يتناول هذا البحث ظاهرة الثنائية اللغوية في الدرس اللساني الذي عالج معظم الظواهر المرتبطة بالواقع اللغوي لدى جميع الألسن، إذ أقرَّ الدارسون أنّ اللغة نظام تحرّكه آليّات تختلف من لسان إلى آخر على جميع مستوياته، وما كان التعدّد اللغوي وتفرعاته (الثنائية اللغوية والازدواجية اللغوية) على هذا الكوكب إلّا حصيلة التطور لهذه الظاهرة الاجتماعية التي عُدت الوسيلة الكافية لتواصل البشر كافة، ولمّا كانت المجتمعات متغ

في بطولة العالم التي اقيمت ببرلين عام 2009 لالعاب القوى قام الاتحاد الدولي بتحليل الرقم العالمي الجديد بسباق ركض 100 متر بزمن (9,58) الذي حققه اللاعب الجامايكي يوسين بولت، وشمل التحليل الازمان الجزئية لكل 10 متر وعدد الخطوات المنجزة ومعدل السرعة ، ومسافة تزايد السرعة والمحافظة على السرعة وانخفاضها، ونظرا لاهمية نتائج هذا التحليل باعتباره تحليلا لافضل واسرع زمن تحقيق في هذه المسابقة ، ارتأى الباحث مقارنة نتائج هذ

Background: Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease which represents about 8-10% of all congenital heart diseases. It is characterized by four morphological features, large malalignment ventricular septal defect, Pulmonary stenosis, Overriding of aorta, and Right ventricular hypertrophy. The infant with TOF does well for the first few months of life with minimal or no cyanosis. The cyanosis begins to increase with secondary slow increase in polycythemia as well. Hypercyanotic spells are the most common complicating features of TOF 
Patients and methods: This is a retrospective study of 200 patients with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) referred to Ibn Al-Bitar Center for Car

تضمن البحث خمسة أبواب احتوى الباب الأول على مقدمة البحث وأهميته وتم التطرق إلى أنه لا يمكن تمييز أو دراسة الحركات المؤداة الا بتحليلها أو تحليل اتصالها مع بعضها. وطاولة القفز في الجمناستك هي إحدى أجهزة الجمناستك التي تتميز عن باقي الاجهزة من حيث التدريب والتقويم,. مما جعل الاهتمام والتدريب على جهاز منصة القفز مضاعفا, وتكمن اهمية البحث وضع معادلة تنبؤية وفق قيم هذه المتغيرات بعد مقارنتها بمحك (موديل), اما مشكل

لا بدّ لكل ظاهرة لغوية من أن تحظى باهتمام الباحثين؛ لأنّ اللغة هي مفتاح الفكر، فنحن بها نفكر، وهي سبيلنا لأن نخرج هذا الفكر، ولما كانت البلاغة هي أقرب صورة للتعبير عن القصد كان لكل باحث أن يقف على معطياتها مرة، وعلى نتائجها مرة أخرى

A robust video-bitrate adaptive scheme at client-aspect plays a significant role in keeping a good quality of video streaming technology experience. Video quality affects the amount of time the video has turned off playing due to the unfilled buffer state. Therefore to maintain a video streaming continuously with smooth bandwidth fluctuation, a video buffer structure based on adapting the video bitrate is considered in this work. Initially, the video buffer structure is formulated as an optimal control-theoretic problem that combines both video bitrate and video buffer feedback signals. While protecting the video buffer occupancy from exceeding the limited operating level can provide continuous video str

   ملخّص البحث     

     لقد كان هذا البحث نتاج صراع واقع، وادعاء طرأ على ساحة الأمة اليوم ، وكان نصيبي هو الدفاع عن الدين بالقلم سلاح الفكر مما يراد من تشويه الحقائق او سرقة الدين بإسم الدين واحتكاره، لذا اردت عرض الموضوع كما عرضه القرآن في سورة البقرة بعد جهد تأمل ولجوء الى الله بأن يفيض علينا من سحائب رحمته وفضله ومَنهِ وكرمه بما يفتح لنا من فهم آياته في هذه السورة في س

                                  ملخّص البحث     

    بما ان علم اصول الفقه هو احد العلوم الشرعية الضرورية للفقيه والمجتهد وهو العاصم لهما من الخطأ والزلل في استنباط الاحكام الشرعية العملية من ادلتها التفصيلية، وهو الميزان لفهم العبارة وتفسيرها، ومعرفة المراد منها ونظرا لعدم اهتمام الاصوليي

First: People’s need for advocacy:

Calling for a legal necessity for all people, regardless of their races, colours, tongues, and culture, to explain the truth, spread fear, bring benefits, ward off evil, regulate a person’s relationship with his Lord, and his relationship with creatures, so that he knows his money and what he owes.

All of creation is in dire need of the call to God’s religion with insight due to their inability to reach out to goodness, righteousness, guidance, and success on their own. Man is limited in thinking in this universe, limited in his resolve, unable to know what will improve his affairs in the two worlds. His need for religion is one of the necessities of his life, and one of the comple

Four photosensitizers were used to test inhibitory effect of Helicobacter pylori bacteria using
low power helium: neon red laser radiation. Biopsies were collected from 176 patients and H. pylori were
isolated, identified and bacterial suspension was prepared. Samples of this suspension were mixed with
various low concentrations of the test sensitizer. The mixture samples were exposed to different laser
radiation doses. The samples were then inoculated and the inhibition zones were studied and compared
with their analogues of control samples. The most effective sensitizer with optimum concentration and
irradiation dose was determined. Statistical analysis of results was performed. The sensitizers' toluidine
blue and

أولاً : مشكلة البحث :

أن مشكلة البحث تتمثل بوجود حاجة لتحسين الطرائق والأساليب المتبعة في التدريس ولذلك اتجهت البحوث في مجال التربية وعلم النفس إلى تحديد طرائق التدريس المناسبة لتطوير التفكير.         

ومن هذه الأساليب الحديثة  العصف الذهني بوصفها من اكثر الطرق التي قد  تؤدي إلى تحفيز الطلبة وأثاره القدرات الإبداعية لديهم في حقول التربية والتعليم وا

    واجهت الكثير من الدول عبر العالم في حقبة من أحقاب تاريخها مسألة بناء المؤسسات السياسية التي تستطيع خلق وضمان استمرار مجتمع ينعم بالشفافية والاستقرار والرخاء ويخضع لسلطة القانون. وتنعكس نتيجة هذا المخاض عادة في الدستور الذي يقوم المواطنون على أساسه بإقامة مؤسساتهم الحاكمة. وبخصوص المؤسسات التشريعية ٬ تجد الدول نفسها أمام عدد من الاختيارات. كيف ينبغي اختيار المشّرعين؟ وما السلطات التي يتعين إعطا

تتميز الرسائل المتبادلة بين العلماء والأدباء التي يطلق عليها الرسائل
الإخوانية بطابعٍ يميزها عن غيرها من الرسائل،

لابد لكل باحث في أي موضوع يرغب في عن القارة الافريقية  والمناطق المسلمة منها بشكل خاص ان يتلمس طرق حريتها وتحريرها وانعتاقها علية التحري والبحث عن العقدة الدينية التي عتنقها اهلها والتي جعلت منهم تواقين الى الحرية واثر هذة العقدة على ذلك الانسان في التحرير من كل اشكال العبودية

      تناول هذا البحث تأثير المنهج التجريبي الذي طوره العلماء المسلمون على العلوم والحضارة الغربية، مستعرضًا نشأته وتطويره لدى مجموعة من العلماء المسلمين مثل ابن الهيثم والرازي وجابر بن حيان.

       تتبع هذه المقالة بشكل موجز تاريخ الدرس الصوتي في التراث المعرفي العربي، وقد حاولت تأصيل هذا العلم بجانبيه الأصواتي والصواتي ضمن مختلف المدارس المعرفية وأهمها: المدرسة المعجمية والتي شكلت اللبنة الأولى لتأسيس هذا العلم، ثم المدرسة النحوية وكيف اعتنى النحاة العرب بالمستوى الأصواتي والصواتي في اللغة لأغراض صرفية، ثم مدرسة القراء والمجودين والمتميزة بوحدة المتن اللغوي المدروس والذي هو ا

Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) and Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) are comparable for nasopharyngeal cancerous radiation therapy. This research intends to analyze the high-quality plan using accomplishment, conformance, and homogeneity criteria.

The study involved 40 patients with a postnasal cancerous tumor. The patients underwent computed tomography (CT) simulation to scan the anatomical details of the patients' heads. Then, their data was forwarded to the treatment planning system (TPS) workstation for IMRT and VMAT planning. The plans were evaluated using the IOA, HI, and CI indices.

The nasopharynx coverage results consist of the GTV and PTV at 95%. The statistical study reveals that VMAT provides

The research aims to develop the best possible design for the widely used Cassegrain telescope. The system consists of two models of different designs: (a) the telescope consists of a Maksutov lens, a spherical primary mirror, and a secondary mirror attached to the lens; (b) it consists of a Maksutov lens and a spherical primary mirror, plus a non-lens attached secondary mirror located between the lens and the primary mirror. The image was evaluated and analyzed using the analysis tools in Zemax software. The results of the two designs showed that the telescope whose secondary mirrors are not adjacent to the Maksutov lens produces high quality image that is almost free from aberration, and then comes the telescope whose secondary mirrors

     In the current work, Calculate cross sections for  ²⁵²Cf (α,3n)²⁵³Fm  reaction Use of interpolation and cross-section sampling published in the international literature to select the appropriate interaction of ground-level energies in a computer-based program (MATALAB-17.0) , in steps of energies (0.2 Million electron volts). Given the importance of the ²⁵²Cf isotope and its entry into the industrial and medical fields, there was a need to determine the energy of the incident neutron to produce this isotope, relying on the masses of the entering and leaving particles and the values ​​of angular momentum to obtain an equation and according to the theory of the opposite reac

The availability of different processing levels for satellite images makes it important to measure their suitability for classification tasks. This study investigates the impact of the Landsat data processing level on the accuracy of land cover classification using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The classification accuracy values of Landsat 8 (LS8) and Landsat 9 (LS9) data at different processing levels vary notably. For LS9, Collection 2 Level 2 (C2L2) achieved the highest accuracy of (86.55%) with the polynomial kernel of the SVM classifier, surpassing the Fast Line-of-Sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes (FLAASH) at (85.31%) and Collection 2 Level 1 (C2L1) at (84.93%). The LS8 data exhibits similar behavior. C

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles were combined with a mixture of polymers: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). TiO₂ nanoparticles were formed by the sol–gel process, and nanocomposites were prepared with concentrations 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 wt% of TiO₂ nanoparticles after subjecting them to a calcination process at temperatures of about 400 °C and 700 °C, and with polymer blends of different concentrations (PVA various wt%, PEG constant wt%, and PVP constant wt%). A UV–Vis spectrometer was used to determine the optical constants of the prepared samples, namely, the absorption coefficients and Urbach energies. It was observed that the Urbach ene

The thermal evaporation technique is used to investigate the structural and optical properties of ZnIn₂(Se_1-0.2Te_0.2)₄ (ZIST) chalcopyrite semiconductors. ZnIn₂(Se_0.8Te_0.2)₄ thin films with a thickness of 500 nm are taken into consideration, and the effect of annealing at various temperatures ranged from R.T, 373, 473 K. (ZIST) Thin film is widely regarded as a remarkable semiconductor material for the development of second-generation solar cells. ZnIn₂(Se_0.8Te_0.2)₄ films are polycrystalline with excellent stoichiometric composition, as shown by XRD and AFM investigations. According to a structural study, an

     Proteus mirabilis is one of the most common Gram-negative bacteria that can cause UTIs. The purpose of this research was to identify virulence genes in P. mirabilis strains obtained from the urine of Iraqi patients diagnosed with urinary tract infections. From October 2022 to February 2023, AL-Imam Ali Hospital collected 100 urine specimens from patients exhibiting symptoms and signs of UTI. All specimens were identified based on morphological characteristics on media of culture like pale, non-lactose ferment colonies on MaCconkey agar, swarming on blood agar, and salmonella shigella agar for hydrogen sulfide production, more diagnosed via utilizing molecular detection and the VITEK system, giving positive resu

The structural and optical properties of silver telluride films with doped 2% aluminum (Ag₂Te:2%Al), prepared using the thermal evaporation technique, were studied on glass substrates with a thickness of (400+ 20) nm after changing the annealing temperature to (300° C) for one hour. The films were found to be polycrystalline, and monoclinic at room temperature (R.T.), the structure became cubic after annealing. In XRD test we found that the crystallite size of the doped films is larger before annealing than it is for the (Ag₂Te:2%Al) films, and AFM tests showed that the grain size increases after annealing It also shows that the structure is nano, UV-visible optical tests of Ag₂Te films revealed t

استخلص عامل التلزن من E. faecalis EM1 بعد تكسير بالكرات الزجاجية والترسيب بالكحول الاثيلي , واجري فحص التلزن وقياسه لمستخلص لخلايا  E. faecalis  مع انواع من البكتريا السالبة لصبغة غرام تضمنت     Escherichia coli  و Klebsiella  pneumonia  و Serratia marcescens   و Pseudomonase aeruginosa و Salmonella typhi , بينت النتائج ان اعلى نسبة تلزن للخلايا والمستخلص تكون مع بكتريا    ٍK. Pneumonia  حيث بلغ66.5 % مقارنة بالسيطرة79.5 % , واوطا قيمة للتلز

In this research, we investigate and evaluate the efficiency of a hetero junction N749-  device based on a simple donor-acceptor model for electron transfer. Electron transfer from a photo-excited N749 sensitized into a wide-band gap  is the basic charge separation in dye-sensitized solar cells, or "DSSCs". Due to the understanding of the current of the DSSCs functioning mechanism, the energy levels of the hetero junction N749-  device surrounded by DCM solvent as polar media must be continuum levels. The current-voltage (J-V) characteristics of the N749- device are calculated in two concentrations at room temperature (T=300 k) and 100   irradiation. The fill factor and efficiency of the device are found to be 0.134 and 6.990 for con

Metal oxide nanocomposites (MONCs) manufacturing is increasingly gaining popularity. The primary cause of this is the broad range of applications for such materials, which include fuel cells, photovoltaics, cosmetics, medicine, semiconductor packing materials, water treatment, and catalysts. Due to their size, stability, high surface area, catalytic activity, simplicity in fabrication, and selectivity for particular reactions. The MONCs with various morphologies have been created by physical, chemical, and biological processes, such as sol-gel, hydrothermal, co-precipitation, solvothermal, and microwave irradiation. Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) is a major component of clove essential oil and it was found in various plant groups, has

     In this research, poly acetal has been prepared from poly vinyl alcohol reaction with the para methyl benzaldehyde. The solution casting process was used to create the polymer blends of poly acetal and PVP. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of the gold and silver nanoparticles on the anticancer activity of the prepared compounds. Using onion peel extract as a reducing agent, the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were created. Nanocomposite were prepared by solution casting by mixing poly acetal /PVP /Au, Ag nano particles with different ratios. The AuNPs And AgNPs were characterized through XRD analysis and FESEM microscopy. The poly acetal, polymer blends and nano c

    Identifying the optimum solution that satisfies the restrictions and maximizes or minimizes the objective function is the aim of fully fuzzy fractional programming (FFFLP). Due to the inclusion of both fuzzy parameters and fractional variables, this problem is difficult to solve. Several approaches, including linear programming, nonlinear programming, genetic algorithms, and computational intelligence algorithms, have been suggested to handle fully fuzzy fractional linear programming (FFFL) problems. For describing the uncertainty, vagueness, or imprecision of information in the real world, triangular and trapezoidal fuzzy numbers are frequently used. Indeed, it is not always practical to limit the membership function

Bromelain is a proteolytic enzyme rich in cysteine proteases, extracted from the stem and fruit of pineapple (Ananas comosus). There are several therapeutic applications of the bromelain enzyme, where it has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antimicrobial activity, reduces joint pain, and accelerates wound healing. In the current study, bromelain enzyme was loaded on silver nanoparticles (Br-AgNPs) prepared using the citrate-reduction Turkevich method. Different characterization analyses were performed, including UV-Vis spectrophotometers, FTIR, SEM, and XRD analyses. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of prepared Br-AgNPs was evaluated by DPPH assay. The results of UV-Vis showed a peak at 434 nm, which referred to the AgNPs f