يتمثل الباعث في الجرائم عموماً ، وفي الجريمة الارهابية خاصة عنصراً مهماً في رسم السياسة الجزائية للتجريم والعقاب، وتعد البواعث من المكونات النفسية المهمة التي ترتبط بعملية التجريم، والمسؤولية الجزائية ، وفاعلية الردع الجزائي.

 ويكتسب الباعث أهميته بخاصة في الجريمة الارهابية التي اصبحت تمثل خطراً مما يهدد كيان الدول وامن واستقرار المجتمع على الصعيد الوطني والدولي باستهداف حياة الآدميين وممتلك

The experimental study showed the use of closed cavity wall (the thickness of the cavity 5cm) made a percentage reduction in the cooling load caused by heat gain from the wall by (21.5 %) compared with the conventional wall. also the thermal resistance of the closed cavity was an average (0.2 m².^oC/W).

The experimental results of the study showed that the use of closed cavity wall reduced the average temperature of the inner surface of the wall during the day, and that the reduction was an average (0.45 ^oC)  when compared with the conventional wall , as well as the use of closed cavity wall reduced the temperature difference range of the inner surface of the wall during the day, and that the

Formation of emulsions during oil production is a costly problem, and decreased water content in emulsions leads to increases productivity and reduces the potential for pipeline corrosion and equipment used. The chemical demulsification process of crude oil emulsions is one of the methods used for reducing water content. The demulsifier presence causes the film layer between water droplets and the crude oil emulsion that to become unstable, leading to the accelerated of water coalescence. This research was performed to study the performance of a chemical demulsifier Chimec2439 (commercial) a blend of non-ionic oil-soluble surfactants. The crude oils used in these experiments were Basrah and Kirkuk Iraqi crude oil. These

     ان الدولة بأعتبارها من اهم المؤسسات الاجتماعية التي تعمل على تقديم الخدمات والامن للأفراد ، لذا يجب ان يتم حمايتها ، وتتحقق هذه الحماية  وفق تراتبية معينة تبدأ من امن الفرد وامن المجتمع وصولا الى امن الدولة ، اذ ان امن الدولة المتطور يستند على ركائز اساسية تتمثل بالتضامن والسلم الاجتماعي ، ويتكون هذا الامن من مستويات عدة ( انسانية ،واقليمية ،واجتماعية ، واقتصادية ،وسبرانية )، بخلاف التشريعا

هدفت هذه الدراسة الى مدى توافر مهارات التفكير الناقد المتضمنة في أسئلة الملاحظة والمتوقعة في كتاب الاجتماعيات للصف الثاني المتوسط، استخدم المنهج الوصفي لتحليل المحتوى،  ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة أعدت أداة لمهارات التفكير الناقد تضمنت ستة مهارات رئيسة وهي: مهارة التفسير، التحليل، التقويم، الاستنتاج، الشرح، تنظيم الذات ,إذ تم تحليل أسئلة نهاية الفصول خاصة في كتاب الثاني المتوسط في ضوء مهارات التفكير الناقد

       تعد الروضة الكاظمية المقدسة من اهم الأماكن في مدينة بغداد، وهي أحدى المراكز التي حملت لواء الدفاع والجهاد ضد الاحتلال البريطاني، وتشكل النواة التي تهوى لها نفوس المسلمين من اغلب المدن والدول الإسلامية وكذلك الباحثين، فقد احيطت بالاهتمام من قبل الحكومات المتتابعة وكذلك من المحبين والناهلين من كراماتها، فأخذت الروضة المقدسة شكلاً مستطيل يضم عدد من المنشأة وضمت رفاة الصحابة، شمل الاهتم

The behavior of forced convection heat transfer characteristics through and over porous layer near a
heated flat plate at variable temperature has been investigated numerically. Two cases of variable wall
temperature boundary condition are studied. The first case is of linear temperature variation with position
along the flat plate and the second case is of sinusoidal temperature variation with time of heating. The flow field in the porous region is governed by the Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer equation, the thermal field in the porous region by the energy equation and the part over the porous matrix includes flow and heat transfer equations. Solutions of the problem have been carried out using a finite difference method through th

This research attempts to trace the most significant development caused by the information revolution, namely "the Communication Technology" which reduced the distances between different urban communities, or within a single one, eliminated the geographical boundaries and the transformed the world into a global village. This led to the emergence of new forms and bodies to those urban communities; perhaps the most important is the fragmentation of the major cities and the emergence of (Satellite Cities) with global links, rather than hinterlands to the local capital cities as in the past. But in spite of the technological tide of communications and its inevitable impacts, it stays, with all its possibilities, a reaction that occurs only i

This paper is a study of the effect of natural saliva (oral cavity) and a fluoride mouthwash on dental
amalgams .Two types electrodes were made the first was of a high copper amalgam while the second was
made from a low copper amalgam. They were immersed in two types of electrolytes for twelve hours and the whole galvanic cell was connected to a computer via a potentiosat. Their corrosion currents, corrosion
voltage and corrosion resistance was recorded and compared to find which medium that is usually has the
most severe effect on the amalgams corrosion.

This study focused on treating wastewater to remove phosphorus by adsorption onto natural
and local materials. Burned kaolin, porcelinite, bauxite and limestone were selected to be tested
as adsorption materials.The adsorption isotherms were evaluated by batch experiments, studying
the effects of pH, temperature and initial phosphorus concentration. The results showed that at pH
6, temperature 20°C and 300 mg/l initial phosphorus concentration; the sorption capacity was
0.61, 9, 10 and 13 mg/g at 10 h contact time, for burned kaolin, porcelanite, limestone and bauxite
respectively. As the pH increased from 2 to 10 the removal efficiency for the materials differs in
behaviour. The removal efficiency increased from 40

The present study deals with the optimum design of self supporting steel communication towers. A special technique is used to represent the tower as an equivalent hollow tapered beam with variable cross section. Then this method is employed to find the best layout of the tower among prespecified configurations. The formulation of the problem is applied to four types of tower layout
with K and X brace, with equal and unequal panels. The objective function is the total weight of the tower. The variables are the base and the top dimensions, the number of panels for the tower and member's cross section areas. The formulations of design constraints are based on the requirements of EIA and ANSI codes for allowable stresses in the members

Receipt date:08/26/2020 accepted date:9/8/2020 Publication date:12/31/2021

 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

        The research entitled (Moderation in Omani External Political Behavior 1970-2020. contained introduction and two sections conclusion and recommendations. The introduction included a general overview of the topic, and the importance of the political behavior o

Islamic shrines architecture is one of the Islamic Architectural building types. It is called (Thresholds); (Atabat) in Arabic. Thoroughbred throughout the Islamic world from the east to west. In addition, it carries the style features and peculiarities of uniqueness from the rest of the types of Islamic architecture. By virtue of the particularity of its function as tomb for important person in Islamic history. Islamic shrines architecture has grown and evolved in started from the small shrines, and then taken to widen with the evolution of time in line with the value of the event and the rituals associated with it. Some of them to became centers of large cities of the largest in many parts of the Islamic world.

sensor sampling rate (SSR) may be an effective and crucial field in networked control systems.  Changing sensor sampling period after designing the networked control system is a critical matter for the stability of the system. In this article, a wireless networked control system with multi-rate sensor sampling is proposed to control the temperature of a multi-zone greenhouse. Here, a behavior based Mamdany fuzzy system is used in three approaches, first is to design the fuzzy temperature controller, second is to design a fuzzy gain selector and third is to design a fuzzy error handler. The main approach of the control system design is to control the input gain of the fuzzy temperature controller depending on the cur

Many organizations today are  interesting to implementing lean manufacturing principles  that should enable them to eliminating the wastes to reducing a  manufacturing lead time.  This paper concentrates on  increasing  the competitive level of the company in globalization markets and improving of the productivity by reducing the manufacturing lead time. This will be by using the main tool of lean manufacturing which is value stream mapping (VSM) to identifying all the activities of manufacturing process (value and non-value added activities) to reducing elimination of wastes (non-value added activities) by converting a manufacturing system to pull instead of push by applying some of pull system strategies a

Experimental model was done for pile model of L / D = 25 installed into a laminar shear box contains different saturation soil densities (loose and dense sand) to evaluate the variation of pore water pressure before and after apply seismic loading. Two pore water pressure transducers placed at position near the middle and bottom of pile model to evaluate the pore water pressure during pullout tests. Seismic loading applied by uniaxial shaking table device, while the pullout tests were conducted through pullout device. The results of changing pore water pressure showed that the variation of pore water pressure near the bottom of pile is more than variation near the middle of pile in all tests. The variation of pore water

 This paper proposes a design and implementation method of DPLL frequency synthesizer system. Such a system offers many advantages such as minimum complex architecture, low power consumption, and a maximum use

 This research deals with the study of the production of an acid resistant mortar using local raw materials. The produced acid resistant mortar is to be used as a protective coat to protect the

The purpose of this paper is to gain a good understanding about wake region behind the car body due to the aerodynamic effect when the air flows over the road vehicle during its movement. The main goal of this study is to discuss the effect of the geometry on the wake region and the aerodynamic drag coefficient. Results will be achieved by using two different shapes, which are the fastback and the notchback. The study will be implemented by the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) by using STAR-CCM+^® software for the simulation. This study investigates the steady turbulent flow using k-epsilon turbulence model. The results obtained from the simulation show that the region of the air separation behind the vehicle

Cathodic protection is a corrosion-prevention technique which uses the electrochemical
properties of metals to insure that the structure to be protected becomes the cathode of an
electrolytic cell Laboratory evaluation was conducted on zinc electrode as anode material that used for sacrificial anode cathodic protection (SACP)of carbon steel. Rate of zinc consumption during cathodic protection of carbon steel pipeline carrying seawater (4 % w/v NaCl solution) were measured by the loss in weight technique. Variables studied were seawater temperature (0-45o C), flow rate (5-900 lit/h), pH (2-12) and duration time (1-4 h). It was found that the rate of zinc consumption increases with increasing seawater temperature, flow rate and

Physical and chemical adsorption analyses were carried out by nitrogen gas using ASTM apparatus at 77 K
and hydrogen gas using volumetric apparatus at room temperature respectively. These analyses were used for
determination the effect of coke deposition and poisoning metal on surface area, pore size distribution and
metal surface area of fresh and spent hydrodesulphurization catalyst Co-Mo\Al2O3 .
Samples of catalyst (fresh and spent) used in this study are taken from AL-Dura refinery.
The results of physical adsorption shows that surface area of spent catalyst reduced to third compare with
fresh catalyst and these catalysts exhibit behavior of type four according to BET classification ,so, the pores
of these sample

There many methods for estimation of permeability. In this Paper, permeability has been estimated by two methods. The conventional and modified methods are used to calculate flow zone indicator (FZI). The hydraulic flow unit (HU) was identified by FZI technique. This technique is effective in predicting the permeability in un-cored intervals/wells. HU is related with FZI and rock quality index (RQI). All available cores from 7 wells (Su -4, Su -5, Su -7, Su -8, Su -9, Su -12, and Su -14) were used to be database for HU classification. The plot of probability cumulative of FZI is used. The plot of core-derived probability FZI for both modified and conventional method which indicates 4 Hu (A, B, C and D) for Nahr Umr forma

The emerging M-commerce (mobile +e-commerce) needs more support in operating systems in order to be successful over a wireless environment. The system needs to support a seamlessintegrati n to support voice, audio and conventional data. It should also support many users with guaranteed quality. In this paper, a new effective design protocol for Code Division Multiple Access(CDMA) mobile systems with Variable Spreading Factor (VSF) is presented, such that various Quality of Service (QoS) based on different traffic types can be provided. Increasing spreading factors can benefit the system because it will increase the desired signal strength linearly. The measured Bit Error Rate (BER) can be reduced 75 times with a long spreading factor. By

 his study involves the development of expert systems software to present the necessary experience covering the variotrs cases of the earth-moving plant selection and management

Shatt al-Arab is the only navigational artery in Iraq, extending from the city of Qurna to its mouth in the Arabian Gulf at the city of Al-Fao within the governorate of Basrah for a length of approximately 204 km. Its width ranges from 400 m to 2000 m, and its depth ranges from 8 m to 20 m. The southern part of it, 93 km long from Umm al-Rassas Island to Ras al-Bisha, represents the international border between Iraq and Iran, where the Thalweg line represents the border between the two countries, which is the deepest point in the riverbed (according to the 1975 Algiers Agreement). The western bank (the Iraqi side) within the common border of Shatt al-Arab is subject to continuous erosion, which leads to the shifting of t

The world is confronted with the twin crisis of fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation caused by fossil fuel usage. Biodiesel produced from renewable feedstocks such as Jatropha seed oil or animal fats by transesterification offers a solution. Although biodiesel has been produced from various vegetable oils such as Jatropha seed oil, the reaction kinetics studies are very few in literature, hence the need for this study. Jatropha curcas seed oil was extracted and analyzed to determine its free fatty acid and fatty acid composition. The oil was transesterified with methanol at a molar ratio of methanol to oil 8:1, using 1% sodium hydroxide catalyst, at different temperature

An analytical approach based on field data was used to determine the strength capacity of large diameter bored type piles. Also the deformations and settlements were evaluated for both vertical and lateral loadings. The analytical predictions are compared to field data obtained from a proto-type test pile used at Tharthar –Tigris canal Bridge. They were found to be with acceptable agreement of 12% deviation.

               Following ASTM standards D1143M-07e1,2010, a test schedule of five loading cycles were proposed for vertical loads and series of cyclic loads to simulate horizontal loading .The load test results and analytical data of 1.95

     This study aim to determine Babesia bovis infection in cattle based on genetic methods. A total of 96 blood samples were collected from alive and slaughtered cattle from different areas in addition to the abattoir of Al-Qadisiyah province from December 2013 to August 2014. Real time polymerase chain reaction (RT.PCR) technique was used to detect the presence of the protozoan with the effect of animal's age and sex in the infection rate 47.91 % (46/96) of examined cattle were given positive result to B. bovis infection. The highest infections were shown among the adult cattle (≥1 year), while there was non-significant difference (P>0.05) in the infection rate according to the sex. So the mos

Random Number Generators (RNGs) are an important building block for algorithms and protocols in
cryptography. They are dominant in the construction of encryption keys and other cryptographic algorithm parameters. In practice, statistical testing is employed to gather evidence that a generator indeed produces numbers that appear to be random. In this paper a new algorithm is proposed to generate variable length random binary sequence. The random sequence is generated by selecting different point from hashed digital images; the selecting process is organized in such a way to ensure randomness and to avoid regeneration of same sequence within a year. The generated sequences are tested to meet the National Institute of Standard and Techno

An analysis was performed on the treated water from two water treatment plants in Baghdad
city. This analysis was used to evaluate the stability of the treated water from these plants and
that will flow in the distribution system to consider its corrosivity. The variation in water
stability with time and distance from the north to the south of Baghdad was indicated. The
analysis showed that the flowing water in the distribution system in Baghdad is corrosive to very
corrosive water by calculating Ryznar stability index (RI). In Al- Karkh WTP in the north, RI
maximum ranged between 7.958 to 9.403 where RI minimum ranged between 7.03 to 7.915.
Where in the south Al-Rasheed WTP, RI maximum ranged between 7.119 to 8.63 a