One of the most urgent issues confronting cities in the south of the globe is urban expansion brought on by population increase. Iraq's capital, Baghdad, is a striking example of this change. This study examines how Baghdad's agricultural land was converted into residential areas between 2003 and 2024, with a special emphasis on the neighborhoods of Dura, Al-Buaitha, and Krayat. During this period, Baghdad's population grew from 5.6 million to nearly 9.1 million, and the city's land usage drastically changed. Due to housing needs and infrastructure development, population increase has a direct impact on land consumption, as seen by this geographical expansion. The study illustrates the adverse correlation between urbanization and the accessibility of green and agricultural spaces using previous land use data, demographic estimates, and environmental indicators. The main focus is on the socio-spatial effects of losing agricultural land, the growth of informal housing, and deteriorating environmental quality, even though temperature rise and CO₂ emissions are mentioned. Through trend analysis, maps, and charts, the research emphasizes how urgent it is to combine land preservation tactics with sustainable urban development. Decentralizing expansion to satellite towns, encouraging vertical construction, and enforcing zoning laws are some of the main ideas. The results show that Urban areas grew from 387.0 km² to 641.7 km², while green areas decreased from 283.5 km² to barely 81.9 km². As a result, if proactive planning isn't done, the city's long-term resilience and livability may be threatened by permanent land degradation brought on by population growth.