Diatoms are considered a potentially new and valuable source of biologically active compounds including those with antimicrobial properties; so, this study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Navicula incerta. The diatom was isolated from the salt water of Sawa Lake, southern of Iraq, it was cultivated in salt water then was adapted and cultivated in freshwater environment; the harvested and dried biomass was extracted, and the antibacterial activity of each extract was evaluated against several species of pathogenic bacteria. The chemical constituents of the extracts were also analyzed using Gas chromatography/Mass spectrometry technique. Generally, the result showed that fresh water extract of N. incert

The shape dimensions and characteristics of pollen grains and seeds have importance in distinguish among species. Therefore, the present study included morphological characteristics of pollen grains and seeds for eight species belonging to eight genera of the family Brassicaceae and these species are: Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb) Cavara et Grand, Aubrieta parviflora Boiss, Cardamine hirsuta L., Crambe orientalis L., Eromobium aegyptiacum (Spreng.) Schweinf.et Asch.ex Boiss., Parlatoria cakiloidea Boiss., Sterigmostemum sulphureum (Banksetsol.) Bornm. Neotorularia torulosa (Desf.) Hedge & J. Leonard. The pollen grains were studied in morphological and full measurements were taken, the study showed that the majority of the pollen grai

    The early Carboniferous Harur Formation from the Ora outcrop section of northern Iraq consists of black shale, calcareous shale and carbonate. The mineralogical and geochemical investigations (major and trace elements) of the black shale and calcareous shale units have been conducted to evaluate paleoenvironmental conditions including paleoclimate, paleoredox conditions, paleoproductivity, sedimentary rate, and to evaluate their effects on organic matter accumulation. The geochemical proxies such as the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), A-CN-K plot, Sr/Cu ratio, and the relation between the ratio of Ga/Rb and Sr/Cu suggest moderate to intense chemical weathering under humid conditions. The Rb/K and Sr/Ba ratios indicate a freshw

The research problem lies in identifying the challenges facing spreading the culture of peace in Iraq, and the most important factors of its instability from the point of view of leaders and intellectual elites.The research derives its importance from the fact that the peace imposed by justice leads to a stable Iraq and a prosperous future.

The study aims to identify the most prominent challenges and obstacles created by wars and faced the process of spreading the culture of peace and instability in Iraq, and to shed light on the reasons leading to the employment of the capabilities of community leaders in spreading the culture of peace.The objective of the current research is to identify the challenges of spreading the culture o

تسعى هذه الدراسة لتدارك العلاقة بين استخدام التكنولوجيا كنشاط روتيني وازدياد معدلات الجريمة، وتكمن أهمية الدراسة في أن على الرغم من الجهود التي تبذلها الحكومات وأدوار الإعلام في التنبيه والتحذير من سلبيات ومخاطر التكنولوجيا إلا أن هناك ارتفاع في معدلات الجريمة بسبب عدم وجود الخبرات اللازمة للتعامل مع هذا العالم الافتراضي، لذا وجب تلافي الأضرار والمخاطر الاجتماعية والأمنية والاقتصادية، الناجمة عن استخد

تناول البحث دور النماذج المناخية وتأثيرها على المخاطر المورفومناخية وانعكاسها على البيئة التي تم دراستها وفق الأساليب الإحصائية لبناء نماذج مناخية حرارية ومطرية (متطرفة) التي بلغت بواقع (12) تكراراً في محطات الدراسة. فضلاً عن الخصائص الطبيعية المتمثلة بـ (جيولوجيا، الارتفاعات والانحدارات، التربة، النبات الطبيعي)، بينما قد سجلت اعلى كمية مياه للشدة المطرية في محطتي (الكفل، القاسم) التي لها دور فعال في تباين

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The resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to ciprofloxacin has complicated the problem of treating staphylococcal associated infections in which MRSA is the causative agent since ciprofloxacin was the drug of choice to treat such infections. Our study investigated the incidence of Ciprofloxacin resistant S. aureus isolates that were also methicillin resistant among Iraqi patients. The obtained bacterial isolates were tested for Ciprofloxacin resistance using agar dilution method and the sequence of gyrA and parC. The results revealed that about 8% of the isolated MRSA strains were Ciprofloxacin resistant and the resistance was due to mutation in gyrA rather than parC.

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The synthesis of the bisaldehyde ligand 2-(1,1-dimethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[e]indol-2-ylidene)malonaldehyde (B) and its coordinated compounds with Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions are reported. The synthetic route of B was completed by adopting the Vilsmeier-Haack reaction. This was based on the mixing of 1,1,2-trimethyl-1H-benzo[e]indole with phosphoryl trichloride and N, N-dimethylformamide (anhydrous) that gave the aminomethylenemalondialdehyde. The use of POCl3 and DMF was aimed to give the Vilsmeier-Haack intermediate, which was kept at 5°C and then heated with stirring at 85°C. The addition of an aqueous NaOH solution (35%) to the reaction mixture resulted in the isolation of B. The monomeric coordinated comp

تعد سويسرا من الدول القوية سياسياً واقتصادياً, وتمتلك وزناً جيوبولتيكياً مهماً في ميزان القوى الدولية, رغم افتقارها الى مقومات القوة, لذا تناول البحث دراسة المحددات الجيوبولتيكة الطبيعية والبشرية, والامكانات الجيوبولتيكية الطبيعية والاقتصادية والسياسية, محاولة الوقوف على طبيعة مقومات القوة في سويسرا رغم التحديات الكبيرة, وتوصل البحث الى أن دولة سويسرا تمكنت من تحويل المحددات الجيوبولتيكية الى مصادر قوة

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Exchange of information through the channels of communication can be unsafe. Communication media are not safe to send sensitive information so it is necessary to provide the protection of information from disclosure to unauthorized persons. This research presented the method to information security is done through information hiding into the cover image using a least significant bit (LSB) technique, where a text file is encrypted using a secret sharing scheme. Then, generating positions to hiding information in a random manner of cover image, which is difficult to predict hiding in the image-by-image analysis or statistical analyzes. Where it provides two levels of information security through encryption of a text file using the secret sha

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In the last years, a new technology called Cloud computing has been developed. Empirical and previous studies, commonly examined in business field and other domains. In this study, the significant factors that affecting the adoption of cloud computing have been examined using a frequency analysis that have been explored by the previous studies. The results showed that the most effected factors were relative advantage which followed by security and privacy, complexity, innovativeness, and external support. In this study the model of technology organization-environment was used to examine the significant factors that affecting the adoption of cloud computing.

Images are important medium for conveying information; this makes improvement of image processing techniques also important. Interpretation of image content is one of the objectives of image processing techniques. Image interpretation that segments the image to number of objects called image segmentation. Image segmentation is an important field to deal with the contents of images and get non overlapping regions coherent in texture and color, it is important to deal only with objects with significant information. This paper presents survey of the most commonly used approaches of image segmentation and the results of those approaches have been compared and according to the measurement of quality presented in this paper the Otsu's threshol

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