Background: Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) affect 1-3% of the population and impose substantial pain-related morbidity, yet vascular pain remains underrecognized in clinical practice and research.

Objectives: This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management strategies for VLU-associated pain.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science (January 2015-July 2025) following SANRA guidelines. Search terms included "vascular pain", "venous leg ulcer", "chronic venous disease" and related terminology. Studies addressing pathophysiology, clinical charac

Background: Gallstone disease is a major global health problem, the prevalence of which depends on metabolic, genetic, and infectious factors. Recent reports point out that Gram-positive bacteria, mainly Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus species, are also involved in the development of gallstones via enzyme action and biofilm formation.

Objectives: To characterize Gram-positive bacteria within gallstones from Iraqi patients, evaluate their biofilm-forming capacity, and analyze the relationship between bacterial colonization, gallstone type, as well as cholesterol levels.

Methods: A total of 100 gallstones were obtained from 100 patients undergoing

Background: Burn injuries disrupt skin barriers and weaken immune defenses, predisposing patients to opportunistic, drug-resistant Gram-negative infections. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted prevention and treatment strategies in burn care settings.
Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, pattern as well as clinical significance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii in patients with burns.
Method: A prospective observational study was conducted from April 2024 to April 2025. One hundred and fifty clinical samples from burn patients were collected and processed using standard microbiological methods. Identification of

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow. In most patients, monoclonal immunoglobulin heavy chains or light chains are produced and are associated with organ dysfunction. The growth factor B-cell activating factor (BAFF) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma due to its ability to promote B-cell survival, expansion, and differentiation.

Objective:  to measure the circulatory level of B-cell activating factor in multiple myeloma patients in relapsed and remission states and explore its possible correlations with the clinical staging, β2-microglobulin, and interleukin-6.

Metho

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent non-cutaneous malignancy and the second-leading cause of cancer-relatedmortality among males. Cancer is just one of the several disorders that may be linked to variations in trace element concentrations.
Objective: To evaluate serum arrestin β-2 as a prostate cancer tumor marker and its association with trace elements.
Methods: This case- control study was carried out at the Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad and at the Urology department, Ghazi Al-Hariri Hospital for Surgical Specialities during the period from March 2022 to May 2023. In this case-control study 120 males were enrolled:

Background: Many characteristics between benign and malignant prostatic tumor which considered similar that make the diagnosis defaults in spacemen of the tumor. The immunohistochemical procedure can improves conventional tumor morphology by identifying lineage- and tumor-associated proteins or markers, facilitating confirmation of prostate origin and distinguish between benign and malignancy tumors.
Objectives: This review highlights the pivotal role of immunohistochemistry in differentiating Prostate cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia by evaluating both positive and negative tissue markers.
Methods: A narrative review was conducted using methodological features to evalu

both strongly associated with vascular and metabolic complications. Endothelin-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor that plays a key role in vascular tone regulation and endothelial function.

Objective: To evaluate serum Endothelin-1 levels, lipid profile parameters (total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides), and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes and essential hypertension compared with healthy controls, in order to assess their association with vascular injury and metabolic risk.

Methods: A case-control study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad. Between November 2024 and February 2025, a sample of patients were recruited f

   Swelling is recurring challenges, which can lead to formation damage and compromising the wellbore integrity. Synergizing nanomaterials with their distinctive properties, alongside cost-effective materials, can provide a significant approach in enhancing the treatment of wellbore stability. This study employs a green, simple, and economical approach for the biosynthesis of SiO₂/KCl/Xanthan nanocomposites (NCs), aimed at reducing swelling and improving the rheological and filtration properties of Water-Based Drilling Fluids (WBDFs). The impact of SiO₂/KCl/Xanthan nanocomposite on swelling was assessed, followed by a comprehensive investigation into fluid’s filtration and rheological properties, including apparent viscosity, pla

Abstract

The family Anacariaceae, which includes the species Rhus coriaria L., is a widely recognised spice often known as Sumac. It is classified within the Rhus genus and boasts a diverse range of over 250 species. Sumac is an abundant and naturally occurring botanical resource that possesses a diverse array of bioactive chemicals, hence rendering it highly versatile in terms of its potential therapeutics. The literatures indicate that it comprises many metabolites, such as hydrolysable tannins, minerals, and conjugated phenolic acids. Sumac has significant antioxidant activities attributed to the presence of phenolic components, specifically gallic acid and its derivatives. Sumac is commonly e

Several adipokines are produced and secreted from adipose tissue, such as retinol binding protein-4, which triggers metabolic syndromes and insulin resistance. Retinol binding protein-4 transfers vitamin A or retinol in the blood. Higher levels of retinol binding protein-4 are interrelated with progress of metabolic disease, comprising obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study investigates the role of retinol-binding protein-4 levels in type 2 diabetic Iraqi patients with metabolic syndrome. Sixty type 2 diabetic patients aged 40–53 years were examined. Of these 30 patients has metabolic syndrome and 30 without metabolic syndrome. The patients sampled were from the National Diabetes Center/ Mustansiriyah

Azo ligand 4-((2-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)diazenyl) benzoic acid was synthesized from 4-aminobenzoic acid and 2,4- dimethylphenol. Azo dye compounds have been characterized by different techniques (1H-NMR, UV-Vis and FT-IR). Metal chelates of (ZnII, CdII and HgII) have been synthesized with azo ligand (L). Produced compounds have been identified by using spectral studies, elemental analysis(C.H.N.) and conductivity. Produced metal chelates were studied using mole ratio as well sequences contrast types. Rate of concentration(1×10-4-3×10-4 Mole/L) sequence Beer's law. Compound solutions have been noticed height molar absorptivity. The addendum of ligand and compounds has applied as disperse dyes on cotton fabrics for antibacterial activit

Abstract Objectives: This research seeks to highlight one of the important topics artificial intelligence and its impact on education and media. This issue has received considerable attention from international institutions and organizations in order to keep pace with the world's current progress. The study provided an overview of the concept of artificial intelligence, its definitions, its importance and characteristics and its impact on education in general and on the student and teacher in particular, as well as linking the subject of education to the media because social media that is one of the media has a great impact on the academic community. Methods: This study relied on the analytical descriptive curriculum where one of the curr

An experiment was conducted at the central lab of Graduate studies - College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad during 2015-2016. The objective was to study the effect of growth regulator on inducing callus from embryos of two alfalfa cultivars (PAC-78001 and local) variety by tissue culture technique using factorial experiments according to CRD. Seeds sterilized by NaOCl at 4.5% for 15 minutes, then, cultured on MS media free of growth regulators to embryo induced. The embryos were cultured on MS media at different concentrations of 2,4-D (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) mg Li^-1. Induced callus from embryos was cultured on MS media supplementing with Kin. at 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1 mg Li^-1 to determ

This study was conducted during the seasons 2009 and 2010 using local Red onion cultivar in order to determine the plant densities (the best distance between the plants) and the timing control (the best time to spray fungicide) for the purpose of reducing Downy Mildew (DM) incidence and severity, to improve the quality of vegetative growth and flowering in order to achieve high seed yielding. The distances 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 cm between the plants were used, and six dates of spraying the fungicide (Redomil MZ 72 WP) was attempted; after one month of planting, after 60 days of planting, twice spraying one after one month followed with another after a month, when reveal 50% of flowering racemes, and after 100% of the plants was

This experiment carried out at the research station of the College of Agriculture-University of Baghdad during seasons, spring and autumn 2015. Used in agriculture seeds of hybrid primal, one of the short Cultivars. the aim of the experiment study the effect of iron, zinc spray and add organic nutrient in the vegetative growth and plant yield of green beans. The experiment was designed as an experiment factorial 3 * 4 and three blocks according to the experimental design RCBD includes every block 12 treatments resulting from interaction spray four treatments (0, 0.5 Zn ml. L^-1water, 2g Fe.L^-1 water and Fe + Zn) and add three levels of humic acid (0, 2 and 3) kg ha^-1, after melted

The aim of this study is to focus on the investment priorities in the agricultural scientific research in Iraq for three cereals crops (Rice Amber Al Baraka Buhooth2, Corn Synthetic genotype Fajer1, and wheat Buhooth158) for the year (2012) respectively by using analysis method named police Analysis Matrix. This method is considered being a way of knowing the impact of investment in the agricultural scientific research, and it is done by calculating Profitability coefficient, Domestic Resource Cost coefficient, Producer Subsidy Ratio coefficient, and Private Cost coefficient Ratio for the

The aim of this study is to calculate the marketing efficiency to measures range of efficiency of the marketing processes of crop and their satisfaction of consumer demand, and calculate the marketing margin in marketing process  for stage producer – whole sale and whole sale- retailer stage, and to fulfillment the requirements the research it is aims . The data was collected from 32 farms of tomato from AL-Taji District_Baghdad province Agricultural season 2015 non covered agriculture. The marketing efficiency of sample low 32. 5, and the  absolute marketing margin in stage of wholesaler-retailer was 230 I.d/kg, and retailers importance it was 39.36%, although that relative importance of the retailer profits from the

The issue of freedom is the most prominent and distinctive issue of Western thought, which it reached after a long struggle. The English thinker John Stuart Mill is considered the most prominent Western thinker who elaborated on the issue of freedom, until his ideas on the issue of freedom became the semi-final formula for issues of freedom in Western thought, which revolve in their entirety on The individual has complete freedom as long as it does not harm others, and this freedom is controlled by law.

And if the freedoms he offered were not considered an achievement in Western thought; Freedom in Islam is a central and fundamental issue, and the details of freedoms in Islam have not been accomplished by anyone, but rather came

The research paper talks about one of the topics that deals with one of the high-style styles in the Holy Qur’an that carries with it a high and influential style in directing the Qur’anic context, as the verses are singled out with certain words, each of which came out to other meanings, which is what was called in the past “what the wording agreed and the meaning differed Or the so-called “faces and analogues” and the meaning of analogues in the language and the Qur’an; To mention a word in a place and it means a meaning other than the other, and to interpret each word with a meaning other than the other meant by the faces, and accordingly the goal of the research is in the linguistic significance, in order to reveal the tr

The field study of this paper focused on the motives for lawyers to use the website
of the Supreme Judicial Council, and the gratifications achieved as a result of its use.
This study sought to achieve a number of goals, including:
1. Monitoring the patterns of lawyers’ use of the website of the Supreme Judicial Council.
2. Determining the forms that lawyers use to interact on the website of the Supreme
Judicial Council.
This study is a descriptive in kind as the researcher relied on the ‘survey method’ in
its study of the external audience (lawyers) using the questionnaire and scale toolThe questionnaire was distributed among a deliberately chosen sample, consisting of
(160) lawyers who used the website of

This study aimed to determine the degree of psychological narcissism and the experience of psychological loneliness among young basketball players. It also sought to establish the relationship, contribution, and impact of psychological narcissism on the experience of psychological loneliness among young basketball players. The researcher hypothesizes that psychological narcissism and psychological loneliness among players have a moral correlation. The study focused on youth basketball and utilized a descriptive approach modeled on co-relational relationships. The community consisted of basketball players from Baghdad youth clubs who were training to participate in the local sports season (2023/234). The Sulaikh Club, Housing, and Industr

Abstract: Persian literature, after the spread of Islam in Pars, received a lot of influence from the subtle and rhetorical details of the Holy Quran. This effect is more in poetry than in prose because the weights of Persian poetry are closer to the melody of the Qur'an and its weights.The effectiveness of most of the prose works is only in the Quranic themes and words. Persian poetry that has benefited from various sciences of rhetoric, including semantics, eloquence and rhetoric. The degree and manner of influence of each of the didactic, lyrical, epic and travelogue literary types is different from the rhetorical points of the Quran. The instructions under educational literature have benefited the least from Quranic rhetoric. The max

يهدف البحث للكشف عن المعالجة الإخبارية التي تقوم بها القناتان الناطقة باللغة الكردية لأخبار الحكومة الاتحادية، وتحديد أُطر المعالجة الإخبارية لأخبار الحكومة الاتحادية في النشرات الإخبارية لفضائيتيRudaw، NRT، والتعرف على نوعية المضمون والكشف عن شكل المادة الإخبارية لأخبار الحكومة الاتحادية، واستخدم البحث الحصر الجزئي المتمثل بمجتمع البحث لمدة (ثلاثة أشهر) لرصد أخبار الحكومة الاتحادية في النشرات الإخبارية

The human intellect and his ability to complex thinking is a characteristic that Allah has given him above all his creatures. Islam came to encourage the utilization of the mind by thought, contemplation and consideration of the kingdom of Allah, His signs and religion, and He gave us a set of legislation that preserves the mind and protects it from falling into error or deviation.

This research deals with one of the most important components of civilizations in general and Islamic civilization in particular, which is thinking and what is related to it. It is an essential and influential component in man's dealing with life around him and the for

هدف البحث الى تصميم جهاز قياس اختبار حجم الانتباه لدى الملاكمين الناشئين واعداد تمرينات مهارية مصممه في تطوير حجم الانتباه والتعرف على تأثير التمرينات المهارية المصممة في تطوير حجم الانتباه لدى الملاكمين الناشئين في المراكز الوطنية لرعاية الموهبة الرياضية بالملاكمة وقد افترض الباحثان بان هناك فروق ذات دلالة احصائية بين الاختبارات البعدية بين المجموعة التجريبية والضابطة في اختبار حجم الانتباه. تم استخد

الخلفية: تظهرالإعتلالات المناعية المزمنة للأعصاب في الأطفال بشكل نوبات تصاعدية او ناكسة تسبب صعوبات في المشي، ضعف متناظر، وفي بعض الأحيان تنمل. يعتبر ظهور المرض في عمر الرضاعة والطفولة المبكرة والتكرار العائلي من المميزات غير القياسية.

عرض الحالة: نصف هنا شقيقين من عائلة عراقية لأبوين غير أقارب، حيث اصيبوا بنوبات حادة من إعتلال الأعصاب المحيطية المناعي المزيل للميلانين، في عمر الرض

The research deals with the Presidents of the Christians who called themselves (Ghaltka) in the book titled (orient chirsy patriarchs) that talked about their scientific practical biography adding to) that their completeness on the position of Ghaltka with its decrees and caliphs who were contemporaries to them ,as well as their places, deaths, cemeteries and their accomplishments In accordance with the powers granted to them and also it mentions the situation of The Abbasid caliphate with them and with the sons of their sect .

                    الحاله السريريه لمتلازمه استطالت ك ت في العراق                       

المقدمه: ان متلازمه استطالت ال ك ت سبب مهم للوفاه بسبب لا نظميات القلب البطينيه و تتميز بتغيرات تخطيط القلب المتمثله باستطالت فتره ال ك ت . هدف الدراسه: التوعيه السريريه لمتلازمه استطالت ال ك ت لتقليل عدم تشخيص ه

الخلفية يعتبر الصمام التاجي من اعقد التراكيب في القلب البشري و من اصعب الصمامات القلبية استكشافا من الناحية الجراحية. الطريقة التقليدية لاستكشاف الصمام التاجي هي فتح الاذين الايسر( ( LAA  و الطريقة البديلة هي فتح الاذين الايمن ثم الحاجز بين الاذينين ومن ثم فتح سقف الاذين الايسر (SSA) .هدف الدراسة:  كان الهدف من اجراء هذه الدراسة هو المقارنة بين هاتين الطريقتين.

الطرائق على مد

The mucilage was isolated from mustard seeds and identification by some different methods like, thermo gravimetric, FTlR., X-ray powdered, proton NMR, FTIR spectra of the three gums contain different functional group in the gums, major peaks  bands noticed were belong to OH (3410.15 – 3010.88) group from hydroxyl group, CH aliphatic (2925-2343.51), C-O (1072.42-1060.85) group and C=O 1743.65, Thermo chemical parameters of mucilage was evaluated  and compared with the standard gums, Results indicated the mucilage was decomposed in 392°C and mass loss 55%, The X ray process found the mucilage had single not sharp peak