Grayscale images are extensively used due to their simplicity and cheapness in storage and transmission compared to color one of RGB base. It can also be considered a solution for color-blind people to ensure a better view of things and reading. However, unfortunately, it is still quite overburdened with redundancy(s) in which the data compression exploits them efficiently depending on the type and way of redundancy removal. This work introduces a hybrid compression system to compress grayscale images using the adaptive pixel-based technique (PBT) of optimized modeling base, with incorporated Minimize Matrix Size Algorithm (MMSA) of three digits values (C321) to encode the residual compactly along the need to overhead in

This study focuses on the simulation of the bed change and total sediment concentration in the Al-Musayyab Canal, which is a vital irrigation system located in the central region of Iraq, using HEC-RAS V 6.3 software. The 49.5 km canal, with 13 branches, faces challenges from sediment influx originating from the Euphrates River. The primary objective is to analyze sedimentation, erosion patterns, and sediment discharge variations to support effective canal management. Field sampling collected suspended and bed load samples for laboratory tests, providing input data for the sediment transport model. Simulation results show steady flow water surface elevations ranging from 26.32 to 33.16 m.a.s.l, with velocities from 0.24

This paper presents a method to organize memory chips when they are used to build memory systems that have word size wider than 8-bit. Most memory chips have 8-bit word size. When the memory system has to be built from several memory chips of various sizes, this method gives all possible organizations of these chips in the memory system. This paper also suggests a precise definition of the term “memory bank” that is usually used in memory systems. Finally, an illustrative design problem was taken to illustrate the presented method practically

A flight simulation programme has been developed on a personal computer using Microsoft
FORTRAN to simulate flight trajectories of a light aircraft by using Six-Degree-of-Freedom
equation of motion. The simulation has been made realistic through pre-programmed the input to
the control surfaces, atmospheric gust during the flight mode. The programme plays an important
role in the evaluation and validation of the aircraft design process. A light aircraft (Cessna 182T)
has been tested through free flight, gliding flight, flight with gust. The results show good trend and
show that the programme could be dependent as a realistic flight test programme.

     The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of hyaluronan as abdominal anti-adhesive. Sixteen healthy adult local breed dogs, aged between (1-2 years) and weighed (15-20) kg were used. They were divided into two equal groups. First group is considered as a control group (A), the second group is the hyaluronic acid group (B); both groups underwent celiotomy under the effect of general anesthesia (combination of ketamine-xylazine at the dose rate of 15mg /kg and 5mg/kg B.W, respectively). Three sero-muscular incisions were 3cm long created at anti-mesenteric border in the descending colon and sutured with simple continuous suture using4-0chromic cat gut, abdominal wall closed in routine manner, in contr

الاهداف: تهدف هذه الدراسة الى التحقق من فاعلية برنامج تداخلي في ممارسات الممرضين حول التسريب الوريدي للرضع المصابين بالناسور الرغامي المريئي بعد العمليات.

المنهجية: تم اجراء البحث الكمي، التصميم القبلي، من خلال تنفيذ نهج الاختبار - إعادة الاختبار للمجموعة الواحدة (الاختبار القبلي، والاختبار البعدي ١، والاختبار البعدي ٢). تم اعداد استمار

The present study investigated the impact of fuel kind on the emitted emissions at the idling period. Three types of available fuels in Iraq were tested. The tests conducted on ordinary gasoline with an octane number of 82, premium gasoline with an octane number of 92, and M20 (consist of 20% methanol and 80% regular gasoline). The 2 liters Mercedes-Benz engine was used in the experiments.

The results showed that engine operation at idle speed emits high levels of CO, CO₂, HC, NOx and noise. The produced emission levels depend highly on fuel type. The premium gasoline (ON=92) represents the lower emissions level except for noise at all idling speed. Adding methanol to ordinary gasoline (ON=82) showed high levels of emi

تكمن المشكلة في قلة استخدام التمرينات الخاصة على الملاعب الرملية مما يجعل أداء اللاعبين غير فعال لعدم التمرن على مثل تلك الارضية,وتهدف الدراسةعلى التعرف على تاثير التمرينات الخاصة على الملاعب الرملية والملاعب الصلبة في تطوير سرعة الاستجابة الحركية والرشاقة ومهارة الاستقبال بالكرة الطائرة, وبفرضية ان التمرينات الخاصة على الملاعب الرملية والملاعب الصلبة ذا دلالة إحصائية على متغيرات البحث في الاختبارين ا

     This study was designed to isolate of Enterohaemoragic E.coli O157:H7 from feces and urine in cattle. 175 samples (80 fecal and 95 urine) were collected to isolate EHEC O157:H7 during the period from March to June 2014 from Al- Hindia slaughter house from local breeding cattle, aged between 1-2 years and over 2 years, and the samples were subjected to culture on specific media Cefixime Tellurit- Sorbitol MacConkey agar at 37 ˚C for 18-24 hrs. then the isolates were identified by biochemical tests (Indol test, Potassium cyanid test) and seriologically by Latex Kit test. The results showed that 73(91.25%) out of 80 fecal samples and 39(41%) out of 95 urine samples were E.coli O157:H7 positive, th

The creative production of the philosophy of beauty in artistic works constitutes a step towards development and progress by meeting the growing and changing needs of humanity according to various factors, including those related to the human situation and others related to technical outputs, as well as the multiplicity of the field for the emergence of new artistic currents and movements concerned with graphic production and communication and communication processes that It is associated with imagination and freedom from social and cultural constraints, in which the design production seeks to link more realistic intellectual contents with the achievements of the creative artwork as a communication system to involve the recipient (the vi

     This study is planned to evaluate the efficacy of two biological matrices represented by autologous platelet rich fibrin matrix, as well as a cross linked decellularized caprine pericardial extracellular matrix on enhancing healing of the experimentally severed superficial digital flexor tendon in a goat model. It was carried out on 48 adult apparently healthy bucks, which were divided randomly into three equal groups. Under the effect of sedative and local ring block anesthesia, superficial digital flexor tendon was severed at the mid metacarpal region of the right forelimb. In the first control group, tenorrhaphy was performed and left without additives. While in the second group the tenorrhaphy site was wrappe

الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على خاتم الأنبياء والمرسلين وعلى آله وصحبه اجمعين.

ظهر في العصر العباسي العديد من الوزراء الاكفاء الذين كان لهم دور كبير في ادارة شؤون الدولة ومنهم الوزير محمد بن عبد الملك الزيات الذي استوزر لثلاث من خلفاء بني العباس هم المعتصم والواثق والمتوكل حيث استوزره الخليفة المعتصم سنة 220 هـ واعتمد عليه بشكل كبير ورفع من شانه عندما عرف كفاءته وخبرته في ادارة شؤون البلاد بالإ

يتناول هذا البحث في جانبه النظري اثر الأساليب الإحصائية والرياضية ودورها في تطوير منهجيات البحوث الجغرافية المناخية التقليدية وتوجيهها نحو اعتماد المبدأ الكمي - بصوره المختلفة - في الطرح والمعالجة واستقصاء النتائج من خلال التركيز على إجابات سبعة أسئلة محورية في بنية المبدأ المذكور أعلاه فضلا عن تحديد أهداف ووظائف الأساليب والطرائق الإحصائية في دراسات وبحوث الطقس والمناخ بدقة ومحاولة إبراز خصائص ومميزات

إن وجود عنصر أجنبي في العقد يستدرج تنازع عدة قوانين على العقد الدولي في (وجوده)، ولكن وعلى خلاف الحل المعتاد عند تنازع القوانين، لايكون الحكم في ذلك هو إختصاص أحد القوانين، بل إختصاص اكثر من قانون في وجود العقد الدولي، ومن غير تداخل بينها في الإختصاص التشريعي.

شهدت بلاد الرافدين منجزات وتطورات حضارية مهمة أثرت في تاريخ العالم بشكل عام وبتاريخها بشكل خاص ، ومنها التطور الذي شمل الجانب الزراعي الذي أحتل مركز الصدارة بين مختلف مجالات الحياة ، وشغل الدور المتميز والفعال في استخدام الوسائل المبتكرة في الأعمال الزراعية آنذاك^([i]). أن اهتداء الإنسان للزراعة في حدود الألف التاسع ق.م. يمثل أول ثورة اقتصادية قام بها الإنسان ، إذ أنتقل بواسطتها من حي

تعد الشركات الزراعية التابعة للقطاع الخاص من الوسائل المهمة في تنمية القطاع الزراعي والنهوض بواقعه, اذ شهد العراق في السنوات الاخيرة زيادة ملحوظة في عدد الشركات الزراعية التابعة للقطاع الخاص متوزعة في عموم محافظات البلد, وفضلا عن الاهداف الربحية التي تسعى تلك الشركات الى تحقيقها بالدرجة الاساس الا ان لها أثراً واضحاً في النهوض بالواقع الزراعي كماً ونوعا ولاسيما بعد ان شهدت المحافظات الوسطى والجنوبية استق

The main objectives of this pepper are to introduce new classes. We have attempted to obtain coefficient estimates, radius of convexity, Distortion and  Growth theorem and other related results for the classes

     أجريت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة تأثير إضافة مستويات مختلفة من مسحوق خليط الثوم وعرق السوس المضافةإلى العليقة في الصفات الإنتاجية لفروج اللحم. وإستعمل في التجربة 180 فرخاً من سلالة (Ross-308) بعمريوم واحد، وزعت عشوائيا على أربعة معاملات تجريبية بواقع (3) مكررات لكل معاملة (15 فرخ / مكرر). وكانت المعاملات: الأولى المقارنة خالية من الأضافات، الثانية والثالثة والرابعة تضمنت ( 0.25 و0.50 و 1) % من مسحوق خليط الثوم وعرق ال

    The current study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of broccoli plant in therapy of PCOS that induced for the first time by testosterone andriol (T.A).

   Forty-eight immature female rats (21 days old) were divided into 6 groups (8 rats each) as follows: G1, animals were injected with sesame oil for 39 cascade days (control). G2, animals were injected with 1mg/100g b.w of T.A for 39 cascade days. G3, animals were injected with 1mg/100g b.w of T.A gathered with gavaged broccoli juice (b.j) for 39 cascade days. G4, animals were injected with sesame oil for cascade 39 days at the end of last injection were gavaged with d.w for 30 cascade days. G5, animals were injected with 1 mg/100g b.w of T.A for

In this paper, a cognitive system based on a nonlinear neural controller and intelligent algorithm that will guide an autonomous mobile robot during continuous path-tracking and navigate over solid obstacles with avoidance was proposed. The goal of the proposed structure is to plan and track the reference path equation for the autonomous mobile robot in the mining environment to avoid the obstacles and reach to the target position by using intelligent optimization algorithms. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) Algorithms are used to finding the solutions of the mobile robot navigation problems in the mine by searching the optimal paths and finding the reference path equation of the optimal

     This study is designed to investigate the effect of temperature on thyroid gland of 24 adult healthy female carp fish (12/ season). Neutral buffered formalin solution10% was used for fixation and routine histological techniques. Hemotoxline and Eosine and PAS stains were, also used. The results revealed that the thyroid tissue in carp fish was closely associated with the renal and sub pharyngeal tissue. Spleen and liver did not show any thyroid follicles. The thyroid tissue of carp fish consisted of disseminate thyroid follicles not surrounded by apparent capsule. Different sizes and shapes of thyroid follicles were observed. The follicular cells form tight epithelium. Para follicular cells were distributed among

        In our research, we introduced new concepts, namely ^*and **-light mappings, after we knew ^*and **-totally disconnected mappings through the use of -open sets.

Many examples, facts, relationships and results have been given to support our work.

This study is designed to determin the protective role of pomegranate seed oil against deleterious effect induced by sodium fluoride on serum proteins in rats. Forty (40) adult female rats were randomly divided into four equal group (10/group) and treated daily for 40 days as following: Group C administered distilled water (control), group T1 received sodium fluoride 120 ppm/liter in drinking water, group T2 received both sodium fluoride 120 ppm/liter in drinking water and Pometone 30 mg/kg B.w. orally and group T3 administered Pometone 30 mg/kg B.w. orally. Fasting blood samples were collected at 0, 20 and 40 days of the experimental periods and serum samples were aliquoted for estimation serum total protein, albumin and globulin concen

The aim of this research is analysis the effect of the changes in (GDA, g, inflation) at average and standard economic curriculum in composition of the models, depending on SPSS program in analysis, and according to available date from central bank of Iraq and during the period from 2003 to 2018 and by using OLS and estimate of the equation and the results showed a statistical significance relation in incorporeal level 5% and the R² value equal  to 92.1 refer to the changes in independent variables explain 92% of changes of unemployment and the independent variables effect are very limit depend on estimated parameters in the model and respectively (0.986,0.229,-0.060), the research recommended necessity to active the inve

The current research is concerned with methods of formation and their effect on the sintering process of ceramic materials. The research is divided into a number of chapters. The first chapter addressed the research structure (the research problem, importance, objective, limits, and it also defined the terms used in the research). The second chapter addressed the theoretical framework, where the theoretical framework has been divided into three sections. The first section dealt with methods of formation of ceramic materials including: Plasticizing method 2- semi-dry pressing method 3- dry pressing method 4- extrusion method 5- casting method.
The researcher found that there is a clear difference between the methods through her formati

The present study aim at preparing frusemide in liquid form suitable for oral use. This is achieved through preparing different liquid forms of frusemide. The frusemide liquid is prepared in the following forms: oral solution, syrup and elixir with intensity of 1, 0.4 and 0.8% weight /volume respectively and in combination with potassium carbonate, polysorbate 80, alcohol and phosphate buffer solution of pH8 to dissolve the frusemide in the above mentioned forms. The different forms of the prepared medicine have been stored in glass bottles that can provide protection against light and at 40, 50, 60⁰C for four months. Besides the pH has been checked to decide the period of validity. The results show that the expiration date of

گوزانا أو گوزان هو الاسم القديم لموقع حلف (تل حلف) وهو موقع أثري كبير يطل على نهر الخابور بالقرب من قرية رأس العين على الحدود السورية التركية ويبعد بحوالي (152كم) شمال غرب مدينة نينوى (الشكل1) ، تعود أقدم الجذور التاريخية لهذا الموقع إلى عصور قبل التاريخ وتحديداً إلى العصر الحجري المعدني الوسيط^([i])، نقبت في الموقع بعثة ألمانية برئاسة الباحث ماكس فون أوبنهايم (Max Von Oppenheim) في عامي 1899 و 1929 كُ

     أجري البحث لمعرفة الملوثات الميكروبية الموجودة على قشرة وفي صفار وبياض بيض الدجاج المحلي ، السوري ، التركي ، الاوكراني ، حيث جمعت العينات بمعدل 10 بيضة من الاسواق الشعبية في محافظة  بغداد . أظهرت النتائج أن بكتريا السالمونيلا واضحة في صفار البيض التركي .  وفي قشرة وبياض وصفار البيض الاوكراني . كما أظهرت نتائج فحص البيض

     Eleven adult local rabbits (6 female and 5male) were used for this study. The mandible were prepared to study the gross anatomical features. The main gross characteristics feature of the local rabbits mandible the ramus forms a broad, thin and flat plate, the surface of the ramus is greatly increased in its posteroventral portion to form the angle or angular process. The articular surface is elongated and carry on its caudodorsal end a slightly oblique condyloid process, this process in rabbit is raised much above the planes of the molar table and has a prolonged aspect in a longitudinal plan. In front of the shallow mandibular notch, the coronoid process is short and blunt process situated in front of mandibular