Back ground: Microbial penetration inside the implant's internal hole creates a bacterial reservoir that is related with an area of inflamed connective tissue opposite the fixture-abutment junction and this can affect the health of the peri-implant tissue. Aims of the study: Evaluate the types aerobic and anaerobic bacterial count-percentage and difference between Aerobic and Anaerobic microflora in the implant screw hole three months after implant placement. Monitor the periodontal health status of all patients, throughout the study. Material and methods: Study methodology; Eight partially edentulous patients received 20 dental implants and these implants done with flapless surgical procedure. All patients examined clinically to determined

في هذا البحث تم تسليط الضوء على انواع معينة من الانتظام  للفضاءات التبولوجية  والذي يقع ضمن دراسة تعميمات بديهيات الفصل. ومن البديهيات المهمة للفصل ما تسمى الانتظام والفضاءات التي تمتلك هذه الخاصية ليست قليلة، وأهم هذه الفضاءات هي الفضاءات الإقليدية. ولذلك فإن حصر هذا المفهوم المهم في الطوبولوجيا يكون ضمن إطار ضيق مما يستلزم استخدام المجموعات المفتوحة المعممة للحصول على المزيد من الخصائص الجيدة والحفاظ ع

Objective: We hypothesized that attacking cancer cells by combining various modes of action can hinder them from taking the chance to evolve resistance to treatment. Incorporation of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with oncolytic virotherapy might be a promising dual approach to cancer treatment. Methods: NDV AMHA1 strain as virotherapy in integration with aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) using low power He-Ne laser as PDT in the existing work was examined against breast cancer cells derived from Iraqi cancer patients named (AMJ13). This combination was evaluated using Chou–Talalay analysis. Results: The results showed an increased killing rate when using both 0.01 and 0.1 Multiplicity of infection (MOI) of the virus when combined with a dose of 617

استعرضت الدراسة أنشطة وفعاليات النخب الإيرانية ودورها المؤثر في بناء مؤسسات الدولة الإيرانية ، وتابعت ذلك في سياق (تمهيد بين مسارات التحديث والإصلاح خلال الثورة الدستورية ، ومبحث ثان كرس المساهمة النخب الوظيفية في قيام الثورة الدستورية، وسلط المبحث الثالث الضوء على دور هذه النخب في بناء مؤسسات الدولة في العهد البهلوي (١٩٢٥) ۱۹۲۹) ، واختتمت بعرض الاستنتاجات والمقترحات والتوصيات

This research aims to understand the main problems and family
commitments faced by working women, and make proposals that would stop or
lessen them, the researcher made questionnaire , applied on a sample of (20)
university female teachers, the study showed that the main problems in respect to
their importance as: Anxiety of leaving children at home alone, the weak role of the
nurseries and kindergartens in taking care of the children, relative large number of
children per family which would lead to more commitments, and the unavailability
of convenient working arrangement for working mothers.

The main objectives of this study are to study the enhancement of the load-carrying capacity of Asymmetrical castellated beams with encasement the beams by Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) and lacing reinforcement, the effect of the gap between top and bottom parts of Asymmetrical castellated steel beam at web post, and serviceability of the confined Asymmetrical castellated steel. This study presents two concentrated loads test results for four specimens Asymmetrical castellated beams section encasement by Reactive powder concrete (RPC) with laced reinforcement. The encasement of the Asymmetrical castellated steel beam consists of, flanges unstiffened element height was filled with RPC for each side and laced reinforced which are use

تناول البحث دراسة خمسة نصوص مسمارية لقروض غير منشورة من سلالة أور الثالثة وتحليلها وترجمتها وهي من مجموعة المتحف العراقي, يعود تاريخها الى زمن سلالة أور الثالثة (2012-2004ق.م) تحديدا الى زمن الملكين شوسين (2037- 2029ق.م) وابي سين (2028-2004 ق.م), اما مضامينها فهي قروض بمادتي الشعير(ثلاثة نصوص) الفضة (نصان), والقروض على نوعين قروض بفائدة (ur5 - ra), وقروض بدون فائدة (maš2 - nu - tuk), وقد حددت نسبة الفائدة في القروض 1/3 33% لمادة الشعير و20% لما

تتحدد مشكلة البحث بدراسة أهم الدوافع التي يمتلكها معلمي التربية الرياضية في المدارس الابتدائية نحو الدرس ومدى تأثير متغيرات الجنس أو الخبرة التدريسية عليها.

وللتحقق من المشكلة أستخدم المنهج الوصفي حيث اختيرت عينه من معلمي التربية الرياضية ممن يدرسون في الكلية التربوية المفتوحة بلغ عددها (20 ) معلمه و (40 ) معلم حيث وزعت عليهم استمارة ألاستبيان التي تحتوي على عشرون سؤالاً يمثل كلاً منها اتجاهاً ايجابياً أ

      Cloud computing is an interesting technology that allows customers to have convenient, on-demand network connectivity based on their needs with minimal maintenance and contact between cloud providers. The issue of security has arisen as a serious concern, particularly in the case of cloud computing, where data is stored and accessible via the Internet from a third-party storage system. It is critical to ensure that data is only accessible to the appropriate individuals and that it is not stored in third-party locations. Because third-party services frequently make backup copies of uploaded data for security reasons, removing the data the owner submits does not guarantee the removal of the data from the cloud. Cloud data storag

Modern international connectivity makes international cooperation essential for medical progress specifically in specialised medicine areas like haematology and oncology. Healthcare problems become more manageable when countries unite their expert knowledge with resources and creative solutions to achieve better patient results worldwide. The University of Baghdad should establish partnerships with UK healthcare organisations to address national healthcare deficiencies as they create mutual educational programs.

The systematic collaboration between UK and Iraqi healthcare institutions shows potential to transform blood-related care services. This research illustrates that multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) as well as direct partnershi

Background: The alveolar process, also called the alveolar bone, is a thickened ridge that contains the tooth sockets (dental alveoli) on the jaw bones that hold the teeth. After tooth extraction, several changes can occur in the alveolar process that may prevent or delay prosthodontic or other dental treatments. Recently, the Bovine-bone graft has been proposed to be applied in fresh extraction sockets to minimize the reduction in ridge volume. In recent experimental studies, Royal jelly has been shown to have antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory properties, resulting in vascular dilatation and increased cell proliferation and differentiation.

Objective: To evaluate the ef

Background: Coronary artery disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Troponin is released into blood from patients with reversible myocardial ischemia. Stromelysin-2 is also involved in the development and progression of atherosclerosis by tissue remodeling and degradation of extracellular matrix proteins.
Objectives: To investigate the role of serum high-sensitive cardiac troponin I (hs-cTn I) and Stromelysin-2 (Str-2) in the diagnosis and determination of the severity of coronary artery obstruction.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 125 subjects undergoing coronary angiography for suspicion of coronary artery disease in Baghdad Teaching Hospital/ Medi

Background: Alterations in the levels of beta-endorphins and serotonin are heavily involved in the mood dysregulation regularly observed in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder, with lower levels of these neurotransmitters contributing to mood disturbances commonly seen in addiction. Such neurochemical imbalances may also disrupt normal mood regulation pathways, leading to the emotional and psychological challenges often experienced by individuals struggling with addiction.
Objective: To investigate the relationship between beta-endorphin and serotonin levels in individuals with methamphetamine addiction, and to evaluate their potential roles in mood regulation and addiction-related behavio

Background: Virulence genes in dermatophytes have been a major focus of research in recent years. These fungi have a unique ability to degrade keratin, an essential structural protein in human skin, using protease enzymes. These enzymes play a crucial role in the development and spread of infections.
Objectives: To assess the impact of UV radiation on the expression of subtilisin virulence genes in Trichophyton indotineae isolates obtained from patients in Baghdad, Iraq.
Materials: Seven T. indotineae isolates were analyzed in this study, and their proteolytic activity was qualitatively assessed using skim milk agar. The isolate displaying the largest clearanc

Background: Lung cancer is the predominant cause of cancer-related mortality globally, accounting for 18.4% of all cancer fatalities, leading to significant economic loss and societal hardship. EBV was identified in 1964 as the premiere human oncogenic virus; it currently contributes to over 200,000 cancer cases annually and around 1.8% of all cancer-related deaths globally. The KRAS gene belongs to the family of rat sarcoma viral oncogenes (RAS), it was identified in lung cancer located on the short arm of chromosome 12 (12p11.1–12p12.1) in 1982.

Objectives:  The study aims to analyze the complex molecular interactions among Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) IgG seropositivity, KRAS mutation-induced im

Background: The loss of functioning melanocytes in the skin causes vitiligo, an acquired autoimmune condition that manifests as big, white, unsightly patches on the skin. Melanocyte loss is caused by several reasons, including oxidative stress, inflammation, autoimmune, and metabolic problems, while the exact etiopathology of the condition remains unknown. There is a relationship between vitiligo, thyroid hormones, and cortisol levels.
Objective: The study aims to measure cortisol hormone levels in the serum of vitiligo patients and examine the thyroid hormones (T3, T4, and TSH).
Methods: In this case-control study, 80 vitiligo patients diagnosed between November 2023 and Febru

Background: Preeclampsia (PE) is a condition that is specific to pregnancy and has a substantial impact on the morbidity and mortality of the mother and the fetus worldwide. Currently, various markers may serve as possible predictors or markers for illness severity.

Objectives: The present study aimed to identify and evaluate the key clinical indicators differentiating preeclampsia with and without severe features.
Methods: The research included 90 pregnant Iraqi women who manifested preeclampsia subsequent to 24 weeks of gestation and were selected from Al-Elwiya Teaching Hospital for Maternity between April and June 2024. The patients were categorized into two groups: 45 wi

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is the primary ocular outcome of diabetes mellitus, a serious disease that significantly impacts global health. Microvascular complications arise from damage to small blood vessels, including retinopathy, nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, and neuropathy. Inconsistent findings exist in epidemiological research that specifically examines lipid levels and diabetic retinopathy. The small, dense Low-Density Lipoprotein particles are a specific subset of Low-Density Lipoprotein that possesses several pro-atherogenic characteristics.
Objectives: to evaluate the usefulness of serum small dense low-density lipoprotein level as a biomarker for predicting patients with type II diabe

Background: Hair follicle degradation characterizes androgenic alopecia (AGA). Deterioration shortens anagen and lengthens telogen, turning terminal hairs into vellus hairs. Males and females have this prevalent sickness. Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant Syzygium aromaticum may treat it.
Objectives: To investigate Syzygium aromaticum as a hair growth booster in testosterone-induced alopecia as an alternative to allopathic treatments with fewer side effects.
Methods: A controlled experimental animal study at College of Pharmacy/ University of Baghdad was conducted from November 2022 to December 2024. Male BALB/c mice weighing 25–30 grams and

Background: Cancer is the greatest cause of death worldwide. To treat cancer effectively, radiation must maximize cytotoxicity against tumor cells while limiting injury to healthy cells. Nanotechnology and biomedical technologies can help improve cancer detection and treatment, but they also create challenges.
Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of gold nanoparticles (25%, 50%, 100%) exposed to different doses of gamma radiation (200Gy, 400Gy, 600Gy) on breast cancer cells in women and comparison with normal cells.
Method: For 24 and 48 hours, breast cancer and normal breast cells were treated to 25%, 50%, and 100% gold n

Background: preventive analgesia using opioids has been the cornerstone in relieving postoperative pain. However, it carries undesirable side effect. The recent approach is to use other modalities instead. A lot of studies and researches have been done to evaluate ketorolac and Nefopam efficacy, duration of  pain relief and their side effects.
Objectives: prospective study to evaluate the efficacy and duration action of ketorolac 30mg and nefopam 20mg in relieving postoperative pain in comparison to Pethidine 50mg in obstetric patients after cesarean section under general anesthesia.
Methods: 120 patients included in this study. They were randomly divided in 3 groups. All rece

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory illness. A complication of Rheumatoid arthritis is mainly linked to the risk of cardiovascular disease. High body weight has been implicated as a perilous risk factor for the development of Rheumatoid arthritis. Neopterin is secreted by monocytes and macrophages and is highly secreted from the coronary plaque. Moreover, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein is a biochemical analysis applied to quantify C-reactive protein with high sensitivity.
Objectives: To evaluate serum Neopterin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in patients with rheumatoid arthritis to predict the risk of coronary artery disease. In addition, a correlation between neopterin

The aim of this study was extraction of jojoba oil using different solvents. A mixture of waterhexane and water-ethanol are used as solvents to extract jojoba oil in a batch extraction process and compared with a pure solvent extraction process. The effects of particle size of crushed seeds, solvent-to-water ratio and time on jojoba oil extraction were investigated. The best recovery of oil was obtained at the boiling temperature of the solvent and four hour of extraction time. When seed particle size was 0.45 mm and a pure ethanol was used (45% yield of oil extraction), whereas, it was 40% yield of oil at 25% water-hexane mixture. It was revealed that the water-ethanol and water-hexane mixtures have an effect on the oil extraction yield. T

Light naphtha one of the products from distillation column in oil refineries used as feedstock for gasoline production. The major constituents of light naphtha are (Normal Paraffin, Isoparaffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic). In this paper, we used zeolite (5A) with uniform pores size (5Aº) to separate normal paraffin from light naphtha, due to suitable pore size for this process and compare the behavior of adsorption with activated carbon which has a wide range of pores size (micropores and mesopores) and high surface area. The process is done in a continuous system - Fixed bed reactor- at the vapor phase with the constant conditions of flow rate 5 ml/min, temperature 180^oC, pressure 1.6 bar and 100-gram weight o

Since the introduction of the HTTP/3, research has focused on evaluating its influences on the existing adaptive streaming over HTTP (HAS). Among these research, due to irrelevant transport protocols, the cross-protocol unfairness between the HAS over HTTP/3 (HAS/3) and HAS over HTTP/2 (HAS/2) has caught considerable attention. It has been found that the HAS/3 clients tend to request higher bitrates than the HAS/2 clients because the transport QUIC obtains higher bandwidth for its HAS/3 clients than the TCP for its HAS/2 clients. As the problem originates from the transport layer, it is likely that the server-based unfairness solutions can help the clients overcome such a problem. Therefore, in this paper, an experimental study of the se

كان لسياسات االحتالل دور بارز في فشل مشروع إعادة بناء الدولة في افغانستان، وفي الوقت نفسه تتحمل دول االحتالل المسؤ و لية الكاملة عن بعض هذه ً كبي ارً السياسات مثل عدم التخطيط الجيد لمرحلة االحتالل وإعادة بناء الدول ة، ثم إن جزءا من فشل هذه السياسات يرجع الى البيئتين المحلية واإلقليمية ، كذلك كان للخبرة السياسية والدستورية وللواقع االجتماعي الثقافي األفغاني تأثيرهما المهم في قدرة المجتمع األفغاني ً على قبول

يسعى هذه البحث لتسليط الضوء على مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي التي تعمل على تأطير عملية التواصل بين فئات المجتمع الكبير و صناعة رأي عام متفاعل. فالرأي العام يمكن أن يظهر للعيان في أبسط معاينه على شكل وحدات متفاعلة و ظاهرة التفاعل لها أوجهها المتعددة. إذن الرأي العام هو عناصر و مقويات و نتائج عملية التفاعل. ويعد البحث وصفيا من حيث النوع وقد استعمل الباحث المنهج المسحي لدراسة مجتمع البحث بوساطة الاستبانة. وأجر

Air-conditioning systems (ACs) are essential in hot and humid climates to ensure acceptable ambient air quality as well as thermal comfort for buildings users. It is essential to improve refrigeration system performance without increasing the effects of global warming potential (GWP) and ozone depletion potential (ODP). The main objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of an air conditioning system that operates with a liquid suction heat exchanger (LSHX) through implementing refrigerants with zero OPD and low GWP (i.e., R134a and R1234yf). Liquid suction heat exchanger (LSHX) was added to an automobile air conditioning system (AACS).When Liquid suction heat exchanger was added to the cycle, primary results indicated t

European Chemical Bulletin (ISSN 2063-5346) is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes original research papers, short communications, and review articles in all areas of chemistry. European Chemical Bulletin has eight sections, namely