In this study three reactive dyes (blue B, red R and yellow Y) in single , binary and ternary solution were adsorbed by activated carbon AC in equilibrium and kinetic experiments. Surface area, Bulk and real density, and porosity were carried out for the activated carbon.
Batch Experiments of pH (2.5-8.5) and initial concentration (5-100) mg/l were carried out for single solution for each dye. Experiments of adsorbent dosage effect (0.1-1)g per 100 ml were studied as a variable to evaluate uptake% and adsorption capacity for single dyes(5, 10) ppm, binary and ternary (10) ppm of mixture solutions solution of dyes. Langmuir, and Freundlich, models were used as Equilibrium isotherm models for single solution. Extended Langmuir and Freun

This research is devoted to investigating the thermal buckling analysis behaviour of laminated composite plates subjected to uniform and non-uniform temperature fields by applying an analytical model based on a refined plate theory (RPT) with five unknown independent variables. The theory accounts for the parabolic distribution of the transverse shear strains through the plate thickness and satisfies the zero-traction boundary condition on the surface without using shear correction factors; hence a shear correction factor is not required. The governing differential equations and associated boundary conditions are derived by using the virtual work principle and solved via Navier-type analytical procedure to obtain critica

This paper presents a numerical simulation of the flow around elliptic groynes by using CFD ‎software. The flow was simulated in a flume with 4m long, 0.4m wide, ‎and 0.175m ‎high ‎‎with a constant bed slope. Moreover, the first Groyne placed at 1m from the flow ‎‎inlet with a ‎constant the Groyne height of 10cm and a 1cm thickness, and the ‎width of Groynes equals ‎7cm‎. A submergence ratio of the elliptic Groynes of 75% was assumed, corresponding to a discharge of ‎0.0057‎m³/sec. The CFD ‎model showed a good ability to simulate the flow ‎around ‎Groynes with ‎ good accuracy. The results of ‎CFD software showed that when using double elliptic Groy

This paper presents thermal characteristics analysis of a modified Closed Wet Cooling Tower (CWCT) based on heat and mass transfer principles to improve the performance of this tower in Iraq. A prototype of CWCT optimized by added packing was designed, manufactured and tested for cooling capacity of 9 kW. Experiments are conducted to explore the effects of various operational and conformational parameters on the thermal performance. In the test section, spray water temperature and both dry bulb temperature and relative humidity of the air measured at intermediate points of the heat exchanger and packing. Heat exchangers consist of four rows and eight columns for an inline tubes arrangement and six rows and five columns f

In this research an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique was applied for the prediction of Ryznar Index (RI) of the flowing water from WTPs in Al-Karakh side (left side) in Baghdad city for year 2013. Three models (ANN1, ANN2 and ANN3) have been developed and tested using data from Baghdad Mayoralty (Amanat Baghdad) including drinking water quality for the period 2004 to 2013. The results indicate that it is quite possible to use an artificial neural networks in predicting the stability index (RI) with a good degree of accuracy. Where ANN 2 model could be used to predict RI for the effluents from Al-Karakh, Al-Qadisiya and Al-Karama WTPs as the highest correlation coefficient were obtained 92.4, 82.9 and 79.1% respe

Editorial Board

Editorial Board

       اختزلت سياسات 1963-1970 الإصلاح الزراعي في عملية مصادرة واسعة، استُخدمت لإعادة هندسة الريف اجتماعياً وسياسياً، لا اقتصادياً. فبينما حققت تغييراً جزئياً في البنية الاجتماعية عبر تقليص الإقطاع التقليدي، فقد تحول الخطاب الاشتراكي من أداة تحرر إلى آلية تسلط غطّى هيمنة الدولة على الريف عبر شبكة بيروقراطية.

انقسم البحث الى ثلاث مباحث تناول المبحث الأول تحليل السياسات الزراعية التي اتبعتها

الإمام السيوطي، وهو من أعلام المحبة النبوية، يكتب وكأن قلبه ينبض بكل حرف. فتراه يربط بين المعجزة وبين أثرها في الصحابة، وكيف كانت سببًا في تثبيت الإيمان، أو في هداية القلوب، أو في كشف الغطاء عن عظمة هذا النبي الذي ما نطق عن الهوى. وفي كل صفحة من الخصائص الكبرى، تشعر أن المعجزة ليست مجرد قصة، بل هي تجلٍّ من تجليات النور المحمدي، الذي لا ينطفئ، ولعل أجمل ما في هذا الطرح، أنه يُشعر القارئ بأن المعجزات ليست بعيدة،

تهدف الدراسة الى ابراز دور الاتحاد العام للعمال الجزائريين عام 1956 م, في مساندة جبهة التحرير الوطني في حربها ضد الاستعمار الفرنسي ,واقتضت الدراسة استخدام المنهج التاريخي الوصفي التحليلي , اذ احتوت الدراسة على تمهيد وتسع محاور وخاتمة , تضمن التمهيد البدايات الاولى لتأسيس النقابات الفرنسية في الجزائر وانضمام العمال الجزائريين فيها, واكتساب التجربة النقابية لتأسيس نقابات مستقلة عام 1956, اما المحور الاول: دوافع

   يُعد موضوع كُتب التراجم من خلال كتاب وفيات الأعيان وأنباء أبناء الزمان لابن خلكان (ت:681ه/1282م)، من المواضيع المهمة إذ يركز على أهم كُتب التراجم التي ذكرها المؤلف عندما تناول ترجمة الشخصيات والأعيان في كتابه ولاهية كُتب التراجم في مسيرة الباحثين ولاسيما من يكتب في المواضيع التاريخية إذ أنه يحتاج كثيراً إلى كُتب التراجم من أجل ترجمة الشخصيات ومعرفة نسبهم وكناهم وتاريخ وفاتهم ومدنهم اخترت هذا الموضوع.

تولى حكم الدولة الحفصية العديد من السلاطين الحفصيين كان لهم دور كبير في
الدولة ، إذ عملوا على توحيد البلاد وإعادة الامن والاستقرار للدولة نذكر منهم السلطان أبو العباس احمد الحفصي الذي هو موضوع دراستنا إذ عمل على شمل البلاد والقضاء على نفوذ المتمردين وكان لابناءه دور في الدولة كانوا امراء على المدن ، فسلم أبو العباس منصب الأمير على مدينة قسنطينة (761هـ/1360م) بعد ان كانت تحت سيطرة المرينين ، وانتزع مدينة بجايه

تعد الصناعات النسيجية احدى اهم الصناعات التي شهدتها بلاد الرافدين  , زاولها لتغطية حاجته من الملابس والأغطية  ، إذ إن حاجة الانسان الى المنسوجات لا تقل أهمية عن حاجته للغذاء. وقد أدى توفر المواد الأولية المتمثلة بصوف الأغنام وشعر الماعز من جهة ووجود الايدي العاملة الماهرة من جهة أخرى وبدعم واهتمام السلطة الحاكمة بإنشاء معامل النسيج وادارتها من خلال المشرفين والمراقبين الى تطور الصناعات النسيجية، وقد

Finding an alternative to materials that pollute during manufacturing, most notably cement, is vital to executing the idea of sustainability in the building sector. It was vital to develop concrete that assists in the reduction of CO₂ (Carbon dioxide) in the atmosphere because industrial wastes contain calcium, silica, and aluminous minerals, such as silica fume, that are employed in the production of high-strength concrete and have parameters that are identical to those of regular concrete. As a substitute for Portland cement, lime cement was utilized, and 15% of the cement's weight was substituted with silica fume. Environmentally friendly fibers (Copper Fiber) created from old electrical and electronic equi

Person recognition systems have been applied for several years, as fingerprint recognition has been experimented with different image resolutions for 15 years. Fingerprint recognition and biometrics for security are becoming commonplace. Biometric systems are emerging and evolving topics seen as fertile ground for researchers to investigate more deeply and discover new approaches. Among the most prominent of these systems is the palm printing system, which identifies individuals based on the palm of their hands because of the advantages that the palm possesses that cannot be replicated among humans, as in its theory of other fingerprints. This paper proposes a biometric system to identify people by handprint, especially

Engineering design relies highly on the selection of suitable materials. Because there are many engineering materials, selecting a suitable material for a product requires a systematic selection approach. This paper provides a hybrid strategy for choosing the best material for an engineering design to give the best performance at the lowest cost based on Ashby's performance indices. Then, it ranks the result by the grey relational approach integrated with the Weighted Entropy Method to choose the optimum material for the main rotor blade of a helicopter. Different materials used for manufacturing rotor blades, such as Aluminium alloys, titanium alloys, steel, composites, and wood, have been discussed. The performance ind

مدينة أربيل هي عاصمة أقليم كردستان العراق وتقع المحافظة بين خط العرض (37) وخط الطول (45)، ويعد حي القلعة التاريخية في المدينة أعلى نقطة فيها حيث يصل إرتفاعه الى 414 م فوق مستوى سطح البحر. تتمتع أربيل بتاريخ طويل من الإستيطان تمتد الى حدود الألف السادس قبل الميلاد، وشهدت المدينة أحداثا على أهمية كبيرة من التاريخ العالمي، وتتمثل أهمية قلعة أربيل في كونها واحدة من أقدم المواقع المأهولة بالسكان وبشكل مستمر الأمر الذ

       بدأت جمهورية كوريا. استكمال عملية التحديث بوتيرة متصاعدة على مدى اربعة عقود من التأسيس وقد اكتمل التحول الديمقراطي بعقد اول انتخابات رئاسية بمشاركة جميع الاطياف والنخب المجتمعية عام 1988 وكانت استضافة جمهورية كوريا "دورة الألعاب الاولمبية" عام 1988.قد لفت انظار العالم بأن جمهورية كوريا نجحت فعليا في استكمال جميع مؤسسات التحديث وانها مؤهلة للاندماج في العالم الرأسمالي يحاول البحث تقديم رؤي

يتناول هذا البحث تطور العلاقات السياسية بين سلطنة عُمان والمملكة المغربية خلال المدة من 1971 حتى 1982م، وهي مرحلة شهدت تحولات سياسية مهمة في العالم العربي. ركّزت الدراسة على توثيق اللقاءات الرسمية بين القيادتين، وتوضيح مواقف البلدين المتقاربة من القضايا العربية والإسلامية، خاصة القضية الفلسطينية. كما ناقش البحث التعاون بين البلدين داخل المنظمات الإقليمية كجامعة الدول العربية ومنظمة المؤتمر الإسلامي. وبيّن

The present work covers the analytical design process of three dimensional (3-D) hip joint prosthesis with numerical fatigue stress analysis. The analytical generation equations describing the different stem constructive parts (ball, neck, tour, cone, lower ball) have been presented to reform the stem model in a mathematical feature. The generated surface has been introduced to FE solver (Ansys version 11) in order to simulate the induced dynamic stresses and investigate the effect of every design parameter (ball radius, angle of neck, radius of neck, neck ratio, main tour radius, and outer tour radius) on the max. equivalent stresses for hip prosthesis made from titanium alloy. The dynamic loading case has been studied to a stumbling ca

Ensuring reliable data transmission in Network on Chip (NoC) is one of the most challenging tasks, especially in noisy environments. As crosstalk, interference, and radiation were increased with manufacturers' increasing tendency to reduce the area, increase the frequencies, and reduce the voltages.  So many Error Control Codes (ECC) were proposed with different error detection and correction capacities and various degrees of complexity. Code with Crosstalk Avoidance and Error Correction (CCAEC) for network-on-chip interconnects uses simple parity check bits as the main technique to get high error correction capacity. Per this work, this coding scheme corrects up to 12 random errors, representing a high correction capac

The usage of remote sensing techniques in managing and monitoring the environmental areas is increasing due to the improvement of the sensors used in the observation satellites around the earth. Resolution merge process is used to combine high resolution one band image with another one that have low resolution multi bands image to produce one image that is high in both spatial and spectral resolution. In this work different merging methods were tested to evaluate their enhancement capabilities to extract different environmental areas; Principle component analysis (PCA), Brovey, modified (Intensity, Hue ,Saturation) method and High Pass Filter methods were tested and subjected to visual and statistical comparison for evaluation. Both visu

This paper describes DC motor speed control based on optimal Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) technique. Controller's objective is to maintain the speed of rotation of the motor shaft with a particular step response.The controller is modeled in MATLAB environment, the simulation results show that the proposed controller gives better performance and less settling time when compared with the traditional PID controller.

The printed circuit heat exchanger is a plate type heat exchanger with a high performance and compact size. Heat exchangers such as this need a unique form of bonding and other techniques to be used in their construction. In this study, the process of joining plates, diffusion bonding, was performed and studied. A special furnace was manufactured for bonding purposes. The bonding process of copper metal was carried out under specific conditions of a high temperature up to 700 ^oC, high pressure of 3.45 MPa, and in an inert environment (Argon gas) to make tensile samples. The tensile samples are cylindrical shapes containing groves representing the flow channels in the printed circuit heat exchanger and checking their tensile st

The study of surface hardness, wear resistance, adhesion strength, electrochemical corrosion resistance and thermal conductivity of coatings composed from sodium silicate was prepared using graphite micro-size particles and carbon nano particles as fillers respectively of concentration of (1-5%), for the purpose of covering and protecting the oil distillation towers. The results showed that the sodium silicate coating reinforced with carbon nano-powder has higher resistance to stitches, mechanical wear, adhesive and thermal conductivity than graphite/sodium silicate composite especially when the ratio 5% and 1%, the electrochemical corrosion test confirmed that the coating process of stainless steel 304 lead to increasin

Applying load to a structural member may result in a bottle-shaped compression field especially when the width of the loading is less than the width of bearing concrete members. At the Building and Construction Department – the University of Technology-Iraq, series tests on fibre reinforced concrete specimens were carried out, subjected to compression forces at the top and bottom of the specimens to produce compression field. The effects of steel fibre content, concrete compressive strength, transverse tension reinforcement, the height of test specimen, and the ratio of the width of loading plate to specimen width were studied by testing a total of tenth normal strength concrete blocks with steel fibre and one normal s

تناول هذا البحث الاوضاع الاجتماعية في إمارة شرق الأردن خلال سنوات الأزمة الاقتصادية العالمية (1929-1933) التي ظهرت في الاولايات المتحدة الاميركية وطالت تاثيرتها اغلب دول العالم عدا الاتحاد السوفيتي ومن تلك الدول إمارة شرق الأردن  , التي كانت تعاني من أزمة اقتصادية محلية خانقة تمثلت بقلة الأمطار والجفاف وغزو أسراب الجراد والآفات التي اصابت المزروعات , تزامنت مع الأزمة الاقتصادية العالمية التي ضرب أطانبها كاف

In this paper. the dynamic response of Ruttha sand with different relative densities is studied by using equivalent linear model

The equivalent linear model is adopted in which the soil properties are strain dependent but cycle independent. The shear modulus tends to decrease as the shear strain increases, while the damping ratio tends to increase as the shear strain increases The computer program SHAKE, developed at the University of California, Berkley, is used for predicting and analyzing the problem. The study reached that the magnitude of the acceleration is increasing as the relative density is decreasing and the natural frequency of the structures that would be built on Al- Ruttba soil must ot be equal to (4 c/sec.) to avo

One of the most urgent issues confronting cities in the south of the globe is urban expansion brought on by population increase. Iraq's capital, Baghdad, is a striking example of this change. This study examines how Baghdad's agricultural land was converted into residential areas between 2003 and 2024, with a special emphasis on the neighborhoods of Dura, Al-Buaitha, and Krayat. During this period, Baghdad's population grew from 5.6 million to nearly 9.1 million, and the city's land usage drastically changed. Due to housing needs and infrastructure development, population increase has a direct impact on land consumption, as seen by this geographical expansion. The study illustrates the adverse correlation between urbaniz

This study aims to improve mild steel's corrosion resistance in marine applications. Mild steel has low corrosion resistance, especially in salty conditions, so enhancing this property is required. This study aims to increase the corrosion resistance of mild steel by heat treatment processes. The specimens were heated to the temperature of 800°C, then the specimens were separated into two groups, specimens of both of the groups cooled inside a furnace (annealing), cooled in air to room temperature (normalizing), and cooled in water (quenching), then the first group of specimens was immersed in salinity of (33.9) ppt for 45 days, and the other group of specimens was immersed in salinity of (37.8) ppt for 45 days. The cor