A program of laboratory testing is carried out to study the performance of laterally loaded piles
embedded in soil, which contains cavities. The testing apparatus is manufactured for carrying out the
tests and a simple technique was used to simulate the cavities.
The program of testing consists of five groups: Group One was carried out on pile embedded in soil
without cavities. The Second and Third Groups are performed on pile embedded in soil contains
single cavity located in front and in touch with pile face for the Second Group and in back and in
touch with pile face for the Third one. Group Four is performed on pile with the existence of two
cavities located in front and in touch with pile face. Group Five

Up to date, in many foundation design problems (especially for piles foundation), the shear strength (skin friction) between soil and construction materials of the foundation was usually estimated or correlated without any direct methods for measurement.
The modern trend is to establish skin friction coefficients through laboratory experiments in which the factors influencing the results may be controlled quantitatively.
In this study strain controlled Direct Shear Tests were performed using shear to simulate the shear behavior area between concrete (foundation materials) and undisturbed over consolidated silty clay, to determine the shear strength of soil – foundation interface, considering the following variables : (1) Concrete

The aim of this paper is to integrate mobile phones into LANs by connecting the two parties and providing the mobile with a transparent access to the services and resources hosted by the LAN. Quick assessment of the typical related approaches for accessing LAN (like WLAN and Bluetooth BNEP) shows that they are inappropriate for mobile phones. The paper further inspects the LAN access approach based on Bluetooth PAN Profile and marking up its potential drawbacks. A modified approach is proposed and implemented by altering the access nature or model from peer-to-peer communication to a client/server service providing, and switching from BNEP to RFCOMM protocol.

This paper was aimed to study the efficiency of forward osmosis (FO) process as a new application for the treatment of wastewater from textile effluent and the factors affecting the performance of forward osmosis process.
The draw solutions used were magnesium chloride (MgCl2), and aluminum sulphate (Al2 ( SO4)3 .18 H2O), and the feed solutions used were reactive red, and disperse blue dyes.
Experimental work were includes operating the forward osmosis process using thin film composite (TFC) membrane as flat sheet for different draw solutions and feed solutions. The operating parameters studied were : draw solutions concentration (10 – 90 g/l), feed solutions concentration (5 – 30 mg/l), draw solutions flow rate (10 – 50 l/hr

The aim of this study is estimating the critical bed depth in adsorption process through a fixed-bed of granular activated carbon at different bed depths of 0.03, 0.05, 0.08and 0.11m at influent furfural concentration in waste water of 0.2 kg/m3, with constant flow rate of (16.66) × 10-5 m3/min and adsorbent particle size (0.5-1.5) mm. the changing of flow rate and furfural influent concentration had been studied to determine their effects on the critical bed depth value by using bed depth- service time
method (BDST). Length of unused bed (LUB) and length of equivalent section of bed had been estimated mathematically during process of the adsorption at different bed depths and during changing the flow rate(8.3× 10-5 m3/min) and in

Constructing a fine 3D geomodel for complex giant reservoir is a crucial task for hydrocarbon volume assessment and guiding for optimal development. The case under study is Mishrif reservoir of Halfaya oil field, which is an Iraqi giant carbonate reservoir. Mishrif mainly consists of limestone rocks which belong to Late Cenomanian age. The average gross thickness of formation is about 400m. In this paper, a high-resolution 3D geological model has been built using Petrel software that can be utilized as input for dynamic simulation. The model is constructed based on geological, geophysical, pertophysical and engineering data from about 60 available wells to characterize the structural, stratigraphic, and properties distri

Drilling fluid properties and formulation play a fundamental role in drilling operations. The Classical water-based muds prepared from only the Syrian clay and water without any additives((Organic and industrial polymers) are generally poor in performance. Moreover, The high quantity of Syrian clay (120 gr / l) used in preparing drilling fluids. It leads to a decrease in the drilling speed and thus an increase in the time required to complete the drilling of the well. As a result, the total cost of drilling the well increased, as a result of an increase in the concentration of the solid part in the drilling fluid. In this context, our study focuses on the investigation of the improvement in drilling mud   Prepa

This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using pulsed Nd:YAG laser spot welding to join dissimilar metals consisting of nickel and nickel-plated copper in busbar joints for lithium-ion batteries. The effects of key operating parameters, namely laser energy, pulse repetition rate, and focal position, on the mechanical and structural properties of the weld were examined. The results showed that an energy of 13 joules achieved the highest peak shear force of approximately 273 N with a homogeneous melt zone and limited surface defects, while an energy of 10 joules recorded the highest hardness value (370HV0.300) due to the balance between energy input and cooling rate. It was also found that a repetition rate of 20 Hz and a focal posit

يلعب الذكاء الاصطناعي (AI) دوراً متزايداً وحاسماً في فك رموز المخطوطات التاريخية وترميمها، حيث يقدم أدوات جديدة ومهمة للمؤرخين واللغويين وأخصائيي الحفاظ على التراث، وتتيح تقنيات التعلم الآلي والتعرف  على الأنماط تحليل النصوص القديمة وفك تشفيرها واستعادتها بدقة وسرعة لا مثيل لها، حيث غالباً لا تصل الأساليب التقليدية إلى حدودها.

موضوع الحرية بشكل عام يعد من الموضوعات المهمة لدى المشرع الدستوري فلذا حرص كل الحرص ان ينص عليه في مقدمة ومحتوى نصوصه وذلك لما عان المجتمع من الويلات  والظلم والاستبداد من قبل الحكام و المحكومين جعلت الحرية تحت رحمة إفتاتهم ، فقد نصت الإعلانات العالمية و العربية على ضرورة إعطاء الحريات العامة بدون تمييز عرقي او قومي بل للإنسانية جمعاء وقد رتب اثارا على من تخلف عن الاتفاقيات تشجيعا منه لحث المشرعين الوطني

 Most below-knee prostheses are manufactured in Iraq without considering the fast progress in smart prostheses, which can offer movements in the desired directions according to the type of control system designed for this purpose. The proposed design appears to have the advantages of simplicity, affordability, better load distribution, suitability for subjects with transtibial amputation, and viability in countries with people having low socio-economic status. The designed prosthetics consisted of foot, ball, and socket joints, two stepper motors, a linkage system, and an EMG shield. All these materials were available in the local markets in Iraq. The experimental results showed t

Environmental problems created by discarded waste rubbers, such as potential fire and diseas hazards, have become significant in recent years. In connection with rubber recycling, a comparative study of laboratory performance of application of two polymer types: styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and polyethylene–vinyl acetate (PVA) in asphalt paving mixtures is presented. These mixtures are
usually employed in construction the surface courses in Iraq. These modified asphalt mixtures were prepared with asphalt cement previously modified by using three percents of polymer (1, 3 and 5) percent by weight of modified asphalt. Two control mixes are adopted for comparison purpose. The first control mix was produced with 40/50 penetration asph

Twitter is becoming an increasingly popular platform used by financial analysts to monitor and forecast financial markets. In this paper we investigate the impact of the sentiments expressed in Twitter on the subsequent market movement, specifically the bitcoin exchange rate. This study is divided into two phases, the first phase is sentiment analysis, and the second phase is correlation and regression. We analyzed tweets associated with the Bitcoin in order to determine if the user’s sentiment contained within those tweets reflects the exchange rate of the currency. The sentiment of users over a 2-month period is classified as having a positive or negative sentiment of the digital currency using the proposed CNN-LSTM

Technology is an important factor for achieving architecture as an impact and vulnerability. It represents one of the significant elements in creating the intellectual framework, as well as having its own intellectual breakdown, while values constitute the most important and obviously factor of the community's intellectual. Research aims was determined accordingly by: investigating the role and impact of values and their relationship to technology in architecture.

In this context, the research investigated values and technology in architecture, through discussing their aspects and dimensions in architecture. In the context of values, the research discussed their concept and the related ones to have a concrete def

The reality of the field of construction projects in Iraq refers to needing for the development of performance in order to improve quality and reduce defects and errors and to control the time and cost, so there is needing for the application of effective methods in this area, one of the methods that can be applied in this area is the manner of Six Sigma. This research aims to enhance the performance and quality improvement for the construction projects by improving performance in the work of the implementation of the concrete structure depending on the Six Sigma methodology, and for the purpose of achieving the aim of the research, the researcher firstly depends on the theoretical study that include the concepts of qual

ان التراث الثقافي غير المادي هو تراث ثقافي شفوي يمثل جميع صور الابداع الفكري وفي شتى ميادين الحياة، وهو تراث تقليدي يعبر عن الماضي الا انه ما زال متوارثا ومتصلا جيلا بعد جيل، وبالتالي فهو يمكن ان يصنف بانه ملكية فكرية لما له من أهمية في حياة أصحابه فهو علامة مميزة للدول والشعوب تدخل في الإشارة إليها والتعريف بها وفي اغلب الأحيان يشكل هذا النوع من التراث مصدراً مهماً  للتعبير عن السيادة الداخلية أو الخارجي

Compaction curves are widely used in civil engineering especially for road constructions, embankments, etc. Obtaining the precise amount of Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) that gives the Maximum Dry Unit weight g_dmax. is very important, where the desired soil strength can be achieved in addition to economic aspects.

In this paper, three peak functions were used to obtain the OMC and g_dmax. through curve fitting for the values obtained from Standard Proctor Test. Another surface fitting was also used to model the Ohio’s compaction curves that represent the very large variation of compacted soil types.

The results showed very good correlation between the values obtained from some publ

نظراً لخطورة الجرائم التي ارتكبتها عصابات داعش الارهابية في العراق كان لابد من تسليط الضوء على كيفية الحيلولة دون افلاتهم من العقاب ، لذا جاء هذا البحث ليبحث في التركيب لتلك العصابات وماهي طبيعتهم ومصدر تمويلهم، ومن ثم تشخيص طبيعة الجرائم المرتكبة من قبلهم وهل تندرج تلك الجرائم في اطار القانون الجنائي الدولي ام تنحصر في اطار قانون العقوبات العراقي وقانون مكافحة الإرهاب رقم 13 لسنة 2005، بعدها استطعنا ان نتوص

هذه محاولة لاستقصاء فكرة الجوار في القانون الدولي، والمبدأ الذي يتردد ذكره بمناسبتها هو مبدا حسن الجوار.

تعتمد المحاولة - على خلاف ما جرت عليه العادة الى حد ما - على قراءات متنوعة في وثائق الدول والمنظمات الدولية، للتعرف على الاستخدامات الاصطلاحية لتعبير الجوار فيما ترتبط به من موضوعات على المستوى الدولي، فبدلا من أن نبحث عن نتائج بحوث سابقة في معنى الجوار ومفهوم حسن الجوار، فاننا قد عمدنا مباشرة الى عم

.

يختص هذا البحث بدراسة تحليلية لأوضاع العراق في ظل حكم الاتحاديين" 1908- 1914", مسلطا الضوء على تنامي الوعي الفكري لدى العراقيون المتمثل بتكوين الاحزاب والجمعيات العربية, وكذلك بروز فئة من الصلحين الذين عملوا على استنهاض الهمم لدى الشعوب للمناداة بالتحرر وتحقيق الاستقلال, دخل لعراق عام 1908م حقبة جديده من تاريخه السياسي ولم تكن هذه المدة هي افضل من سابقتها, فقد حكم حكما مباشرا ومتسلط من قبل الحزب الحاكم " ا

بعد تنامي النزاعات المسلحة على الصعيد الدولي والداخلي وما يتخللها من إنتهاكات واسعة للقانون الدولي الانساني، فقد أصبحت الحاجة ماسة للبحث عن آليات تنصف الضحايا وتردع الجناة وبما يحقق العدالة الجنائية ، ويمكن القول أن تبني الاختصاص الجنائي العالمي الذي بموجبه ينعقد الاختصاص للمحاكم الوطنية للدول في ملاحقة مرتكبي تلك الانتهاكات بغض النظر عن مكان وقوعها ، أو جنسية الجاني أو الضحية يمكن أن يُسهم في تلك المتطل

In this paper, effective slab width for the composite beams is investigated with special emphasis on the effect of web openings. A three dimensional finite element analysis, by using finite element code ANSYS, is employed to investigate shear lag phenomenon and the resulting effective slab width adopted in the classical T-beam approach. According to case studies and comparison with limitations and rules stipulated by different standards and codes of practice it is found that web openings presence and panel proportion are the most critical factors affecting effective slab width, whereas concrete slab thickness and steel beam depth are less significant. The presence of web opening reduces effective slab width by about 21%.

Columns subjected to pure axial load rarely exist in practice. Reinforced concrete columns are usually subjected to combination of axial and lateral actions and  deformations, caused by  spatially‐complex loading patterns as during earthquakes causes lateral deflection that in turn affects the horizontal stiffness. In this study, a numerical model was developed in threedimensional nonlinear finite element and then validated against experimental results reported in the literatures,
to investigate the behavior of conventionally RC columns subjected to axial load and  . lateral reversal cyclic loading. To achieve this goal, numerical analysis was conducted by using finite element program ABAQUS/Explicit. The variables co

تقتضي المنافسة الضخمة في إطار تقديم الخدمات والحراك الشديد من اجل البقاء والاستمرار والتطوير الى البحث عن الأساليب الكفيلة التي يجتمع من خلالها أصحاب مهنة معينة بأطر قانونية محققة ضمانات فعّالة بغية تقديم الخدمات للجمهور بالاعتماد على المعرفة والكفاءة التي يمتلكها أعضاء الشركة ومثالها شركات المحاماة والاستشارات الهندسية والمحاسبية.

وقد يواجه المهني جملة من الصعوبات العملية عند مباشرته لنشاط مهني م

A time series analysis can help to observe the behavior of the system and specify the system faults. In addition, it also helps to explain the various energy flows in the system and further aid in reducing the thermodynamic losses. The intelligent supervisory LabVIEW software can monitor the incoming data from the system by using Arduino microcontroller and calculates the important parameters. Energy, exergy, and anergy analysis present in this paper to investigate the system performance as well as its components. To accomplish this, a 4-ton vertical split air conditioner based on vapor compression refrigeration cycle charged with refrigerant R-22 was modified for experimental analysis. The results showed that during 540

The Main Outfall drain pumping station in Nassiriyah is an important part in operation  system of the Main Outfall Drain (MOD) where it reduces the water levels in the U/S area of its and converted through Syphon freely under the Euphrates, its consists of several parts: U/S Basin, Station Building which contains 12 pumps, and Head Basin with Syphon, This station suffers from high levels especially in D/S area due to the current situation which is represented by establishing of dyke with pipes on MOD which located at 24 km from D/S of pumping station and Al-Khamisiyah Canal which located at 2.3 km from the U/S of dyke which feeds(Al Hammar Marsh) during drought season, several scenarios were adopted in order to expl

Recently, several concepts and expressions have emerged that have often preoccupied the world . around the concept of environment and sustainability. This is due to the negative and irresponsible impact of man and his innovations in various industrial and technological fieldsthat have damaged the natural environment. Architecture and cities at the broader level are some of the man made components that caused these negative impacts and in the same time affected by them. What distinguishes architectural and urban projects is the consumption of large . quantities of natural resources and production larger amounts of waste and pollution, along the life of these projects. At the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-fir

ان الازمة الصحية العالمية الناشئة عن انتشار فيروس كورونا (والذي وصفته منظمة الصحة العالمية في 30/كانون الثاني/2020 بانه حالة طواريء صحية عامة مُثيرة للقلق الدولي، ثم عادت لتُسبغ عليه وصف الجائحة   pandemic  في 11/آذار/2020) وما أتخذته السطات الحكومية في دول العالم المختلفة من تدابير وأجراءات متفاوته (سواء بمستواها الاعلى من فرض حظر التجوال الشامل او ما اطلق عليه عالميا بالحجر المنزلي وبالتالي تعطيل كافة القطاع

تعتبر ظاهرة الفساد بصورة عامة ظاهرة عالمية واسعة الانتشار، توجد فى

كافة المجتمعات النامية منها والمتقدمة بدرجات متفاوتة، ذلك أن الفساد قد أضحى

ظاهرة لا يكاد يخلو منها مجتمع. وظاهرة الفساد بالإضافة إلى كونها ظاهرة

عابرة للحدود، فهى ظاهرة ذات جذور عميقة وتأخذ أبعاداً واسعة تتداخل معها

وترتبط بها عدة مفاهيم وعوامل يصعب التمييز بينها، وتختلف كذلك درجة

توافرها وشموليتها من مجتمع إلى آخر.