A PID controller satellite attitude yaw-axis control system was designed to step the angle of the satellite body via actuating a precise angular position of a DC motor as quickly and accurately as most optimally possible. The (PID) controller was advantageously chosen for its quick transient response and zero steady-state error. A mathematical model has been derived for the whole satellite attitude yaw-axis control
system. Then, the computation power of the MATLAB is utilized to obtain a generalized optimal controller design that enables the satellite attitude yaw-axis control system to have the quickest settling time without excessive overshoot and zero steady state error.

In general, path-planning problem is one of most important task in the field of robotics. This paper describes the path-planning problem of mobile robot based on various metaheuristic algorithms. The suitable collision free path of a robot must satisfies certain optimization criteria such as feasibility, minimum path length, safety and smoothness and so on. In this research, various three approaches namely, PSO, Firefly and proposed hybrid FFCPSO are applied in static, known environment to solve the global path-planning problem in three cases. The first case used single mobile robot, the second case used three independent mobile robots and the third case applied three follow up mobile robot.  Simulation results, whi

Most available methods for unit hydrographs (SUH) derivation involve manual, subjective fitting of
a hydrograph through a few data points. The use of probability distributions for the derivation of synthetic
hydrographs had received much attention because of its similarity with unit hydrograph properties. In this
paper, the use of two flexible probability distributions is presented. For each distribution the unknown
parameters were derived in terms of the time to peak(tp), and the peak discharge(Qp). A simple Matlab
program is prepared for calculating these parameters and their validity was checked using comparison
with field data. Application to field data shows that the gamma and lognormal distributions had fit well.<

Low bearing capacity of weak soil under shallow footings represents one of construction problems.
Kaolin with water content converges to liquid limit used to represent the weak soil under shallow
footing prototype. On the other hand, fly ash, which can be defined as undesirable industrial waste
material, was used to improve the bearing capacity of the soft soil considered in this research. The soft
soil was prepared in steel box (36×36×25) cm and shallow square footing prototype (6×6) cm were
used .Group of physical and chemical tests were conducted on kaolin and fly ash. The soft soil was
improved by a bed of compacted fly ash placed under the footing with dimensions equal to that of
footing but with different de

Analytical model is used in this paper to predict the load carrying capacity of structural concrete members under flexural and normal force which can be concentric or eccentric. The analysis is based on requirement of equilibrium and compatibility of strain in concrete and steel or FRP. The adopted model is based on the real stress strain diagrams for materials. In accordance with this model, the member cross section is covered by a mesh with the smallest cells. After that, stress or strain is determined in each cell and the integral is substituted by the process of summation to define the elements of stiffness matrix. The force vectors equations have nonlinear behaviour. However, in this model, these nonlinear equations are changed to l

إن منظمة شنغهاي للتعاون –(Shanghai Cooperation Organization SCO) هي منظمة دولية إقليمية حكومية فريدة من نوعها أُسست من قبل الصين،

روسيا، كازاخستان، قرغيزستان، طاجيكستان وأوزبكستان بمدينة شنغهاي

الصينية في 51 حزيران 1005 . تتجاوز مساحة الدول الأعضاء للمنظمة حالياً

00 مليون و 581 ألف كيلومترمربع أي ما يساوي ثلاثة أخماس مساحة قارتي

أوروبا وآسيا، ويبلغ عدد سكان الدول الأعضاء فيها نحو نصف تعداد سكان العالم.

لها

تزايدت أهمية التزامات المطابقة للبضائع في الانظمة القانونية المختلفة مع التطور الذي طرأ على اقتصاد السوق, وفي الوقت الذي اصبحت فيه التجارة أكثر أهمية في حياة الشعوب, امست مشاكل عدم المطابقة تحتل الصدارة في عقود بيع البضائع. وفي ظل اتفاقية فيينا 1980 نلاحظ أن النصوص المتعلقة بالمطابقة استندت على مفهوم موحد في هذا المجال, على الأقل فيما يتعلق بالجوانب المادية لتسليم البضائع " جودتها, كميتها, مطابقتها للوصف والا

The aim of the research is to identify the educational and psychological effects of the positive and negative aspects of using social networking websites. The researcher administered a number of questions to (250) users of different types of social networking websites. He analyzed his research results and obtained a number of results. The research has reached a number of recommendations and suggestion: Regulating the use of social media. Monitoring the parents of the sites used by children in a way that they do not feel they are observers. It is necessary to devote an hour daily to show the importance of real social life for children other than using social media. It is necessary to show the importance of choosing friends who hav

The present paper presents an approach to optimize tooth contact analysis (TCA) of spiral bevel gear drivin by controlling the machine-tool settings that directly affects the shape of tooth and behavior of meshing and contact for mating gears. The proposed settings provide a pre-designed parabolic function of transmission errors and the desired location and orientation of the bearing contact. The main goal of detecting the pre-designed parabolic function of transmission errors is to
reduce the gear noise which can be done by absorbing the linear function of transmission errors that are caused by gear misalignment. The model is generated with means of CAD software package and solid works program, the basic input design data imported

The aim of the current research is to know the degree to which middle school teachers and female teachers in the southern border schools use electronic educational alternatives in the field of education from their point of view and its relationship to some variables, and to achieve this goal, a random sample of (200) teachers was selected in southern border schools, and a questionnaire was prepared to collect The data, as well as the descriptive approach was used to achieve this goal. T-test and analysis of variance were used for the statistical treatment. The results concluded that the educational courses provided to male and female teachers are not sufficient. It has also been concluded that the use of electronic educational alternativ

      An experimental and computational study is conducted to analyze the thermal performance of heat sinks and to pick up more profound information in this imperative field in the electronic cooling. One important approach to improve the heat transfer on the air-side of the heat exchanger is to adjust the fin geometry. Experiments are conducted to explore the impact of the changing of diverse operational and geometrical parameters on the heat sink thermal
performance. The working fluid used is air. Operational parameters includes: air Reynolds number (from 23597 to 3848.9) and heat flux (from 3954 to 38357 W/m
2 ). Conformational parameters includes: change the direction of air flow and the area of conduct

Consuming of by-product or waste materials in highway engineering is significant in the construction of new roads and/or in renovations of the existing ones. Pulverised Fuel ash (PFA), which is a by-product material of burning coal in power stations, is one of these materials that might be incorporated instead of mineral filler in hot asphalt mixtures.

Two types of surface course mixtures have been prepared one with conventional mineral filler i.e. ordinary Portland cement (OPC) while the second was with PFA. Several testings have been conducted to indicate the mechanical properties which were Marshall Stability and Indirect Tensile Strength tests. On the other hand, moisture damage and ageing have been evaluated

Qaiyarah oil field is characterized by its complexity due to its extra heavy oil reaching 16° API. Thus, building a systematic PVT model for this field at a specific range of temperatures is a powerful challenge for screening such reservoirs. The peng-Robenson equation of state model with up to six pseudo components was developed for the crude sample of the Qaiyarah oil field. This work represents the fingerprint for constructing a dynamic model for the field under study. The model also applies to the heavy oil reservoirs under splitting and lumping scenarios. This work suggests a lumping scheme to enhance the accuracy and CPU performance of compositional reservoir simulations. Therefore, the full components model (13 c

Semi-deep foundations are a viable option when the soil under the foundation is loose and extended to a significant depth, also, when traditional methods of improvement are not feasible applying piles would not be a practical choice due to their high cost and time-consuming installation process. Skirted foundations are a sort of semi-deep foundation that can penetrate the soil to a depth that is twice their width. Skirted foundations, in which a vertical or inclined wall surrounds one or more sides of the soil mass under the footing, are recommended methods to increase the soil's bearing capacity. The walls work to reduce settlement while enhancing load capacity and failure depth in soils with low shear strength. This pa

ان محكمة التمييز الاتحادية هي محكمة قانون تراقب المحاكم الأدنى منها من خلال تدقيقها للأحكام والقرارات التي تصدرها هذه المحاكم ، وان رقابتها تنصب على الجانب القانوني للحكم الجزائي فهي تراقب مدى التزام محاكم الموضوع بالتطبيق الصحيح لقواعد القانون الموضوعي والشكلي والمتمثل في عملية التكييف القانوني ،اذ اناط المشرع لمحكمة التمييز الاتحادية الرقابة على التكييف القانوني كونه من المسائل القانونية وبالتالي تك

This paper reports an experimental study regarding the influence of vertical oscillations on the natural convection heat transfer from a vertical channel. An experimental set-up was constructed and calibrated; the vertical channel was tested in atmosphere at 25o
C. The channel-to-ambient temperature difference was varied with the power supply to the electrical heater ranging between
15W to 70W divided into five levels. Data sets were measured under different operating condition from a test rig under six vibrating velocities (VVs) levels ranging from (5-30 m/s) in addition to the stationary state. The results show that the maximum heat transfer enhancement factor (E) occurs at Rayleigh number (Ra=2.328×103 ) and vibrational Reynol

The current research aims to identify the problems and needs for both college of political science and college of engineering’s students. The sample was (100) male and female student. The results showed bunch of problems which could be organized descendingly, the scientific domain ranged between (2 - 2.42), the mean of the psychological domain was (2.85), the moral domain ranged between (2.2 – 2.28)m the problems of study earned (2.30), the material domain got (1.95), the medical and social domain obtained (1.925), and finally, the family domain received (1.887).

The research aim to know the effect of note–taking by computer method as amentalactivators in achievement of physics subject for the first intermediate class students.

To investigate from aim of the research the research sample was chosen from the first intermediate class students in Al–mutamyzat secondary school for girls. Which belongs to the general administration for the second karkh education which randomly chosen from (9) schools for distinct female students in Baghdad. Then randomly chosen two sections form three about (80) female students at (66.667%) from total sample it’s about (120) female student in the three sections. The randomly chosen too, section (a) to represent experimental group it’s about (41) female

Acquires this research importance of addressing the subject (environmental
problems) with age group task, a category that children pre-school, and also
reflected the importance of research, because the (environmental problems)
constitute a major threat to the continuation of human life, particularly the
children, so the environment is Bmchkladtha within kindergarten programs
represent the basis of a hub of learning where the axis, where the kindergarten took
into account included in the programs in order to help the development of
environmental awareness among children and get them used to the sound practices
and behaviors since childhood .
From the foregoing I felt the researcher that the phenomenon of (enviro

هدف البحث الحالي الى الكشف عن درجة تضمين مؤشرات الذكاءات المتعددة وتوزيعها في كتاب العلوم للمرحلة الابتدائية  ممثلة بوحدات التحليل (المادة العلمية والأنشطة معا)،  ولتحقيق هدف البحث  تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي- أسلوب تحليل المحتوى،  وتألفت  عينة البحث من كتاب العلوم  للصفوف الثلاثة الأولى ( الاول  ابتدائي، الثاني ابتدائي،  الثالث ابتدائي )  وعددها (3)  كتب،  وأظهرت   نتا

A numerical method is developed for calculation of the wake geometry and aerodynamic forces on two-dimensional airfoil under going an arbitrary unsteady motion in an inviscid incompressible flow (panel method). The method is applied to sudden change in airfoil incidence angle and airfoil oscillations at high reduced frequency. The effect of non-linear wake on the unsteady aerodynamic properties and oscillatory amplitude on wake rollup and aerodynamic forces has been studied. The results of the present method shows good accuracy as compared with flat plate and for unsteady motion with heaving and pitching oscillation the present method also shows good trend with the experimental results taken from published data. The method shows good res

This study aimed to identify attitudes towards mental illness in pregnant female clients to clinics women in the province of Ramallah and Al Bireh, for this purpose applied to study procedures on a sample of (200) of pregnant mothers were selected a sample available, have reached results no statistically significant differences in the level of attitudes towards mental illness due to the variable age in mothers pregnant female clients to clinics for women. Ther were astatistically significant differences in the level of these trends depending on the variable-level scientific research for the benefit of pregnant class university students and older and then high school and so on all areas except the area of social interaction, The results a

Statistics indicate criminal in most countries of the world that the suicide rate continues to increase, as it prevalence manufacturing and complexity of life and the intensification of conflicts and escalating problems of rising suicide rates. And suicide is death intentional, that is, the intentional act that leads to ending the life of the individual and self-on purpose. The current research aims to identify the suicide in terms of its causes and its factors and come up with recommendations for the prevention of suicide. Because suicide is a life-threatening problem has tried several theories of interpretation and stand on its grounds. Considering the theories of psychoanalysis (Freud) that suicide is the result of the individ

Since the beginning of Philosophical thinking, philosophers had interested in matters that related to psychology. Greek philosophy had sought different psychological cases such as knowledge, thought, sense, and cognition. Plato classified cognitive processes and distinguished between intelligence, emotions, and desires. As Aristotle believed that soul is the essence of human beings that characterize it from other creatures. Regarding the European philosophy, Descartes linked the optics field to psychology that comprises theories about visual perception. Then, john Watson who interested in behaviorism, he believes that the interpretation of behavior will be materialistic. However, the evolutionary view had great effect on psychology that

  هدف البحث الى معرفة اثر استراتيجية الخطوات السبع PQ5R في ما وراء الفهم عند طالبات الخامس العلمي في الثانويات والاعداديات الحكومية الصباحية وقد حددت الباحثتان بالطريقة القصدية اعدادية الزمر للبنات قسم تربية ديالى مديرية تربية ديالى لتكن طالباتها عينة البحث للعام الدراسي (2024-2023) وتم اختيارشعبتين لتمثل احدهما مجموعة تجريبية تدرس بأستراتيجية الخطوات السبع PQ5R واخرى مجموعة ضابطة تدرس بطريقة اعتيادية, وتم ال

Due to their variable and intermittent nature, the integration of renewable energy sources poses control challenges related to voltage and frequency stability in isolated microgrids. This paper proposes an enhanced dynamic droop control strategy optimized in active time along with a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) comprising Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), supercapacitors (SUPCA), and Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) to improve microgrid stability. The Dynamic Droop Gains (DDG) are continuously tuned using the rapid-converging SECANT numerical method to enhance transient response and steady-state performance, this was achieved using MATLAB/Simulink. The HESS combines the complementary characterist

Battered piles are beneficial when used as foundations where significant lateral resistance is required, which could result from extreme water waves, winds, soil pressures, massive hits of explosions, or earthquakes. Experimental and numerical research must focus on that direction to reveal how these foundations behave under different loading conditions. The present study reviews the investigations conducted on the performance of batter pile foundations and attempts to understand and cover various aspects related to this issue; after conducting the review, the results indicate that the negative battered piles provide an efficient lateral stiffness corresponding to positive battered piles and a vertical one. Also, lateral

Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) exhibits many characteristics of both asphalt and rigid pavements, but their use is restricted. Many reasons led to this decision, including the fact that RCC is a type of concrete mixture that requires a specific consistency. It should be firm enough to be compacted by a roller compactor but also have enough moisture to ensure even distribution. The lab-field performance difference of RCC is another reason for decreasing its use. The laboratory RCC mixes are prepared using the modified Proctor compaction method. Subsequently, specimens are fabricated utilizing a vibratory hammer (VH) to evaluate their strength properties. Nevertheless, in the construction industry, pavement is built ut

Adaptive cruise control (ACC) assists automobiles in preserving a safe following distance and adhering to speed limits. This advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS) modifies the car's speed to keep a safe gap from oncoming traffic. All vehicle types include combustion engines, pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and methods of operation; controllers are designed to react to cruise control signals and provide an efficient route profile according to the surrounding environment and instantaneous vehicle performance characteristics. ACC uses a perception system to measure the forward vehicle's current distance, speed, and acceleration relative to the host vehicle. Some of these systems use lasers, radar, came