Let R be a commutative ring with unity and an R-submodule N is called semimaximal if and only if

 the sufficient conditions of F-submodules to be semimaximal .Also the concepts of (simple , semisimple) F- submodules and quotient F- modules are  introduced and given some  properties .

In this article, the notions  are introduced by using soft ideal and soft semi-open sets, which are - - - -closed sets " -closed" where many of the properties of these sets are clarified. Some games by using soft- -semi, soft separation axioms: like ( ₀   ( ₀  Using many figures and proposition to study the relationships among these kinds of games with some examples are explained.

     Detection moving car in front view is difficult operation because of the dynamic background due to the movement of moving car and the complex environment that surround the car, to solve that, this paper proposed new method based on linear equation to determine the region of interest by building more effective background model to deal with dynamic background scenes. This method exploited the permitted region between cars according to traffic law to determine the region (road) that in front the moving car which the moving cars move on. The experimental results show that the proposed method can define the region that represents the lane in front of moving car successfully with precision over 94%and detection rate 86

The Films of CdTe:Zn were prepared on a glass by using vacuum vapor deposition technique .The x-ray diffraction pattern revealed that the films have polycrystalline with FCC structure and the preferred orientation was along (111) plane.  The films were exposed to a low dose of gamma ray.(5µCi for 30 days) Transmission and absorptance spectra were recorded in the range of (400-1100) nm before and after irradiation. It was found that irradiation has a clear effect on the optical and structural properties which include the transmition and absorption spectra, extinction coefficient, refractive index, and the energy gap.

 Ethanolic extracts of Thyme (Thymbra spicata) were tested for their inhibitory action on Paenibacillus larvae the causative agent of American foul brood with different concentration by using disc assay and mixed with culture media . Results showd that 3000mg / disc and 3000 mg / ml was the effective concentroation for the both methods .Thymol was isolated by using TLC technique . The effective concentration of thymol on growth of bacteria was 1000 mg / disc .          Thymol and crude extracts of thyme 3000 mg / ml were tested on infected hives by mixed with sugar  solution . The symptoms of AFB disease was full disappearance within 21 , 27 days after treatment with thymol and thyme

Let M be an R-module, where R is a commutative ring with unity. A submodule N of M is called e-small (denoted by N e  M) if N + K = M, where K e  M implies K = M. We give many properties related with this type of submodules.

 In this paper, we introduce and study the concept of a new class of generalized closed set which is called generalized b*-closed set in topological spaces ( briefly .g b*-closed) we study also. some of its  basic properties and investigate the relations between the associated topology. 

تفاقمت عدة ظواهر اجتماعية سيئة في المجتمع المصري، تمثلت هذه الظواهر في استحواذ الكهنة على الثروة والسلطة وفساد القضاء وانتشار الفساد الإداري والرشوة وإضرابات العمال، وسرقات المقابر كل هذه الأمور تدل على انحطاط المستوى الأخلاقي للكثير من أفراد المجتمع والتي كانت من العوامل المهمة لسقوط الامبراطورية المصرية ويتناول هذا البحث موضوع تأثير العوامل الاجتماعية والاقتصادية وأثرا في سقوط الامبراطورية المصرية

The ever-increasing heat dissipation requirements of modern high-performance electronics critically demand advanced cooling techniques beyond conventional fluids. Nanofluids have emerged as a next-generation solution for enhanced boiling heat transfer. This study experimentally investigates the pool boiling performance of mono- and hybrid nanofluids at a low volume concentration of 0.01% on a smooth copper surface under saturated conditions using deionized water (DIW) as the base fluid. Three mono nanofluids (Al₂O₃/DIW, Ag/DIW, and GNPs/DIW) and three compositions of hybrid nanofluids with a constant mixing ratio of 50:50 (Al₂O₃-Ag/DIW, Al₂O₃-GNPs/DIW, and Ag-GNPs/DIW) were prepared. The critical heat flux (C

The present study aimed to study the effect of adding Iraqi rice bran protein isolate, Amber 33 variety, at different ratios (100, 200, 300) mg to manufactured yogurt to extend its storage life, in addition to the two control treatments Yc- without any addition and Yc+ to which the industrial antioxidant BHT was added at a concentration of 200 mg. The results showed no significant differences in pH values ​​between all treatments immediately after manufacturing, and a decrease in pH values ​​was observed with increasing storage period. The results also showed that the PV and ADV values ​​were close immediately after manufacturing, and these values ​​increased with increasing storage period. The total bacterial cou

The experiment was conducted at the Khairat Al-Ittihad station located in the Al-Shumali district of Babil Governorate from January 1, 2024, to June 20, 2024, to assess the impact of certain hormonal treatments on the reproductive efficiency parameters of Awassi and Naimi ewes Including local production and required 2-3 lambs per year from the ewe to load. Twenty-four Awassi sheep and twenty-four Naimi sheep were selected and divided into eight groups, with six sheep in each group (four groups of Awassi sheep and four groups of Naimi sheep). Results showed a significant effect of time (period) of protocols or sponges for 9 days and after removal, 125 micrograms of Prostaglandin

كان نظام أو جهاز الاستخبارات اهمية كبيرة في العصر الآشوري الحديث (911-612 ق.م) وكانت منتشرة في جميع أنحاء الامبراطورية الآشورية وفي مدن الاعداء، وكان يطلق عليهم اسم المستطلعين أو الجنود المستكشفين أو قناصة الاستطلاع. وهؤلاء موزعين في مناطق الأعداء وكان يرأس الاستخبارات الآشورية ملك أو حاكم إحدى المقاطعات أو ممثلو عن الملك وكانوا دائماً على اتصال مع قادة الجيش لتلقي الاوامر والتعليمات وقد استخدموا في حالة الحر

يتناول هذا البحث ( البدايات الاولى للتحنيط في الحضارة المصرية القديمة (2686-4000) ( ق .م  اذ ارتبط  بعقيدة البعث والخلود لدى المصريين القدامى ، إذ شكّل الحفاظ على جسد المتوفى ركناً أساسياً في الطقوس الجنائزية والمعتقدات الدينية.

وقد اعتمد البحث على المنهج التاريخي التحليلي من خلال دراسة النصوص التاريخية والمصادر الأثرية المتعلقة بالتحنيط، إلى جانب الاستفادة من الدراسات الحديثة التي ت

         In this study, GNPs and GNRs were prepared using the chemical method. The characterization technique used scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible spectroscopy, and zeta potential XRD (X-ray diffraction). The GNP results were (16.75-26.5) nm, (525) nm, (26.91 -) mV respectively, while the GNR results were (23.24 - 51.96) nm, (528 and 775) nm, and (39.96) mV respectively. The XRD results showed the spectrum at the peaks (38.03°, 45.09°, and 65.62°). The biological activity was also studied against the group of gram-positive and negative bacteria: (E. coli، Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. typhmurium, Klebsiella pneu

Steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) can enhance post-cracking tensile resistance through fiber bridging across cracks; however, the torsional contribution of fibers is still not explicitly addressed in most design provisions. This study develops a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element (FE) model in ABAQUS to evaluate the response of SFRC beams subjected to pure torsion. The concrete response was simulated using the Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) model, while the tensile softening behavior of SFRC was represented using stress–crack opening displacement relationships derived from experimental material characterization data. The FE model was validated against two independent experimental programs reported in the

          تُعد مملكة آمورو من الممالك المهمة في بلاد سورية خلال الألف الثاني قبل الميلاد، تميّزت بموقعها كمنطقة عازلة بين النفوذ المصري والحيثي، مما فرض عليها إتباع سياسة مرنة، اعتمد ملوكها على التحالفات المتغيرة والمناورة الدبلوماسية للحفاظ على بقائهم، بدأ هذا النهج منذ عهد الملك "عبدي_أشيري" أول ملوك آمورو واستمر مع أبنه الملك عزيرو وصولًا إلى الملك "شاوش_جاموا"، استفادت آمورو من فترا

يعد ثيمستوكليس احد ابرز الزعماء اليونانيين، تولى قيادة اثينا في اخطر دور من تاريخها ، وتمكن بفضل حنكته السياسية ومهارته القيادية من إرساء دعائم نهضتها البحرية التي لم تنقذ أثينا فحسب بل انقذت وحدة بلاد اليونان ككل من الخطر الاخميني ، ونال بفضل انتصاره في معركة سلاميس شهرة كبيرة في انحاء البلاد حتى انه لقب بالبطل القومي ومنقذ أثينا .

وجدت الطبقة الارستقراطية في بطوله ثيمستوكليس وبرنامجه السياسي خطراً ي

تعد السوابق التصريفية في اللغة السومرية من الأدوات التي تميز عبارة الفعل الكامل وتتنوع الأدوات حسب حاجة الجملة لها وقد تجتمع اكثر من اداتين تصريفيتين في عبارة فعلية لا سيما السابقة i3  التي اما ان تجتمع مع ba  بالشكل i3-ba والتي تظهر بالشكل الصوتي  imma  او مع bi2 بالشكل i3-bi2 التي تتحول الى immi ، لهذا اعطى الباحثون لهاتين الاداتين   تفسيرات مختلفة ابتعدت عن السابقتينi3-ba او i3-bi2 ، الا انهما في الحقيقة اصل ا

The application of nanomaterials and composites in the field of treating water pollution with dyes has begun to take an important place in scientific research with the great development of the industrial sector. Therefore, this study aimed to prepare two composites of graphite and nano titanium dioxide (G2T1,G2T2) using different chemical methods. The active groups, graphite oxidation, and the ratio of the elements composing the composites were diagnosed using several techniques (Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction and Energy disperse X-ray spectroscopy). The composites (G2T1, G2T2) were applied in the field of adsorption of Congo red dye (CR) from aqueous solutions using a continuous method, where the amount of CR dye

يتناول هذا الموضوع البدايات الاولى لنشأة  الفن في المجتمعات البدائية، والتي حاولت الحفاظ على الاستمرارية من اجل البقاء فأتخذته  الوسيلة لتحقيق ذلك . الا انه تطور مع تطور  الانسان وتعدد حاجاته الروحية والجمالية فالانسان لم يكتف بصناعة ادواته لاغراض نفعية بل على على تزينها بالألوان والزخارف المختلفة . لاشباع ولارضاء عينه ، ومن هنا نشأة غريزة الجمال للانسان ، وبذلك فان الفن يعد عنصراً اساسياً في تكوين

  A biological experiment was conducted to study the effect of different concentrations of gibberellic acid and urea fertilizer and their interactions in some characteristic related to green growth of fenugreek plant (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) in the green house of Department of Biology in College of Education (Ibn­al­Haitham)/Baghdad University for the growth season (2008­2009) in pots of (5 kgm) soil per pot, and four concentrations of gibberellic acid were used, they are (0,25,50,100) ppm, these concentrations were sprayed after the perfection of  the  fourth leaf for the plant. Moreover, three levels of urea fertilizer were used, they were (0.25, 0.50, 1.00) gm/pot. These concentrations were added as two p

Received: 2026 / 03 / 18
Revision: 2026 / 04 / 03
Accepted: 2026 / 04 / 06
Published: 2026 / 09 / 30

يستعرض هذا البحث نشأة الدكتور خلف الميري وتكوين هويته الاجتماعية وبنيته العلمية والمعرفية، من خلال دراسة حياته ونشأته، ويركز البحث على مراحل التعليم الأولي والثانوي ومرحلة البكالوريوس، كما يركز على تعليمه خلال مرحلتي الماجستير والدكتوراه، مع تسليط الضوء على تطوير البنية المعرفية لخلف الميري.

Received: 2026 / 01 / 11
Revision: 2026 / 02 / 05
Accepted: 2026 / 02 / 23
Published: 2026 / 09 / 30

تكتسب الموانئ العراقية المحيطة بخور عبد الله أهميتها من كونها المنفذ البحري الرئيس للعراق على الخليج العربي، في ظل محدودية سواحله البحرية. وقد أدّت هذه الموانئ دوراً محورياً في تنشيط حركة التجارة الخارجية، إذ تمرّ عبرها الصادرات النفطية والسلع التجارية والمواد الأساسية اللازمة لدعم الاقتصاد الوطني. كما أسهم موقعها الجغرافي ضمن ممر م

his study aimed to investigate the usability of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) in warm mix asphalt (WMA) as the implementation of sustainable construction technology. Five replacement rates (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) were tested for the coarse fraction of virgin aggregate (VA) with 3 types of RCA: untreated RCA, HL-treated RCA, and HCL-treated RCA. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed to investigate the surface morphology for both treated and untreated RCA. The optimum asphalt cement content for every substitution rate was determined using Marshall mix design method. Thereafter, asphalt concrete specimens were prepared using the optimum asphalt cement content, followed by the evaluation of their performance prope

This study was aimed to produce bacteriocin  from Bacillus. licheniformis  isolated from local soil of corn and sunflower  fields and using  as  antimicrobial agent . Fourteen  of  local  isolates  of Bacillus sp. were obtained and  ability of these  isolates  for growth on Brain heart infusion agar (BHI) at 55⁰C were tested. Isolate C4   was revealed  high  growth density in comparison with other isolates.  Isolate C4 was identified as Bacillus licheniformis according to  morphological, cultural and biochemical tests, Moreover genetic analysis  for 16S rRNA gene an

Objective: The aim of this study was to formulate and in vitro evaluate fast dissolving oral film of practically insoluble bromocriptine mesylate to enhance its solubility and to improve its oral bioavailability by avoiding first pass effect as well as to produce an immediate release action of the drug from the film for an efficient management of diabetes mellitus type II in addition to an improvement of the patient compliance to this patient- friendly dosage form. Methods: The films were prepared by the solvent casting method using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose of grades (E3, E5, E15), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), pectin and gelatin as film-forming polymers in addition to polyethene glycol 400 (PEG400), propylene glycol (PG) and glycerin were

A new series of schiff base and aminothiadiazole derivatives of N- substituted phthalimide (I-VI) were synthesized. In this work, the intermediate 4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)benzaldehyde compound (I), was formed by reaction of 4-amino benzaldehyde with phthalic anhydride in glacial acetic acid(GAA). A series of Schiff bases (IV-VI) was prepared by the reaction of benzidine with compound (I) in ethanol and presence of GAA as a catalyst to form compound (IV) which react with compound (I) and p-nitro benzyldehyde to give compound (V) and (VI) respectively. A new phthalimide thiosemi-carbazone derivative (ll) was prepared by reaction of compound (l) with thiosemi-carbazide HCl in the presence of equimolar amount of sodium acetate. Fina