Short pulse laser generation using phase shifted fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is a theoretical demonstration and investigation in this paper. The specified refractive index can be photo-written in an optical fiber using UV laser with a standard phas mask scanning techniques. Two Bragg gratings were specially designed to spectrally filtering the edges of the input puise. When the FBGs are fabricated in the core of the optical fiber, most of the power travels in the core with a smock part corresponding to the evanescent wave that travels outside near the core in the cladding. The results show the desired full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the pulse propagation in the core of the optical fiber is 5,025 nm, which corresponds to frequency FWHM

The chemical analysis for active groups in oil extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum was indicated the presence of Glycosides, Alkaloids, Resins, Saponins, Coumarins, Flavonoids, Terpens and Steroids. But the water extract contains Glycosides, Tanins, Resins, Saponins,and phenpls.The oil extract appeared high inhibitory effect on growth and aflatoxin B1 production for Aspergillus flavus locally isolate. The detection of aflatoxin B1 has been done using TLC and HPLC techniques.
The total inhibitory effect of oil extract on the growth of A. flavus and aflatoxin B1 production was at the concentrations up to 350ppm using YES medium, while inhibited the growth of the same isolate on PDA medium at the levels up to 650ppm.

To evaluate the Combination effect of Nitrogen laser and chlorohexidine on the viability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that isolated from burns, the samples of bacteria were irradiated with 337.1 nm Nitrogen laser using 5 and 10 pulses/second repetition rates , at 1 , 5, 10 ,15, 25 minutes exposure times . The irradiation was done with and without treatment with chlorohexidine respectively. The results showed that there is a noticeable effect of Laser on the viability of bacteria with the presence of chlorohexidine. The viability of bacteria decreased with increasing the exposure time and pulse repetition rate.

تعود الأطماع الفرنسية في تونس إلى حقبة بعيدة، تمتد لعام 1270م عندما قاد ملك فرنسا لويس التاسع حملة عسكرية للسيطرة عليها كان مصيرها الفشل، وبعدها تمكنت فرنسا عام 1685 من فرض معاهدة مع تونس تخولها أحقية الامتياز على بقية الدول الأخرى. وعقب الاحتلال الفرنسي للجزائر عام 1830 أولت فرنسا اهتماما خاصاً لتونس التي عدتها امتداداً للجزائر من الجهة الشرقية، وأخذت تختلق المسوغات لاحتلالها. في ضوء ذلك جاء هذا البحث ليسلط الض

     This study focused on the soil  of the Al-Khassa Sub Basin,  thirty-four soil samples were collected from different areas of land use and differences in human activity.

 Physicochemical properties of the soil were examined Hydrogen Potential (pH), Organic Matter (O.M), Loss Of  Ignition (L.O.I), Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) and Total Hydrocarbon (THC).

  Hydrogen Potential (pH)  showed that the soil is alkaline above seven with  a mean 7.98.

Organic Matter (O.M) of the study area with a mean  1.28 % and high value found in Agricultural areas.Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)  with a mean  42.64  (cmol/kg) that is proportional to the granular size of the soil that silty c

تناولت الدراسة انعكاسات سقوط الحكومة العربية في دمشق برئاسة الأمير فيصل بن الحسين والاحتلال الفرنسي لسوريا 24 تموز1920م، وآثارها على منطقة شرق الأردن (جنوب شرق بلاد الشام)، بالتعرض لموقف الأهالي من الاحتلال ومحاولاتهم لتنظيم إدارة شؤون مناطقهم المحلية بما يحقق آمالهم السياسية في الحفاظ على جزء من كينونة دولتهم العربية. التي تمكنت الدراسة من رصدها في محورين رئيسيين، بالاعتماد على ما هو متاح من وثائق أصيلة أرد

Feature selection algorithms play a big role in machine learning applications. There are several feature selection strategies based on metaheuristic algorithms. In this paper a feature selection strategy based on Modified Artificial Immune System (MAIS) has been proposed. The proposed algorithm exploits the advantages of Artificial Immune System AIS to increase the performance and randomization of features. The experimental results based on NSL-KDD dataset, have showed increasing in performance of accuracy compared with other feature selection algorithms (best first search, correlation and information gain).

يهدف البحث إلى معرفة الأطر الإخبارية التي ابرزتها أو استبعدتها قناتا "الجزيرة والعربية" في معالجة الأحداث المرتبطة بالأزمة الخليجية، ويعد هذا البحث من البحوث الوصفية، اذ استخدم المنهج المسحي بأسلوب تحليل المضمون لعينة عشوائية منتظمة من نشرات الاخبار الرئيسة في القناتين عن طريق استمارة تحليل مضمون اعدت لهذا الغرض وخضعت للتحكيم من قبل مجموعة خبراء في مجال الإعلام والعلوم السياسية لمعرفة مدى صلاحية فقراتها

   Let R be a ring with identity and Ą a left R-module. In this article, we introduce new generalizations of compressible and prime modules, namely s-compressible module and s-prime module. An R-module A is s-compressible if for any nonzero submodule B of A there exists a small f in Hom_R(A, B). An R-module A is s-prime if for any submodule B of A, ann_R (B) A is small in A. These concepts and related concepts are studied in as well as  many results consist properties and characterizations are obtained.  

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder of the carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism, resulting in increased blood glucose levels. Various complications of diabetes have been described with periodontitis being added as the sixth complication of diabetes mellitus. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) has been identified as major tissue-destructive enzyme in periodontal disease. MMP-8 is released from neutrophils in a latent, inactive pro form and becomes activated during periodontal inflammation by independent and/or combined actions of host-derived inflammatory mediators .C-reactive protein is a systemic marker released during the acute phase of an inflammatory response. Subjects, materials and methods: Total samples

تُعدُّ الإحالة من الروابط المهمة في لسانيات النَّص ولها أثر فعال في ربط أجزاء النص بعضها ببعض واتساقها، وتطلق تسمية العناصر الإحالية على قسم من الألفاظ لا تملك دلالة مستقلة بل تعود على عنصر أو عناصر أخرى مذكورة في أجزاء أخرى من الخطاب فشرط وجودها هو النص وهي تقوم على مبدأ التماثل بين ما سبق ذكره في مقام ما وبين ما هو مذكور بعد ذلك في مقام آخر، ويرى محمد خطابي أنَّ العناصر المحلية كيفما كان نوعها لا تكتفي بذاته

The present article includes an experimental study of the behavior of dry and saturated dense sandy soil under the action of a single impulsive load. Dry and saturated dense sand models were tested under impact loads. Different falling masses from different heights were conducted using the falling weight deflectometer (FWD) to provide the single pulse energy. The responses of dense soils were evaluated at surface of soil under impact load. These responses include; displacements, velocities, and accelerations that are developed due to the impact acting at top and the displacement at different depths within the soil using the falling weight deflectometer (FWD) and accelerometers (ARH-500A waterproof, and low capacity acceleration tran

The study area is located in the eastern part of the Diyala Governorate close to the Iraqi-Iranian border. This study was set to investigate the hydrogeological calculations of northeast of Qazaniyah wells where the groundwater moves in directions of from the northeastern parts towards the southwestern par, that is, the same direction of the topography and the same direction of the tendency of the layers t. The study‘s region is characterized by visible geological layers or those that can be penetrated to a reasonable depth by wells which are sedimentary rocks deposited in continental or semi-continental conditions in the bays. From the study of the hydraulic properties of the two hydrogeological and exemplary systems, the values of tr

The National Charter for Education and Training in 1999 defined the principles, pillars and main objectives of the Moroccan education system, building on the various reforms of the early twenty-first century and the attempt to breathe new life into this reference document. Through partial and incremental changes, a total inability to tackle the root causes of the Moroccan education system and training has been revealed. This research has been conducted to answer the questions of education in the foreground national concerns and priorities in the discourse of the main political actors in Morocco that have been raised and remain interesting and can be expressed in the following question: Morocco still fails to meet the challenge of educati

Increasing Mobile Device on Cloud Technology will dominate the various industries. Cloud has different data storage and data protecting techniques that based on Data User (DU) and industry’s needs. In this paper, an efficient way of managing user data sharing via Mobile Agent (MA) also called Mobile Proxy (MP) is proposed. The role of Mobile Agent Authorize User to collect the data from Cloud like Proxy and supply data to another Client due to this missing of cloud data is not possible. Instead of access data for all clients, the proxy hold required data and share the customer because of this network reliability, Network Bandwidth, User Congestion, Data Security. Also, this proposed scheme have more functionality like Cloud Authen

     This paper is used for solving component Volterra nonlinear systems by means of the combined Sumudu transform with Adomian decomposition process. We equate the numerical results with the exact solutions to demonstrate the high accuracy of the solution results. The results show that the approach is very straightforward and effective.

إن تجسيد الشعراء للجمال واقامته تمثالا مصورا مرئيا ، كان الهدف منه اولا اشاعة جو نفسي مريح في مقدمات قصائد المديح ، فهو الجزء البصري الممتع لمدركات حسية اخرى ترافقه، وأما المرامي  الاخرى 

ﻓﮭﻲ إﻣﺘﺎع اﻟﻨﻔﺲ إﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎع أﺟﻤﻞ ﺻﻮرة أو أﻧﻤﻮذج ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺬاﻛﺮة، وﺟﻌﻠﮫ ﯾﺤﯿﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻟﺪواﻋﻲ اﻟﺤﻨﯿﻦ للاماكن والازمنة الاثيرة . أو الميل للتعبير عن الوعي الجمالي الذي يتصل بموضوع الج

Diffraction patterns formed by a ferronematic sample, which contains 4-(trans-4-n-hexylcyclohexyl)-isothiocyanatobenzene (6CHBT) liquid crystal doped with Fe₃O₄ rodlike magnetic nanoparticles, was studied. The studied mixture can be applicated as a liquid magnetic switch. The diffraction patterns were observed from the micro-lines scribed on the polymer layer, which was contained by the liquid crystal mixture cell, with dimensions of 4 nm for depth and 0.32 µm for width and 5000 line per 1 mm² in the case of absence and presence of the DC magnetic field. From the experimental results, it was observed that the application of the magnetic field caused more than 17% expansion in the diffraction patterns a

Back ground: Dental caries and periodontal disease followed by enamel defect were the most common and widely spread diseases affecting children. Aim of this study is the assessment of the occurrence and severity of dental caries, dental plaque, gingivitis and enamel anomalies among 4-5 years old children in Karbala city-Iraq. Materials and methods: A sample of 658 children (350 males, 308 females) aged four and five years old was selected randomly from the fourteenth kindergartens in Karbala city. Diagnosis and recording of dental caries and enamel anomalies were followed the criteria of WHO 1987, WHO1997 respectively. Dental plaque was assessed using plaque index of Silness and Loe,1964. Gingival health condition was assessed using gingiv

A field experiment was conducted on the form of the Dept. of Field Crop Sci. / College of Agriculture / University of Baghdad in spring and fall seasons of 2009 and 2010 . Ten inbreds of maize were planted and crossed to each other to produce single crosses . In the second season, single crosses were planted along with thin parent to produce three – way and double crosses . In the third seasons panet and crosses were planted . Crosses were selfed to produce F2 seeds and increase seeds of inbreds . In the fourth season, all grin types were planted , and their agronomic traits were evaluated . Values of P of inbreds , F1 and F2 were calculated for agronomic traits . The new formula to predict inbreeding depression ( ID ) F2 plant without gr

Background: The purpose of this study was to verify the influence of post- pressing time of acrylic resin (immediate, 6, 12 and 24 hour) on the dimensional accuracy of denture base whish is a critical factor in the retention and stability of the complete denture that may occur during polymerization shrinkage. Materials and Methods: Forty maxillary stone casts were poured in plastic mold (Columbia Dentoform corp. NEW YORK, type III dental stone (Geastone, Zeus Sri Loc.Tamburine Roccastrada, GR, Italy). The stone casts were randomly assigned into 4 groups of 10 specimens each according to the post-pressing times into (immediate, 6, 12 and 24 h.). Heat cure acrylic resin denture base was constructed according to the previously mentioned pressi

In this study predication of crop coefficient (Kc) values through growing season for cucumber plant was conducted. A field experiment was carried out at AL Yusufiyah Township, in the Governorate of Baghdad, (latitude: 33°09' N, longitude: 44°24' E, and altitude: 34 m) in medium loam soil. The plant was cultivated inside the greenhouse under subsurface trickle irrigation system with soil water retention technology (SWRT) during the growing season 2017. Crop coefficient values were guessed from the direct method of measurements of daily crop evapotranspiration, while reference evapotranspiration was obtained from Agricultural Meteorology Project - Station of Baghdad - Abu-Ghraib.  The obtained results were showed that crop coeffici

We can summarize the main risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by looking at our nutrition, age, and lifestyle. β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance (IR) are outcomes of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. As an indirect result of IR on important metabolic enzymes, lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities are also a factor in T2DM patients. Recent research has indicated that lipid fluctuation may be the cause of poor glucose metabolism as well as one of its effects. Fatty acids (FAs) affect cell membrane fluidity and permeability, insulin receptor binding and signaling, and the translocation of glucose transporters. Therefore, it is suggested that FAs might play a crucial part in the emergence of IR and T2DM. The cu

In this essay, we utilize m - space to specify m_X-N-connected, m_X-N-hyper connected and m_X-N-locally connected spaces and some functions by exploiting the intelligible m_X-N-open set. Some instances and outcomes have been granted to boost our tasks.

يعد هذا النص أحد النصوص المسمارية المصادرة التي بحوزة المتحف العراقي، ويحمل الرقم المتحفي (235869)، قياساته )12،7x 6x 2،5سم). يتضمن مدخولات كميات من الشعير،أرخ النص الى عصر أور الثالثة (2012-2004 ق.م) و يعود الى السنة الثالثة من حكم الملك أبي-سين (2028-2004 ق.م)،أن الشخصية الرئيسة في هذا النص هو)با-اَ-كا مسمن الماشية( من مدينة أري-ساكرك، ومقارنته مع النصوص المسمارية المنشورة التي تعود الى أرشيفه يبلغ عددها (196) نصاً تضمنت نشاطاته م

E-learning applications according to the levels of enlightenment (STEM Literacy) for physics teachers in the secondary stage. The sample consists of (400) teachers, at a rate of (200) males (50%), and (200)females (50%), distributed over (6) directorates of education in Baghdad governorate on both sides of Rusafa and Karkh. To verify the research goals, the researcher built a scale of e-learning applications according to the levels of STEM Literacy, which consists of (50) items distributed over (5) levels. The face validity of the scale and its stability were verified by extracting the stability coefficient through the internal consistency method “Alf-Cronbach”. The following statistical means were used: Pearson correlation coefficient,

The Constitutional Revolution is an important event in the modern history of Iran. It led to major changes in the political system and the education system. In addition  to it, laws were enacted that contributed to increasing the number of students who were unable to learn because of their deteriorating economic situation. The revolution also contributed to opening the way for girls to enter the country.  Schools after that was forbidden due to the opposition of the clergy, as the enemy of female education is contrary to Sharia, and different classes appeared in society calling for the fight against ignorance, the development of learning, the education of girls, and the establishment of modern schools for their education

Background: Nutritional condition was reported as one of the factors affecting the oral health status, particularly among underprivileged groups. Orphans are one of the known high-risk groups. The aims of this study were to assess the nutritional status of orphans, and its impact on the oral health status. Materials and Methods: Five-hundred children aged 6-12 years old, 254 males and 246 females: institutionalized, non-institutionalized orphans and controls were participated in this study. Nutritional status assessed according to body mass index (BMI). Ramfjord index teeth were examined to assess oral cleanliness and gingival condition. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results this study revealed the institutionalized orphans