إنّ للدراسات الاستشراقية في العصر الحديث أثرها البيّن في الدارسين للغة العربية من المختصين بدراستها في مختلف علومها، ومن بينها الدراسة النحوية؛ لما فيها من أفكار ودفعت الباحثين العرب إلى قراءة النحو العربي قراءة جديدة توافق بين المعطيات العلمية الحديثة من جهة، وتدافع عن التراث العربي من سهام آراء المستشرقين التي تهدف إلى تجريد الأمة من لغتها لغة القرآن الكريم.

    وفي هذا البحث

من تقنيّات اللغة العربيّة إمكانيّة توافر أكثر من معنًى في تركيب واحد، الأمر الذي يثري دلالته، وهنا تبدأ فكرة بحثنا، حيث البحث في معاني النص المختلفة. وتحديدًا ما كان بناؤه يقوم على الفنون البلاغيّة، وارتباطه بماهيّة هذه الفنون، ومن ثمّ الوقوف على أثر تعدد هذه الأمر المعاني في توجيه الفن البلاغي من متلقِ لآخر.

واخترنا لدراستنا منهج الدراسة التطبيقيّة في مصنف محدد، واخترنا كتاب (معترك الأقران في إعجاز ال

The purpose of this study is to deal with dust and interstellar molecular and atomic gas owing to obtaining a proportion of cold gas to dust and to understand the characteristics of the molecular gas in extragalactic data selected from the Herschel SPIRE/ FTS archive. The physical properties of a sample of 65 extragalactic spectra characterized by the activity of star formation were discussed in this work. Statistical analyses, using STATISTICA program, were made for the content of cold gas (MHI, MH₂), dust mass (M_dust), cold temperature of dust (T_d) and luminosities in Far-infrared to CO line radiations, while coefficients of partial correlation within those characteristics were established. The results

تناول البحث الحالي متغير الدراسة الوعي الأخلاقي (Moral awareness) والذي يعني معرفة الفرد بتأثير افعاله المحتملة وحدودها على الموقف الأخلاقي من خلال بناء تصورات محتملة للأسباب والنتائج، وترتبط الإدانة بالوعي الأخلاقي والذي حظي باهتمام كبير جداً في المجال الفلسفي اذ اعتمدت أفكار النظريات الأخلاقية على نظرية كولبرج في الاخلاق والتي تقوم في الأساس على فهم جوانب الاخلاق الثلاثة وتوحيدها (المعرفة والوجدان والسلوك) ف

إنَّ الحديث عن بواكير المصطلح النحوي يرتبط نوعاً ما بالحديث عن بدايات تأسيس علم النحو، والروايات التي قدّمت في ذلك على أنَّ ما كان من مصطلحات نحوية في البدايات لا تشكل في حدِّ ذاتها إلاّ إرهاصات أولية على جادّة الطريق في علم النحو، فمثلاً أشارت الروايات إلى أن أبا الأسود قد قدّم ما يُعرف بمصطلح (النقط) وهو ما يدلُّ على حركات الإعراب، ومصطلح (الغنّة) الذي يدلُّ على التنوين، وغير ذلك إنما يُشكل جانباً وصفياً لم

Ceruloplasmin (Cp) is one of the acute phase protein, in this review ,we studied the level of ceruloplasmin with copper (Cu) and iron in 90 patients with coronary heart diseas ( those patients are divided into three groups, whom are stable angina , unstable angina and myocardial infarction compared with 30 healthy volunteers) and the roles of them as diagnostic and prognostic tools.The diagnosis was attend by a clinical examination carried out by the consult medical staff in Ibn AL-Nafis hospital. The result: ceruloplasmin recorded a significantly(p<0.05)higher level in all patient groups compared with the control, so this result supports the hypothesis that a high serum ceruloplasmin level is a risk factor for coronary heart di

The importance of this topic may not be overlooked by many of the specialists, because it is one the sciences of the Arabic language, but it is an important method in the field of influencing the recipient and his aesthetic ability to create influential images as well.
The talking about Semantic (Badi'iyah)is as old as the Arabic age, so it may be talking about it not the new thing because the people who specialized have preceded us and exhausted all the talk .

In this work 2-hydrazino pyrimidine (1) was prepared from 2-mercapto pyrimidine with hydrazine hydrate. Treatment of (1) with active methylene compounds gave 2-(3,5-dimethyl -1 H – Pyrazole-1-yl) pyrimidine , whereas the reaction of (1) with carboxylic anhydride namely maleic anhydride or 1,2,3,6-tetra hydro phthalic anhydride yielded 1-Pyrimidine-2-yl-1,2-dihydro pyridazine-3,6-dione (3) and 2 – Pyrimidin -2-yl -2,3,4 a ,5,8 a – hexahydro phthalazine 1,4 – dione (4) . Reaction of (1) with phenyl isothiocyanate and ethyl chloro acetate afforded 3-Phenyl-1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione-2( pyrimidine -2- yl hydrazone (6) Azomethine (7-10) were prepared through condensation of (1) with aromatic aldehydes or ketones, then comp

The study of Terracotta in Mesopotamia is one of the important
technical topics that gave us valuable information ،whether from a
technical or cultural point of view

The paper comprise comparative palynological study of (11) species belong to the genus Echinops L. in Iraq i.e( E.armatus Boiss. & Hausskn ، E.bicolor Nabelek. ، E.cephalotes DC., E.haussknetchii Boiss. ، E.mosulensis ، Rech. ،
E.nitens Bornm. ، E.orientalis Trautv., E.parviflorous BOISS & BUHSE ،
E.spinossisms Turra . ، E.tenuisectus Rech. ، E.viscosus DC.، Pollen grain were found to be Tricolporate and with spherical shaped ,in polar view the grain found to be Interangular , while in equatorial view the grain found to be ellipsoid .

Thermal conductivity of compacted bentonite is one of the most important properties where this type of clay is proposed for use as a buffer material. In this study, Lee's disc method was used to measure the thermal conductivity of compacted bentonite specimens. The experimental results have been analyzed to observe the three major factors affecting the thermal conductivity of bentonite buffer material. While the clay density reaches to a target value, the measurement is taken to evaluate the thermal conductivity. By repeating this procedure, a relationship between clay dry density and thermal conductivity has been established in specimens after adjusting the water contents of the bentonite by placing its specimens in a drying oven for diffe

Ensuring security, integrity, and reliability of the election process consider as the main challenges in the electronic voting system. This paper describes the e-voting system by integrating the biometric authentication, advanced encryption, and watermarking techniques towards meeting such challenges. The system employs the fingerprint authentication by utilizing the Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) for verifying the identity of the voter to ensure genuineness and non-repudiation of the service. The vote will be encrypted with the AES-GCM technique to be employed in securing the voting process, thus ensuring both data privacy and integrity. Hybrid Blind Watermarking employs the technique of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) a

This study has three parts, the first one is the synthesis of a novel Schiff bases by the condensation of guanine or 9-[{2-hydroxyethoxy}methyl]-9H-guanine with variety aldehydes to yield four different bases as follows: (E)-2-((4-nitrobenzylidene)amino)-1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one (S1), (E)-2-((4-methoxybenzylidene)amino)-1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one (S2), (E)-2-((2-hydroxybenzylidene) amino)-9-((2-hydroxy ethoxy)methyl)-1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one (S3), and (E)-2-(((9-((2-hydroxy ethoxy)methyl)-6-oxo-6,9-dihydro-1H-purin-2-yl)imino)methyl)benzoic acid (S4). Then, spectroscopic analyses such as Elemental Analysis, UV/VIS, Mass spectra, FTIR, 1H,13C-NMR were made to recognize these bases. In the second part, the ability of synthesized bases to

    In this paper, the ability of using corn leaves as low-cost natural biowaste adsorbent material for the removal of Indigo Carmen (IC) dye was studied. Batch mode system was used to study several parameters such as, contact time (4 days), concentration of dye (10-50) ppm, adsorbent dosage (0.05-0.25) gram, pH (2-12) and temperature (30-60) oC. The corn leaf was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy device before and after the adsorption process of the IC dye and scanning electron microscope device was used to find the morphology of the adsorbent material. The experimental data was imputing with several isotherms where it fits with Freundlich (R2 = 0.9937) and followed pseudo second order kinetic. The hi

     In the present work, a kinetic study was performed to the extraction of phosphate from Iraqi Akashat phosphate ore using organic acid. Leaching was studied using lactic acid for the separation of calcareous materials (mainly calcite). Reaction conditions were 2% by weight acid concentration and 5ml/gm of acid volume to ore weight ratio. Reaction time was taken in the range 2 to 30 minutes (step 2 minutes) to determine the reaction rate constant k based on the change in calcite concentration. To determine value of activation energy when reaction temperature is varied from 25 to 65 , another investigation was accomplished. Through the kinetic data, it was found that selective leaching was controlled by surface chemical reactio

Albizia lebbeck biomass was used as an adsorbent material in the present study to remove methyl red dye from an aqueous solution. A central composite rotatable design model was used to predict the dye removal efficiency. The optimization was accomplished under a temperature and mixing control system (37?C) with different particle size of 300 and 600 ?m. Highest adsorption efficiencies were obtained at lower dye concentrations and lower weight of adsorbent. The adsorption time, more than 48 h, was found to have a negative effect on the removal efficiency due to secondary metabolites compounds. However, the adsorption time was found to have a positive effect at high dye concentrations and high adsorbent weight. The colour removal effi

Reverse Osmosis (RO) has already proved its worth as an efficient treatment method in chemical and environmental engineering applications. Various successful RO attempts for the rejection of organic and highly toxic pollutants from wastewater can be found in the literature over the last decade. Dimethylphenol is classified as a high-toxic organic compound found ubiquitously in wastewater. It poses a real threat to humans and the environment even at low concentration. In this paper, a model based framework was developed for the simulation and optimisation of RO process for the removal of dimethylphenol from wastewater. We incorporated our earlier developed and validated process model into the Species Conserving Genetic Algorithm (SCG

This study proposes a robust control approach for vehicular dynamic system speed control. The proposed method combines a sliding mode controller with a feedback linearization technique. Considering the high nonlinearity of the vehicle dynamic system model, feedback linearization is used to transform the vehicle dynamic system into a linear system. A Lyapunov theorem is used to approve the stability of the proposed controller. Moreover, a proportional integral derivative (PID) controller with genetic algorithms is used for comparison. The integral absolute error (IAE) is used as the performance comparison index between controllers. Simulation results show that the proposed method can achieve excellent performance with high robustness agai

New azo-Schiff base compounds were prepared by different processes using (p-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, and their role as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel alloy in acidic media such as 0.1 M HCl at 298 K was investigated. Spectroscopic methods such as FT-IR and NMR were used to characterise the compounds, and potentiodynamic polarization curves were employed to evaluate their corrosion inhibition. p-Aminoacetophenone was react withed 2-(5-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) acetohydrazide (A1) to prepare N ′-(1-(4-aminophenyl) ethylidene)-2-(5-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) acetohydrazide (A2). Azo-Schiff bases (A3-A6) were synthesised by combining the prepared diazonium salts with different phenols. These compo

This work provides a historical overview of water storage tanks used for solar energy collection, with a focus on the impact of different geometric configurations on thermal performance and energy storage efficiency. The designs of cylindrical, spherical, rectangular and triangular tanks were reviewed to analyse their effects on thermal gradients, heat retention and energy storage capacity. Within the scope of nominal processes, the study primarily aimed to identify the factors influencing the choice of tank shape in terms of size, capacity and aspect ratio. Another key objective was to assess what enhances heat storage in the tank to improve thermal efficiency. Comparing cylindrical shapes to other shapes, such as spherical, rectangular

In recent years, the deployment of surveillance cameras has significantly increased to enhance security in public and private spaces. Numerous businesses continue to employ individuals to monitor these cameras. However, unusual and suspicious activities in the video feeds are often overlooked due to the potential for human error. Consequently, manual monitoring of security cameras can be time-consuming and inefficient. This study investigates the application of deep learning techniques, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and support vector machines (SVMs), to predict violence in surveillance video streams. The proposed CNN model is optimised through the utilisation of gamma correction as a preprocessing step to extract ess

The discarded construction waste materials can be re-used as a new source of aggregate. These wastes, such as clay bricks, can be managed by recycling them into new construction materials after being collected, dried, crushed, and ground for use in concrete production. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using recycled brick waste as sand to produce sustainable reactive-powder-concrete (R-P-C), and to assess the influence of various curing techniques on its mechanical strength. In this study, two sustainable R-P-C mixtures (BM15 and BM30) were prepared, containing 15% and 30% brick waste as sand (BS), as a volume replacement for Sika sand in the reference mixture (RM). The mixtures were cured under three cu

With a goal to identify, and ultimately removing from the oil fraction, the carcinogenic components, an oil fraction oil has been analyzed into a main three hydrocarbon groups, paraffins, aromatics, and polycyclic saturates. A multi-stage adsorption apparatus has been used. Four units of 300 g alumina each seems to be sufficient for removing the polynuclear aromatics from 75 g of an oil fraction boiling between 365-375 °C from Qurna crude oil. The usefulness of the ternary diagram for analyzing the oil fraction to the three hydrocarbons groups has been studied and verified. An experimentally based linear relationship of density and refractive index was established to enable of identifying the composition of an oil fraction using th

Abstract. The main technique for removing bacteria from water for various applications is chemical disinfection. However, this method has many disadvantages such as producing disinfectant by-products (DBPs), biofilm formation and either rendering the water unpotable (at high residual disinfection) or leaving a potential for lethal diseases such as Cholera (if the residual disinfection is too low). Recently, a process was developed for continuous removal of bacteria from water using the principle of froth flotation through compressed air only without any chemicals (Hassan, 2015). This work examines the extent to which chemical free froth flotation can purify drinking water. The experiments were carried out using two flotation columns

Abstract. Froth flotation is a solid-liquid separation technique that uses hydrophobicity as a driving force. Bacteria and other drinking water microorganisms tend to be hydrophobic and can be removed from water using this application. The biggest limitation against using froth flotation in the drinking water industry is the difficulty of producing froth without chemical frothers and holding bacteria in this froth without chemical collectors which deteriorate water taste and odor. Recently, researchers at the University of Sheffield described a method for producing froth using only water and compressed air. This has enabled froth flotation to be studied as an alternative to biocides for the removal of bacteria from drinking water. T

Abstract. Froth flotation is a well-known solid-liquid separation technique. Hydrophobicity is the main driving force for such processes. Hydrophobic solids attach to air bubbles and rise up while hydrophilic or less hydrophobic species settle down. Froth can be produced with chemical frothers such as alcohols and polyglycols. However, the use of chemicals limits the use of this separation method in applications such as drinking water, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, developing a technique that produces froth without adding any chemicals would be useful to such industries. This work demonstrates that with suitable operating parameters a 27 cm froth height can be obtained in a 20 cm diameter column by using an air

  In this paper simulation technique plays a vital role to compare between two approaches Maximum Likelihood method and Developed Least Square method to estimate the parameters of Frechet Poisson Lindley Distribution Compound. by coding using Matlab software program. Also, under different sample sizes via mean square error. As the results which obtain that Maximum Likelihood Estimation method is better than Developed Least Square method to estimate these parameters to the proposed distribution.