In this paper, our purpose is to study the quaternary continuous classical boundary optimal control vector problem dominated by a quaternary linear parabolic boundary value problem. Under suitable assumptions and with a given quaternary continuous classical boundary control vector, the existence theorem for a unique quaternary state vector solution to the weak form is stated and demonstrated via the method of Galerkin. Furthermore, the continuity of the Lipschitz operator between the state vector solution to the weak form for the dominating equations and the corresponding are proved. The existence of a quaternary continuous classical boundary optimal control vector is stated and demonstrated under suitable Assumptions. The mathe

     Nanotechnology products such as titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂-NPs) can be used for viral infections because of their unique characteristics. The current study aimed to determine the impact of TiO₂-NPs on HPV type 1 and 2 infections. The characterization of these NPs was performed using dynamic light scattering (DLS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The MTT assay was used to determine the toxic impacts of TiO₂-NPs on BHK-21 cells. The efficiency of TiO₂-NPs was performed using several parameters, including TCID50 and RT-PCR assays. An indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA)

     One of the quasi-Newton update formulae, namely the Davidon-Fletcher-Powell method, is crucial for resolving nonlinear programming optimization problems. In order to achieve a Newton-like condition that depends on the function values and gradient vectors at each iteration, we construct an alternative positive-definite Hessian approximation in this study. The essential theorems are established to study algorithm convergence. The proposed approach is then tested on well-known test problems and then compared to the standard DFP method. The numerical outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness of the newly developed method.

     The importance of a survey of Arabic root extraction algorithms is that it can provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the field and the various approaches used for this task. This can be helpful for academics and professionals working on Arabic natural language processing projects, since it enables them to comprehend the advantages and disadvantages of several approaches and select the one that is best suited to the task at hand. A survey can also help to pinpoint areas that require more research and can serve as a springboard for fresh studies in this area.  In general, a survey can enhance the study of Arabic root extraction and improve the quality of Arabic natural language processing tools. Researchers can

     Credit card fraud has become an increasing problem due to the growing reliance on electronic payment systems and technological advances that have improved fraud techniques. Numerous financial institutions are looking for the best ways to leverage technological advancements to provide better services to their end users, and researchers used various protection methods to provide security and privacy for credit cards. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the challenges and the proposed solutions to address them.  This review provides an overview of the most recent research on the detection of fraudulent credit card transactions to protect those transactions from tampering or improper use, which includes imbalance classes, concep

     An accumulation of aberrant cells called a brain tumor is the outcome of unregulated cell division. Brain cancers can be found using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The exponential growth of deep learning networks has allowed us to tackle complex tasks, even in fields as complicated as medicine. However, using these models requires a large corpus of data for the networks to be highly generalizable and have high performance. This dearth of training data makes it critical to explore methods such as data augmentation. In this sense, data augmentation methods are widely used in strategies to train networks, and with small data sets being vital in medicine due to the limited access to data, this work aims to identify the best class

     Estimation for the reliability of a parallel redundant system with independent stress and strength Burr distribution (type  ) probability density functions is considered. Estimation of the reliability parameters is conducted according to the non-Bayesian estimation methods, namely the maximum likelihood and shrinkage methods. The Bayesian estimation is also considered using the Jeffery and Gamma priors with squared error, quadratic and weighted loss functions. Finally, the reliability estimate is calculated and the best method for estimation for each case is given using the mean squared error criteria.

     Spiro-isatin derivatives have been the subject of extensive research due to their diverse pharmacological properties and potential therapeutic applications. These molecules are characterized by a spirocyclic structure that includes an isatin moiety and one or more heterocyclic rings, resulting in a unique and versatile molecular architecture. In this work, a series of new spiro-isatin derivatives B1-12 were synthesized over two steps. The first step included a condensation reaction between isatin and various aromatic amines, affording the corresponding Schiff bases A1-12 in high yields (up to 96%). In the second step, A1-12 unde

     The primary objective of this study was to measure the expression profile of the signal transducer activator transcription 1 (STAT1) in the circulatory leukocytes of non-pregnant/pregnant ewes and test the possibility that it could be useful for detecting early pregnancy. Whole blood was collected from 20 ewes (control) and another 5 samples were taken on days (15, 25, 35, and 50). Also, blood was collected from 30 ewes on day 15 post insemination (PI) and another 10 samples were taken on days (25, 35, and 50) PI. Total RNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs), and STAT1 expression levels were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Gene expression for STAT1 mRNA was 5.8-fold and 5.1

     Pregnancy and delivery are physiological conditions that are marked by abrupt alterations to hormones, immunological and molecular characters. The current study aimed to evaluate oxytocin (OT), prolactin (PRL), cortisol and insulin growth factor-2 (IGF-2) levels as physiological biomarkers; programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1),interleukin-6 (IL-6) as immunological biomarkers, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs53576 and rs2254298) of oxytocin receptor gene OXTR as molecular factors in samples of Iraqi women undergoing caesarean section (CS) and normal delivery (ND). Blood samples were collected from 96 pregnant women at term with ages ranging between 16-43 years. Regar

     The risk of breast cancer development is believed to be attributed to the alterations of a number of key biological components. Within this context, elevated levels of some chemokines that act as growth factors and can promote cancer development. The current study was designed to evaluate CXCL3 (a chemokine C-X-C Motif Ligand 3) and leptin (a peptide hormone synthesized by adipose tissue with cytokine activity) serum of Iraqi breast cancer patients in comparison to healthy controls. A total of 90 participants consisted of 60 patients diagnosed with breast cancer and 30 healthy women as control group were enrolled into this case-control study. Venous blood samples were collected from all participants to evaluate CXCL3 and leptin

     The main aim of our study was to determine if the ACE2 rs2106809 and AGT rs699 polymorphisms increase the risk and severity of Covid-19 infection in Iraqi patients. This case-control study included 102 patients (mean age 52.66±18.82 years) and 92 healthy (mean age 37.88±14.19 years). The patients were grouped based on severity: hospitalized (n = 57) and non-hospitalized (n = 45). Demographic and comorbidity data was also collected. Genotype distribution of two selected SNPs ACE2 gene rs2106809 and AGT rs699 polymorphisms was performed by allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) and sanger sequencing. The ACE2 rs2106809 C allele was associated to an increased risk of Covid-19 infection and the s

     Doubts arise about the originality of a document when noticing a change in its writing style. This evidence to plagiarism has made the intrinsic approach for detecting plagiarism uncover the plagiarized passages through the analysis of the writing style for the suspicious document where a reference corpus to compare with is absent.

     The proposed work aims at discovering the deviations in document writing style through applying several steps: Firstly, the entire document is segmented into disjointed segments wherein each corresponds to a paragraph in the original document. For the entire document and for each segment, center vectors comprising average  weight of their word  are constructed. Second, the degree of

     Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common infections caused mainly by Escherichia coli and the O-antigen and FimH & PapGII adhesion genes are among the most important virulence factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of some O-antigen in uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and molecular characterization of the adhesion genes FimH & PapGII. 63 E. coli isolates (50.4% from total number of samples) were collected from urinary tract infection patients from July to October in 2021 and identified using molecular and biochemical tests. Seven antigenic types of uropathogenic E. coli were investigated, as well as the presence of

     In this contribution, new derivatives of bicyclic fused rings with a bridgehead nitrogen atom were synthesized from the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives C1 by reacting two moles of 2-aminopyridine and 4-aminoacetophenone with iodine in a one-pot reaction. This compound (C1) was then condensed with 2-nitrobenzaldehyde and 2,4-dichlorobenzaldehyde to form new derivatives of Schiff bases (C2 and C3). These Schiff bases were then cyclized to synthesize thiazolidin-4-one derivatives (C4 and C5), tetrazole derivatives (C6 and C7), and aza-β-lactam derivatives (C8 and C9

     This research aims to investigate the color distribution of a huge sample of 613654 galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Those galaxies are at a redshift of 0.001 - 0.5 and have magnitudes of g = 17 - 20. Five subsamples of galaxies at redshifts of (0.001 - 0.1), (0.1 - 0.2), (0.2 - 0.3), (0.3 - 0.4) and (0.4 - 0.5) have been extracted from the main sample. The color distributions (u-g), (g-r) and (u-r) have been produced and analysed using a Matlab code for the main sample as well as all five subsamples. Then a bimodal Gaussian fit to color distributions of data that have been carried out using minimum chi-square in Microsoft Office Excel. The results showed that the color distributions of the main sample and all

     Staphylococcus haemolyticus is one of the most frequently isolated coagulase-negative staphylococci. The ability to form biofilm is considered as one of the most important virulence factors of coagulase negative staphylococci. There is only limited knowledge of the nature of S. haemolyticus biofilms. This study was aimed at evaluating the ability of S. haemolyticus strains to produce biofilm in the presence of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs). The biological synthesis of nanoparticles is an environmentally friendly approach for large-scale production of nanoparticles. Copper oxide nanoparticles were produced in the current study from the S. haemolyticus viable cell filtrate

     Female reproductive aging is a normal phase of life that eventually leads to menopause and reproductive senescence. The current experimental investigation was intended to study zinc supplementation effects on early embryonic development and neonates in 26-28 weeks old female mice. In this investigation, 80 mature female mice were used that were divided into two groups of forty each. Two control groups received distilled water, while two Zn groups were given 0.115 mg/kg/day Zn orally daily during 2-3 estrous cycles. The female mice were all mated with adult males. Twenty female mice from both the control and Zn groups were euthanized by CO₂ gas inhalation, and then a longitudinal incision in the abdomen of each female

     Green synthesis methods have emerged as favorable techniques for the synthesis of nano-oxides due to their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, and non-toxicity. In this study, Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) were synthesized using the aqueous extract of Laurus nobilis leaves as a natural capping agent. The synthesized NiO-NPs were employed as an adsorbent for the removal of Biebrich Scarlet (BS) dye from aqueous solution using adsorption technique. Comprehensive characterization of NiO-NPs was performed using various techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett and Teller (BET) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Add

     The goal of this paper is to show the kinematic characteristics of gaseous stellar dynamics using scaling coefficient relationships (such as Tully-Fisher) in different spiral galaxies. We selected a sample of types of spiral morphology  (116 early, 150 intermediate, and 146 late) from previous literature work, and used statistical software (statistic-win-program) to find out the associations of multiple factors under investigation, such as the main kinematic properties of the gaseous-stellar (mass, luminosity, rotational speed, and baryons) in different types of spiral galaxies. We concluded that there is a robust positive connection between Log V_rot.max.) and Log M_star(B-V), as well as between Log V_r

     It is necessary to follow new strategies for the isolation of bacteria with unique characteristics from novel sources during the search for new antimicrobial compounds. Geobacillus thermoleovorans strain Ir1 (JQ912239), a novel thermophilic bacterium, which was isolated from soil in Iraq (Basrah and Baghdad)    showed a good ability to utilize hydrocarbon compounds. This study objective was to demonstrate G. thermoleovorans Ir1 potential antibacterial capabilities. The ability of the spore-forming bacterium G. thermoleovorans Ir1 to produce antimicrobial bioactive compounds that affects two pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus was investigat

     Mala GX (Ground Explorer) conducted the survey using two different antennas: 450 MHz and 750 MHz. Data for the 450 MHz antenna were collected in a grid, while data for the 750 MHz antenna were collected in parallel profiles at the same location above the 450 MHz profiles. After processing the data using GPR slice software, possible reflections of archaeological walls buried at different depths and with different extensions of 13 m, 7 m, 6 m, 5m, 3 and 2 m were identified. The reflections were clear and high in the 450 MHz antenna with a depth penetration of 3 meters and unclear and weak in the 750 MHz antenna with a depth penetration of 1 meter. When comparing the two antennas, it is possible to notice a match in the reflection

     Shigella infection strains producing shiga toxin results in bloody diarrheais a dangerous symptom in children under five years of age that can even lead to death. Therefore, this study was conducted to isolate Shigella strains producing shiga toxin from 150 samples which were taken from bloody stool of children under the five years of age. They were suffering from the diarrhea during the period from March 2021 to March 2022 in Tikrit city, Iraq. The results showed the possibility to isolate six isolates of Shigella sonnei at ratio 4% of the total samples. The isolates producing shiga toxin were identified by using stx1 gene. The results showed two isolates of Shigella possessing s

     This scientific paper presents two novel lanthanide metal complexes [Sm (III) and Ce (IV)] synthesized through a series of reactions involving organic ligand 8-[3-(pyrazoyl)azo]adenine (PAA). Ligand (PAA) and their complexes were characterized using various analytical techniques, including C.H.N.S elemental analysis, magnetic measurement, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, SEM, (TGA) UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, and HNMR analysis. These techniques were employed to support the mode of binding and geometrical structure for ligand (PAA) and its Lanthanide (Ln) complexes. The FTIR and HNMR spectral results showed that   (PAA) acts as neutral N,N-bidentate with [Sm (III) and Ce (IV)]. The geometric shape of the synthe

     In this article, the effects of physical flow parameters on squeezed fluid between parallel plates are explored through the Darcy porous channel when fluid is moving as a result of the upper plate being squeezed towards the stretchable lower plate, such as velocity slip, thermal slip, solutal slip, thermal stratification parameter, solutal stratification parameter, squeezing number, Darcy number, Prandtl number, and Schmidt number. The governing equations are transformed into a nonlinear ordinary differential equation using the appropriate similarity transformations. The resulting equations are solved by using the perturbation iteration method (PIT) to produce a convergent analytical solution with high accuracy. The phenomena of

     This work compares the changes in optical and structural properties of cerium oxide (CeO₂) when doped with different concentrations (3%,5%,7%, and 9%) of two oxides, In₂O₃ and Eu₂O₃. X-ray diffraction and spectrophotometry were employed in the visible, ultraviolet, and near-infrared regions. The findings demonstrated that CeO₂ doped with In₂O₃ and Eu₂O₃ thin films were polycrystalline and had a cubic structure. The crystal size increased from 20.5 to 32.15 when Eu₂O₃ doping ratio increased from 0% to 7% and then decreased to 28.46 nm at 9%. While the crystal size showed an increase from 20.5 to 21

     In this paper, we investigate the influence of the rotation and magnetic field on the peristaltic flow of the Bingham fluid in an asymmetric channel with a porous medium under the long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximation assumptions.                                                                                                                           

The perturbation method and the Mathematica program for solving nonlinear partial differential equations are used to couple the momentum equations with the rotational and magnetic field equations. The fluid is considered to be subject to

     Let  be a commutative ring with identity, and  be a unitary left R-module. In this paper we, introduce and study a new class of modules called pure hollow (Pr-hollow) and pure-lifting (Pr-lifting). We give a fundamental, properties of these concept.  also, we, introduce some conditions under which the quotient and direct sum of Pr-lifting modules is Pr-lifting.

     This article aims to determine the time-dependent heat coefficient together with the temperature solution for a type of semi-linear time-fractional inverse source problem by applying a method based on the finite difference scheme and Tikhonov regularization. An unconditionally stable implicit finite difference scheme is used as a direct (forward) solver. While by the MATLAB routine lsqnonlin from the optimization toolbox, the inverse problem is reformulated as nonlinear least square minimization and solved efficiently. Since the problem is generally incorrect or ill-posed that means any error inclusion in the input data will produce a large error in the output data. Therefore, the Tikhonov regularization technique is ap

     Deep learning (DL) plays a significant role in several tasks, especially classification and prediction. Classification tasks can be efficiently achieved via convolutional neural networks (CNN) with a huge dataset, while recurrent neural networks (RNN) can perform prediction tasks due to their ability to remember time series data. In this paper, three models have been proposed to certify the evaluation track for classification and prediction tasks associated with four datasets (two for each task). These models are CNN and RNN, which include two models (Long Short Term Memory (LSTM)) and GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit). Each model is employed to work consequently over the two mentioned tasks to draw a road map of deep learning models f