تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على أسباب توجه طلبة التعليم العالي في دولة الامارت العربية المتحدة  بدراسة العلوم الاجتماعية، ولدراسة هذه الأسباب صممت الباحثة استبانة اشتملت على أربعة محاور، المحور الأول الأسباب الاجتماعية، والمحور الثاني الأسباب الثقافية، والمحور الثالث خصائص المواد الدراسية في العلوم الاجتماعية، والمحور الرابع خصائص القبول في قسم العلوم الاجتماعية، حيث تم توزيع الاستبان

تشكل الأخطار منذ القدم عائقا مهما أمام تقدم البشرية وتطورها وقد واجه الانسان منذ ان وجد على الكرة الارضية اخطارا مختلفة فالمخاطر الطبيعية كانت ولا زالت تهدد حياته وممتلكاته ، وقد كان ايضا لتقدم العلوم والتكنولوجيا ان تنوعت وازدادت المخاطر التي تواجه هذا الانسان فهو اليوم يعاني من اخطار الطاقة النووية وسقوط المركبات الفضائية والتلوث البيئي والاحتباس الحراري واخطار لم يسمع بها سابقا .

وقد كان الانسان د

Analysis and determination of some of the elastic moduli and other geotechnical parameters in the campus of the University of Baghdad performed by using New Sonic Viewer in the field to measure (Vp) and (Vs) velocities as well as the density of the upper soil inside the campus. Seventeen profiles were selected each of (10) m. length distributed randomly inside the university campus to evaluate the top soil properties in addition to the soil profile.
The ultrasonic waves showed two layers of the soil with different velocities of
(Vp) and (Vs). The velocities of p-wave of the first layer ranged from (288-642) m/sec. On other hand the velocities of shear wave (Vs) in the same layer ranged from (88-193) m/sec. In the second layer the v

In this article, we study the notion of closed Rickart modules. A right R-module M is said to be closed Rickart if, for each , is a closed submodule of M. Closed Rickart modules is a proper generalization of Rickart modules. Many properties of closed Rickart modules are investigated. Also, we provide some characterizations of closed Rickart modules. A necessary and sufficient condition is provided to ensure that this property is preserved under direct sums. Several connections between closed Rickart modules and other classes of modules are given. It is shown that every closed Rickart module is -nonsingular module. Examples which delineate this concept and some results are provided.

لا شك في أن الترجمة الصحيحة والدقيقة للمصطلحات والمفاهيم الدينية أمر في غاية الأهمية لمن يسعى الى توخي الدقة في ترجمته ويجتهد في إيصال المعاني إلى قراء اللغة المنقول إليها بدقة متناهية وسلاسة لغوية مع الأخذ بعين الاعتبار المخزون اللغوي والثقافي للغة المنقول إليها، لأن ذلك شرط رئيسي لإنجاح الترجمة.

           يسعى هذا البحث إلى إبراز بلاغة القران من خلال التطرق إلى تعدد معاني المص

In this note we consider a generalization of the notion of a purely extending
modules, defined using y– closed submodules.
We show that a ring R is purely y – extending if and only if every cyclic nonsingular
R – module is flat. In particular every nonsingular purely y extending ring is
principal flat.

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Bio-diesel is an attractive fuel fordiesel engines. The feedstock for bio-diesel production is usually vegetable oil, waste cooking oil, or animal fats. This work provides an overview concerning bio-diesel production. Also, this work focuses on the commercial production of biodiesel. The objective is to study the influence of these parameters on the yield of produced. The biodiesel production affecting by many parameters such s alcohol ratio (5%, 10%,15 %, 20%,25%,30%35% vol.), catalyst loading (5,10,15,20,25) g,temperature (45,50,55,60,65,70,75)°C,reaction time (0-6) h, mixing rate (400-1000) rpm. the maximum bio-diesel production yield (95%) was obtained using 20% methanol ratio and 15g biocatalyst at 60°C.

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Metaphor has been occupied first place among eloquent methods to build metaphors;
poetry with the latter becomes senseless thing. Metaphor is necessary part of energy that
sustains the poetry. Sentence of metaphor regarded more eloquent than the reality since it
does not conduct directly to the meaning , but rather get to it indirectly. Metaphor is
considered one of the most tools for the poet since it is a means of expression about his
sensation and feelings . Andalus paid concerns over metaphors as that being incited by their
country beauty and nature. The poet might resort to contradiction as to picture contraries
within himself.
Through pictures of contradictions depicted by the poets , it has explained that t

ينطبق مصطلح الفاعلين من غير الدول على جميع القوى أو المنظمات أو الجهات التي لا تؤسسها الدولة ولا تكون طرفاً فيها، ولها هويتها الخاصة، وتتمتع بإستقلال تام عن تمويل ومراقبة الحكومات، وتمتلك مواردها الخاصة التي تضمن لها تحقيق أهدافها في البيئة التي تنشط فيها. إن الفواعل من غير الدول بوصفها كيانات إجتماعية أو إقتصادية غير حكومية ، قد جاءت نتيجة التحول الحاصل في بنية النظام الدولي والسياسة الدولية بإتجاه النظام

أختبرت في هذه الدراسه حساسيه اختبار فرط الحساسية المتأخر وعلاقته ببعض معايير الخمج باللشمانيا في مجموعتين من حيوانات الهامستر المحقونه و كالآتي : حقنت المجموعة الأولى بطفيلي اللشمانيا الأحشائيه الحيه بينما حقنت المجموعةالثانية بلقاح عالق اللشمانيا الجلديه المقتولة بالحرارة . اظهرت المجموعه الثانيه اعلى معدل في تفاعل فرط الحساسية المتأخر(1.5 ±0.23ملم)  , واقل المعدلات في كل من معامل الطحال (2.02±0.15) , طول الط

This article deals with estimations of system Reliability for one component, two and s-out-of-k stress-strength system models with non-identical component strengths which are subjected to a common stress, using Exponentiated Exponential distribution with common scale parameter. Based on simulation, comparison studies are made between the ML, PC and LS estimators of these system reliabilities when scale parameter is known.

The general objective of surface shape descriptors techniques is to categorize several surface shapes from collection data. Gaussian (K) and Mean (H) curvatures are the most broadly utilized indicators for surface shape characterization in collection image analysis. This paper explains the details of some descriptions (K and H), The discriminating power of 3D descriptors taken away from 3D surfaces (faces) is analyzed and present the experiment results of applying these descriptions on 3D face (with polygon mesh and point cloud representations). The results shows that Gaussian and Mean curvatures are important to discover unique points on the 3d surface (face) and the experiment result shows that these curvatures are very useful for some

     The hiding of information has become of great importance in recent times. With dissemination through the internet, and communication through satellites, information needs to be secure. Therefore, a new algorithm is proposed that enables secret messages to be embedded inside satellite images, wherein images of any size or format can be hidden, using a system’s image compression techniques. This operation is executed in three main steps: first phase – the original image is converted into a raster image; second phase– steganography, in which a binary secret message is hidden inside a raster image, using a 4×4 array as the secret key; and third phase– compre

لا ريبَ في أَنَّ كُلًّا مِن المُفرَداتِ والتَّراكيبِ شَديدُ الأَهمِّيَّةِ، لكِن لَمّا كانَ الكَلامُ على المُفرَدات وعلى أَغلاطِ العَوامِّ والخَواصِّ فيها قَد راجَ رَواجًا كَبيرًا، وكانَ الحَديثُ في التَّراكيبِ وفي ما يَعْرِضُ لَها في الاستِعمالِ، ولا سِيَّما الأَساليبُ مِنها، أَقَلَّ وأَنزَرَ معَ أَنَّهُ لا يَقِلُّ خَطَرًا ولا أَهمِّيَّةً، بَل قَد يَكونُ أَخطَرَ وأَهَمَّ لِخَفائهِ ودِقَّتِهِ، ارتَأ

In the present paper, we have introduced some new definitions On D- compact topological group and D-L. compact topological group for the compactification in topological spaces and groups, we obtain some results related to D- compact topological group and D-L. compact topological group.

تسعى هذه الورقة النقدية الى الوقوف على الاعمال الادبية التي اتخذت من الرحلة الخيالية الى العالم الاخرـ الذي يغلب عليه ان يكون عالما للموتى ـ موضوعا لها ، بوصفها معادلا موضوعيا لحالة الحنق والضيق التي يعيشها الكاتب ومجتمعه ، ومن ثم كانت غاية هذه الرحالات الخيالية ، هي التنفيس عما يدور بداخلهم من صراع ، سببه تخلف مجتمعاتهم  وتدهورها ، فاحب هؤلاء الكتاب ان يكونوا من رواد الاصلاح ما استطاعوا عبر ما يتقنونه من

شخصية عباس محمود العَقَّاد الشاملة، وشهرته وعبقریّته في الأدب من جهة،ومن جهة أخریٰ قلّة تَعَرُّف الأوساط الأدبية والجامعية لشخصیته السِّیاسیَّة، وتفاعل الأدب والسياسة عنده، عوامل دفعتنی إلیٰ البحث عن أدبه وسياسته. هناك أدباء شخصياتهم أحادية البعد. يتمتّع الأديب من القريحة الأدبية، وإنّما يعرف من قضايا الأدب النظرية مسائل کثیرة،ولایهتم بالسیاسة وقضایاها . أما العقّاد جَمَع بين العقل، والعاطفة وكان صاحب

احدی طرائق معرفة الله هي معرفة النفس. هذا النوع من المعرفة بديهي وفي انسجام تام مع روح الصوفي لأنه ينشأ من عمق كيانه . هذا النوع من المعرفة بالله قديم قدم تاريخ البشرية. هناك آراء مختلفة بشأن تلازم هذين النوعين من المعرفة. تسعى هذه الدراسة  إلى شرح الاقوال الثلاثة الواردة في كتب الملا صدرا والأول: شهود الله من خلال معرفة النفس وحقائق المخلوقات التي تتجسد في الذهن الفعال والقول الثاني: شهود الله من خلال الارت

In this work, the photoluminescence spectra (PL) of porous silicon (PS) have been modified by adding gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to PS layer. PS was produced via Photo electro-chemical etching (PECE) method of n-type Si wafer with resistivity of about (10 Ω.cm) and (100) orientation. Laser wavelength of (630 nm) and illumination intensity of about (30 mW/cm2), etching current density of (10mA/cm2), and etching time of (4 min) were used during the etching process. The bare PS before metallic deposition process and porous silicon/gold nanoparticles (PS/AuNPs) structures were investigated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX). The photoluminescence spectra were investigated as a fu

Concentration of NORM then radiological hazard indices were investigated and assessed in different stages of oil and gas production industry that belongs to East Baghdad Oil Field. Sixteen samples of different types of materials were collected representing oil and gas production from first stage to final stage. The samples are prepared then sent to Radiation Protection Center (RPC) / Ministry of Environment for radioactivity analysis using gamma ray spectrometry system based on HPGe. The results show that max value of Ra-226 is 252.4 Bq/kg in sediment sample collected from the final stage of water treatment before it is transferred to disposal well and min value is 1.2 Bq/kg in formation water. The max. activity of Th-232 is 79.4Bq/kg al

The study area is located at AL Jabal AL-Akhdar region North Eastern part of Libya. The study includes (23) fresh samples that are taken from Darnah limestone Formation, these samples were distributed on and covered about (210) km2. The porosities and permeabilities of these samples were determined. This study is important because this formation is considered as a good reservoir for hydrocarbon accumulation in other places in Libya.
The porosity was measured by three different methods namely by porosimeter (using core samples), thin sections and binocular microscope. The permeability are also measured by two methods, the first method was by Nitrogen method and the other is by Klinkenberg method. The instrument that used for measuring

Saxifraga afghanica Aitch. & Hemsl. is a new addition to the Saxifragaceae family in Iraq, from Qandil mountain (north-east of Erbil) within Rowanduz district (MRO). The collected specimens have different characteristics. S. afghanica is perennial, herb, with crowded shoots forming cushions, many branched. Leaves sessil, narrowly oblong, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, oblanceolate or sub-spatulate, glabrous, entire, ciliated at lower half, apex leaves aggregated into a rosette, chalk glands (pits at the leaves apex) 5. Bracts cultrate, linear or narrowly oblong, glandular-pubescent. Inflorescence corymbose cyme, flowers (3-5), white-pink, stamens 10, ovary semi-inferior, styles 2, divergent, recurved at the top. Capsule globose-semi glo

Mining association rules is a popular and well-studied method of data mining tasks whose primary aim is the discovers of the correlation among sets of items in the transactional databases. However, generating high- quality association rules in a reasonable time from a given database has been considered as an important and challenging problem, especially with the fast increasing in database's size. Many algorithms for association rules mining have been already proposed with promosing results. In this paper, a new association rules mining algorithm based on Bees Swarm Optimization metaheuristic named Modified Bees Swarm Optimization for Association Rules Mining (MBSO-ARM) algorithm is proposed. Results show that the proposed algorithm can

In this paper, we introduce and study new types of soft open sets and soft closed
sets in soft bitopological spaces (X,~ ,~ ,E) 1 2   , namely, (1,2)*-maximal soft open
sets, (1,2)*-maximal soft (1,2)*-pre-open sets, semi (1,2)*-maximal soft (1,2)*-preopen
sets, (1,2)*-maximal soft closed sets, (1,2)*-maximal soft (1,2)*-pre-closed
sets, (1,2)*-minimal soft open sets, (1,2)*-minimal soft (1,2)*-pre-open sets, (1,2)*-
minimal soft closed sets, (1,2)*-minimal soft (1,2)*-pre-closed sets, and semi (1,2)*-
minimal soft (1,2)*-pre-closed sets. Also, properties and the relation among these
concepts have been studied.

بلغت أمثلة صيغة (فَعال) في القرآن الكريم أربعة وسبعين مثالا قرآنيا  جاءت على ثمانية معان معروفة ومعنى تاسع ذي دلالة احتمالية وعاشر ذي دلالة مختلف فيها ، تلك المعاني هي : الأول: فَعال اسما إفراديا نحو جَنَاح في قوله تعالى: {وَاضْمُمْ يَدَكَ إِلَى جَنَاحِكَ تَخْرُجْ بَيْضَاءَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوءٍ آيَةً أُخْرَى} [طه : 22] . الثاني: فعال صفةنحو (بقرة عوان) في قوله تعالى :(قَالُواْ ادْعُ لَنَا رَبَّكَ يُبَيِّن لّنَا مَا

Segmentation of real world images considered as one of the most challenging tasks in the computer vision field due to several issues that associated with this kind of images such as high interference between object foreground and background, complicated objects and the pixels intensities of the object and background are almost similar in some cases. This research has introduced a modified adaptive segmentation process with image contrast stretching namely Gamma Stretching to improve the segmentation problem. The iterative segmentation process based on the proposed criteria has given the flexibility to the segmentation process in finding the suitable region of interest. As well as, the using of Gamma stretching will help in separating the