدعوة ، ولكن بعد الخلافة لا يكن البقاء على السرية في الكتمان يدل على امرين الاول ، اما وجود الاسم والنسب في المخطوطات وكتمانها من المحققين ومن اخرج تلك المخطوطات ، او ان المهدي  الفاطمي لا يرجع في نسبه الى البيت العلوي .
• عدم الحفاظ على اركان الدعوة يدل على تغير مسارها المخطط له كما في ابو

خلفية البحث: إن البدانة وزيادة الوزن تعد من أهم العوامل التي تهدد صحة الإنسان على مستوى العالم. إن الجهاز العصبي الذاتي يسيطر وينظم عمل ووظيفة الأعضاء الداخلية للجسم ومن ضمنها القلب وجهاز الدوران بواسطة فرعيه السمبثاوي (الودي) والباراسمبثاوي (اللاودي). فيما يخص القلب هذا التأثير المشترك لكلا الفرعين السمبثاوي والباراسمبثاوي يشكل توازن متغير ينتج عنه تذبذب أو تغير مستمر في الوقت الزمن

This research has presented a solution to the problem faced by alloys: the corrosion problem, by reducing corrosion and enhancing protection by using an inhibitor (Schiff base). The inhibitor (Schiff base) was synthesized by reacting of the substrates materials (4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and 4-aminoantipyrine). It was diagnosed by infrared technology IR, where the IR spectrum and through the visible beams proved that the Schiff base was well formed and with high purity. The corrosion behavior of carbon steel and stainless steel in a saline medium (artificial seawater 3.5%NaCl) before and after using the inhibitor at four temperatures: 20, 30, 40, and 50 C° was studied by using thr

The core idea of this study revolves around the news coverage by Iraqi satellite channels regarding corruption issues and their implications on the public's perception of the political process. The researcher designed a content analysis form encompassing both primary and sub-categories of news bulletins from the channels, Dijlah and Al-Itijah, spanning from 01/06/2021 to 31/08/2021, using a comprehensive enumeration method. The chosen timeframe preceded the parliamentary elections held in October 2021. Employing a descriptive-analytical approach coupled with observation, the researcher derived results that met the study's objectives. Among these findings, news items enhanced with video content topped the categorie

عندما تذكر اقوى الامبراطوريات في العالم القديم، تأتي الامبراطورية الرومانية في مقدمة تلك القوى ،  وهذا مرده الى قوة جيشها المنظم والمدرب ،الذي أُتيحت له امكانيات جعلت منه قوة بشرية بما امتلكة من  معدات عسكرية وتقنيات حربية مكنتهم من الانتصار في اغلب معاركهم وهذا بدأ واضحا منذ بداية تكوين الجمهورية عام 509 ق.م وبداية تأسيس الامبراطورية عام 33 ق.م، وتوسعها في العالم القديم، في هذه الورقة البحثية نستعرض تلك

Background: Population studies suggest that 3–8% of asymptomatic adults have thyroid nodules. Nodules have a 5–15% prevalence of malignancy. Fine-needle aspiration cytology is the primary and frequently initial tool for assessing the risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules and selecting patients for thyroid surgery.
Patients and Methods: This prospective study was done during the period from June 2007 to November 2008. The study includes 141 patients with palpable solitary or multiple thyroid nodules. Only patients with normal or low TSH values were referred for ultrasound examination and ultrasound guided FNAC, which were done using fine needles (G 20).
Results: eleven patients (7.8%) have insuffici

              The purpose of this project is to build a scientific base and computational programs in an accelerator design work. The transfer of group of laws in alinear accelerator cavity to computer codes written in Fortran power station language is inorder to get a numerical calculation of an electromagnetic field generated in the cavities of the linear accelerator. The program in put contains mainly the following, the geometrical cavity constant, and the triangular finite element method high – order polynomial. The out put contains vertical and horizontal components of the electrical field together with the electrical and the magnetic field intensity. 

Praise be to God, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon our Master Muhammad and upon all his family and companions:
And then: What most concerns rational people and reformers in the modern era is the moral deviation and delinquency that dominates childhood, due to family disintegration and the lack of discipline of most societies according to the religious and moral motives called for by the heavenly messages, especially Islam, which is the final message and guarantees the reform of people in life. Every time and place.
Islam has drawn attention to this issue (childhood) and made it the focus of its consideration, considering that the child is the nucleus of society and the preparation for the future, so it ordered that