The curing process of epoxy resin was investigated with some additives and fillers such as nano fumed silica with primary particle diameter of 56–58 nanometers, fine ferric oxide with an average particle diameter of 0.4 micrometer, fine calcium carbonate with an average particle diameter of 0.58 micrometer, and plasticizer, a new composite resin has been obtained. Based on present experimental results, the new composite resin shows high impact strength and hardness as well as the ability of the composite withstand to degradation from water way in. Additionally, curing time of composite was reduced to the minimum set time than epoxy resin at different temperature. This new composite resin was used appropriately for coating to protect su

فقد كتبت بحثي هذا بعنوان (الشهود من حيث القبول والرد في الفقه الإسلامي)، وقد بينت فيه المنهج الذي سرت عليه، ومعنى الشهادة وحكمها الشرعي وأركانها وما يتعلق بكل ركن من شروط، ثم ذكرت المسائل المتعلقة بشهادة كل من الأعمى، والمحدود في القذف إذا تاب، وشهادة الوالد لولده، أتقبل شهاداتهم أم ترد؟ مع ذكر القول الراجح لكل مسألة، وختمت البحث بخاتمة تضمنت أهم النتائج التي توصلت اليها، وصلى الله على سيدنا محمد وعلى آله وص

يتناول هذا البحث: غريب القرآن في عمدة الحفّاظ في تفسير أشرف الألفاظ، للسمين الحلبي (ت 756هـ) بوصفه من أهم موضوعات علوم القرآن، ويعالج الدور الذي يؤديه الغريب في بيان المعاني التفسيرية للألفاظ في القرآن الكريم، والدور الذي يؤديه في التفسير، وتوضيح المعاني والدلالات المختلفة في المواضع التي يرد فيها، وقد حدد البحث الغريب في كتاب عمدة الحفّاظ للسمين الحلبي، وتناوله بالدراسة والتحليل من حيث معناه وأصله ودلالات

الخلفية:

يعتبر اوكسيد النتريك من العناصر الفسلجية والمهمة في تنظيم حركية السائل المائي للعين. من جهة أخرى فان المركبات التي تعتمد في فعاليتها على اوكسيد النتريك قد تعمل على زيادة تصريف السائل المائي للعين وبالتالي في انخفاض الضغط الداخلي للعين 

الأهداف: 

السلدينافيل من الأدوية المثبطة للإنزيم الفوسفودايستريز -5 والتي تعمل على زيادة تحري

خلفية: بروتينات الصدمة الحرارية يكون لها دور عام في الاستجابة للجدران الشرايين إلى التوتر ويمكن أن تكون بمثابة وسيط / محفز لتصلب الشرايين في ظروف معينة عندما HSPs ربط خصيصا لمجمع تول مثل مستقبلات 4/CD14، الشروع في المناعة الفطرية ردا على ذلك، بما في ذلك إنتاج السيتوكينات الموالية للالتهابات، وهذا يتبعه أيضا من خلال التضخيم خلوى التهجير من الضامة والعدلات.

الهدف: تحقيق في النسبة الم

Background and objectives: P53 gene mutation and deletion are among the important molecular markers linked to lung cancer. In most cases, the inactivating mutations affecting both p53 alleles are acquired in somatic cells. Less commonly, the mutations are inherited ones. The aim of the present study was to analyze the frequency of having a wild and/or a mutated p53 gene in lung cancer compared to benign lung lesions and to relate these findings to different morphological types and grades of lung cancer.
Patients, materials and methods: In this retrospective study, the histopathology blocks of 30 lung cancer cases covering the period from2002 to 2007were obtained from the archives of the histopathology sec

Background: It is well known that the low level laser irradiation has act on immune system cells in a number of ways, one of them includes increasing phagocytic activity of irradiated cells. This study was established to shed light on the possible effect of laser irradiation on phagocytic activity of polymorphoneutrophils.
Subjects and methods: Fresh blood samples were obtained from twenty healthy volunteers for phagocytosis assay. The polymorphoneutrophils were isolated from blood and examined their phagocytic capacity befor and after exposure to laser irradiation.
Results: The present study revealed a significant increase in the mean percentage of phagocytosis after exposure to diode laser of wave le

البحث هو جمع للأحاديث التي أُشير إلى تصديقها من القرآن الكريم، وقد بُني البحث على (ستة) مباحث رُتبت فيها المَرْوِيات التي ورد تصديقها من القران باعتبار الموضوع الذي يجمعها، فكان المبحث الأول لأحاديث العبادات التي ورد تصديقها من القران، والمبحث الثاني لأحاديث الأمور الغيبية التي ورد تصديقها من القران، والمبحث الثالث لأحاديث وصف الجنة التي ورد تصديقها من القران، والمبحث الرابع لأحاديث أحوال الناس التي ورد

Background: Cherry extract has a wide range of biological activity. In the present investigation, two oral doses 0.04&0.08 mg/kg/day of cherry stick (ethanol extract) in albino male mice resulted in a significant decrease in concentration of serum total cholesterol concentration, triglyceride and total protein, albumin and globulin.
Objective: we investigated the impact of biological activities of cherry stick extract on serum cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin and globulin in white albino male mice.
Design: This study include three groups of white albino male mice. The first group (G1) was a control group comprised of 5 animals. The second group (G2) consisted of 5 animals treated with 1

يتضمن هذا البحث الكشف عن أهم الأسباب العامة لظهور الإلحاد، ثم دراسة ميدانية تحليلية لظاهرة الإلحاد في المدارس الاعدادية في محافظة بغداد وبيان اسبابها وتداعياتها واقتراح حلول لها من خلال التوصيات وايصالها الى الجهات المعنية بغية معالجتها، والوقوف دون انتشار هذه الظاهرة الخطيرة على المجتمع. والاستبانة تعد عملاً اكاديمياً جديداً من نوعه في الدراسات الاسلامية، وقد اخترنا أن يكون هذا الاحصاء في محافظة بغداد

Energy efficiency is a significant aspect in designing robust routing protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A reliable routing protocol has to be energy efficient and adaptive to the network size. To achieve high energy conservation and data aggregation, there are two major techniques, clusters and chains. In clustering technique, sensor networks are often divided into non-overlapping subsets called clusters. In chain technique, sensor nodes will be connected with the closest two neighbors, starting with the farthest node from the base station till the closest node to the base station. Each technique has its own advantages and disadvantages which motivate some researchers to come up with a hybrid routing algorit

A study of the Torymid collection of Iraq. resulted in undescribed species of the genus
Liodontonierus Gah. L. longicorpus sp. n. with 2 figures.

أهداف البحث: يهدف هذا البحث إلى معرفة أهمية المنهج في تكوين الثقافة الإسلامية، وأسباب الانتكاسة التي عانى منها المسلمون إثر اللقاء بالثقافة الغربية، وضرورة استعادة المنهج التكاملي في نظر ابن عاشور من أجل تجديد الفكر الإسلامي وتحقيق النهوض الحضاري. منهج الدراسة: جرى اعتماد المنهج التحليلي، والمنهج التاريخي، والمنهج النقدي، في تتبع منهجية الفاضل ابن عاشور في مقاله عن فقدان الرابط المكون للثقافة الإسلامية

 In this paper, the human robotic leg which can be represented mathematically by single input-single output (SISO) nonlinear differential model with one degree of freedom, is analyzed and then a simple hybrid neural fuzzy controller is designed to improve the performance of this human robotic leg model. This controller consists from SISO fuzzy proportional derivative (FPD) controller with nine rules summing with single node neural integral derivative (NID) controller with nonlinear function. The Matlab simulation results for nonlinear robotic leg model with the suggested controller showed that the efficiency of this controller when compared with the results of the leg model that is controlled by PI+2D, PD+NID, and F

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and debilitating autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation with subsequent cartilage and bone destruction. Cytokines are  key mediators of inflammation and can be found in abundance both in the joint and blood of patients. This study was designed to evaluate the role of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in pathogenesis of RA, as well as study the correlation among these cytokines.
Patients and methods: Forty patients with RA and thirty age-matched healthy controls were included in this study. Serum cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Results: The serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8

Back ground: Anaemia is one of commonest health problems in antenatal care units of developing countries and contributes significantly to increased maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.
Patients and methods: During the period from 1st of July 2007 to the end of October 2007, hundred anaemic pregnant women attending the gynaecology and obstetrics department in Al- Yarmook teaching hospital in Baghdad and 20 apparently healthy pregnant women,aged between 17 - 46 years as a control were included in this study. Anaemic women included in this study fulfilled the criteria of haemoglobin concentration of less than 110 g/L in first trimester and 105g/L in the second and third trimesters, no history of acute

Background: Patient evaluation of the healthcare provided by his/her family doctor is a multidimensional concept, its main component being the doctor-patient interaction.
Materials and Methods: a total of 200 client chosen by systematic random sampling were successfully interviewed immediately after having the contact with the family physician in the family medicine center.
Results: The present study showed that the majority of the clients were young age, most of them were female, completed secondary education and the majorities were unemployed. This study determined the client general satisfaction the services provided by the physician the overall satisfaction was high (98%), the most significant stat

Background: IL-4 is an antibodies inflammatory cytokine which has an important role in protecting against the inflammatory reactions in most of diseases. Here, we try to highlights the role of this cytokine in chronic Rheumatic heart disease and its correlation with the extent of histopathological abnormalities.
Patients and Methods: Rheumatic mitral valve surgical fragments were taken from a total of 48 Iraqi patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease under mitral valve replacement surgery in Ibn Al- Bitar Hospital for Cardiac Surgery-Iraq-Baghdad. Paraffin embedded mitral valve tissue sections were prepared. IL-4-expressing cells were detected by using immunohistochemical staining technique and

Language is a vehicle for social values and ideologies that a man intends or attempts to express. Dramatic texts are one of the discursive practices that embody values and ideologies. What is expressed in dramatic text is deliberate because it is meant to affect other’s values, trends and ideologies in one way or another. Such ideologies and values are not explicit. To bring them out requires putting language under scrutiny to unveil what is implied. The present study attempts to analyze a dramatic script entitled Advice to Iraqi Women by the British playwright Martin Crimp in an attempt to unveil the intended political ideologies underlying the text. The title reflects a political aspect embedded in the word “Iraqi” that

صممت هذه الدراسة لمعرفة التأثير الضار لفرط المثيونيي للوا الجزوال التلاسولذ الوذكري للجورااض فبالألوافة الوا
معرفوة التوأثير النيوالذ للمسوتكلو الللونلذ للسبيوب الأسوند . وا يسوتكدام ثماييوة لذور مو اكونر الجورااض البالغوة ويسومت
لذنالياً الا ثلاثة مجاميع متساوية ولنملت كالا ذ لمدة 42 ينم 1 مجمنلوة السويطره - C (جرلوت مللونا الودار ؛ 2 -
مجمنلة المعاملة الأولا GI ( جرلت الجرااض فذ هوذه المجمنلوة 100 ملغوا

أجريت هذه الدراسة للكشف عن تأثير إعطاء حامض الفوليك بجرع مختلفة ) 5 مايكروغرام و 01 مايكروغرام( يومي ا
لكل حيوان على بعض المعايير الدمية في ذكوور الأرابوب البالغوةم توس ت سويس الايوابوائ عشوواىيا إلوى ثيثوة مجوامي متسواوية
مجموعة سيطرة ومجموعتي معالجة ، عوملت المجموعة الأولى T1 باامض الفوليك بجرعة ) 5 مايكروغرام( ومجموعة
المعالجة الثابية بجرعة ) 01 مايكروغرام( واستمرئ التجربة لمدة أربعة أسابي لغرض دراسة بع

In this investigate Cholera toxin was purified from the local clinical isolate
designated as V. cholerae S . Few steps were employed for purification of CT
including concentration of the protein, back extraction, and gel filtration. The
bioactivity of CT reflected that crude and purified toxin had lethal activity on Balb/c
mice in which a dose of 2.5µg/ ml of purified toxin caused mice death with
symptoms such as muscle cramps and tachycardia while erythematous and
induration was seen at intradermal I. d injection of skin of Guinea pig.
Histopathological examination for liver, intestine, adrenal gland and spleen of white
mice showed that liver tissue was more affected compared with spleen, intestine and
adrena

The research entitled (Image of the Religious Coup in Spain in the Middle Ages) aims to shed light on the prevailing image of the religious coup in Spain during the Middle Aga

This study was conducted to evaluate the activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel powder and Pseudomonas fluorescens against Pythium aphanidermatum the causal agent of cucumber seedlings damping-off. Results showed that augmenting of pomegranate peel powder at 2%, P. fluorescens suspension contain 4×107cfu/ml, and the fungicide Previcure N at 0.5 ml/L to culture media (PDA) were inhibited the pathogen growth by 100, 100 and 72.1% respectively. Results of greenhouse experiment indicated that treatment of cucumber seeds with pomegranate peel powder, reduced pre-emergence damping-off percentage to 3.3% compared with 16.6% disease with P. fluorescens and 96.6% in control treatment (pathogen only). No significant differences were ob

The study deals with palaeoecology and paleoclimates of Holocene sediments of historical Babylon area on palynological evidence which located at Euphrates river, (100) Km south of Baghdad. Links between environmental and socio- cultural changes are explored in archaeological and palaeoenvironmental data. The increased social and cultural developments as a response of enhanced aridity, driven by population accumulation in environments characterized by the presence of surface water resource. Three palaeoecological zones PZ1, PZ2, and PZ3 are deduced from the pollen diagram which reflect the climatic and ecologic changes throughout parts of the Holocene (5500-7500; 5500- 4000 and 4000-Present yr BP).
Cereal grasses appear at the beginnin

A Monte Carlo simulation has been used to design program which simulate gamma rays backscattering system. Gamma ray backscattering is very important to get useful information about shielding, absorption and counting problems. Simulation was done of a 661.6 KeV from a collimated point source of 137Cs. When increasing the scattering angle of photon which emerging from Iron target , as the incident gamma beam angles of 15°, 45° and 75°, the results showed that the single scattering count decreases. Whereas, this count increased by increasing the incident angle. In addition, the single scattering peak (count) increases according to the sample thickness until „saturation thickness‟. Our simulation results are useful to evaluate the opt

Thirty serum samples of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis after screening of rheumatoid factor, C-reactive protein and ESR were collected and including in present study to detect the IgG antibody against Chlamydia pneumoniae by ELISA test. The results showed only 2(6%) patients had seropositive of C. pneumoniae, this lead to suggest that C. pneumoniae may be one of the etiological or trigger factor in patients of rheumatoid arthritis.

Wind energy harnesses the kinetic force of the wind through turbines to produce electricity. As a critical renewable energy source, it presents a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. The availability of wind energy is geographically contingent. This paper aims to pinpoint optimal sites for wind energy development in Iraq and to secure future energy needs from renewable sources to achieve this, a multi-criteria analysis utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was employed to determine the prime locations for wind energy extraction. Vital climatic data incorporated into this analysis included a RASTER file of the study area's annual wind speed, temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, and NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation