The letters are exposed in some texts of the classical Arabic language (poetry or prose), or in some of the Qur’anic texts, which are the main sources that were adopted on the day when provisions, rules and linguistic controls were established. I say that some of these letters are exposed in some contexts to deletion, mention, or change in the structure and shape of the letter. As for the omission, it is one of the aspects that distinguished Arabic, as well as other languages, for many purposes that differ among their user.

Genetic factors are  associated  with  the  immunogenicity  of  coronavirus  disease  2019  (COVID-19).  This  association  reaches  the  level  of  cellular  processes  such  as  autophagy,  ferroptosis,  and  pyroptosis,  correlating  with  increased  activity  of  the  Nod-like  receptor  family,  pyrin  domain  containing  3  (NLRP3)  inflammasome.  The  present  study  focuses  on  exploring  the  linkage  between  severe  COVID-19,  CCL20  chemokines,  and  NLRP3  gene  variants  in  an  Iraqi  sample.  A  case-control  study  enrolled  99  COVID-19  patients  and  96  controls  and  measured  CCL20  levels,  disease  severity,  blood  biomarkers,  and 

The best proximity point generalization of fixed point that is beneficial when the contraction map is not a self-map. The aim of this paper is to introduce new types of proximal contraction for cyclic mapping in strong ḇ-metric space that. Let  be complete strong ḇ-metric space and let  be two nonempty closed subsets of . Take the cyclic mapping  . If  is satisfies following condition   for all and , where  then  is Kannan cyclic, if  is satisfies following condition  for all  and , where  then  is Ćirić cyclic, if  is satisfies following condition  for all  and , where  Meir-Keeler mapping then  is Meir-Keeler -Kannan-Ghatterjee. The exi

The design and production of four-blade vertical turbines for wind power are the subjects of this study. One kind of wind turbine with a vertical axis that is used to generate electricity is the giromill wind turbine. The turbine comprises a primary shaft that rotates and four straight airfoils that depict the blades. The airfoil, main shaft, and bearing of all necessary wind turbine components were developed for the Iraqi exterior highways in this study. Included in the power calculations are torque, TSR, power factor, and wind speed. After the blades are made, all the pieces are assembled from steel, aluminum, and wood components. Ultimately, testing revealed that the turbine was operating very efficiently.

This study investigates the impact of spatial resolution enhancement on supervised classification accuracy using Landsat 9 satellite imagery, achieved through pan-sharpening techniques leveraging Sentinel-2 data. Various methods were employed to synthesize a panchromatic (PAN) band from Sentinel-2 data, including dimension reduction algorithms and weighted averages based on correlation coefficients and standard deviation. Three pan-sharpening algorithms (Gram-Schmidt, Principal Components Analysis, Nearest Neighbour Diffusion) were employed, and their efficacy was assessed using seven fidelity criteria. Classification tasks were performed utilizing Support Vector Machine and Maximum Likelihood algorithms. Results reveal that specific syn

A point that stays unchanged during a transformation is known as a fixed point(Fp). Such points play an important part in several mathematical domains. Applying Fp theory approaches allows for the efficient derivation of suitable solutions for operator equations that describe phenomena in several nonlinear scientific disciplines. The goal of solving these equations is to identify the Fp and its approximation. In this paper, a new iteration process is provided to approximate common fixed points (CFp) for non-expansive mapping (Non-exp map). Some convergence theorems have been established and the results obtained are confirmed with examples and tables. A numerical example is given to demonstrate that a novel process converges more rapidly

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with increased oxidative stress and impaired endothelial function. Ticagrelor treatment improves antioxidant properties in addition to its antiplatelet effects. This study investigated the impact of Ticagrelor treatment on serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels and other biochemical parameters in PAD patients. It also evaluated the potential diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of specific biomarkers based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Seventy individuals were categorized into healthy control (n=40), baseline PAD patients not on Ticagrelor (B-PAD, n=30), and same PAD patients after treated with Ticagrelor (A-PAD, n=30). Parameters measured included SOD concentratio

The research aims: to build a measure of the cognitive competence of coaches from the point of view of players of Iraqi Premier League volleyball clubs and extract scores and standard levels for it. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the descriptive method was used using the survey method. As for the research sample, it was chosen intentionally, and was represented by volleyball players for the Premier League 2024-2025. The sample was divided into exploratory, constructive, and standardizing, and starting the construction procedures, which included finding the scientific foundations for the scale, in addition to extracting the modified standard score and levels for the sample of the main experiment for standardization. Amou

This day, we see the Significant role that social media platforms play, it plays a vital role in shaping the Social, political, and economic awareness of individuals. The Iraqi Society, which is experiencing rapid cultural and social transformations, is considered a fertile ground for social media and its influences, whether negative or positive. Research and studies indicate that the negative use of social media will lead to weaking of the sense of belonging and citizenship among members of Iraqi society. This, in turn, threatens moral and educational values, increases feelings of family estrangement, and leads to social isolation. On the contrary, if social is used correctly, it can significantly contribute to enhancing educational values

The performance of PV modules, which is evaluated under standard test conditions, rarely meets actual outdoor conditions due to the fluctuations of PV output readings. The present work investigates the behavior of performance parameters of three PV technologies, namely mono-crystalline, poly-crystalline, and amorphous, under variation of environmental factors (ambient temperature Ta, relative humidity R.H., and solar irradiance G) in the four seasons on clear sky days during the year 2021. The performance parameters include open circuit voltage Voc, short circuit current density Jsc, ideal output power density PD, and ideal efficiency ηo. The study employed the first-designed I-V logger as a prototype for data collection at the Helwan s

     With a small radio telescope in a high-noise area, this paper measured the Milky Way's rotation curve using the Tangent Point Method, by the Baghdad University Radio Telescope (BURT). It is placed on the Department of Astronomy and Space roof, and observes a 21-cm HI emission line, scanning the galaxy's first quadrant systematically. From 0° to 90° galactic longitude, by increasing 5°, the telescope identifies the highest recession velocity, corresponding to clouds orbiting tangent to the line of observation. The rotation curve, plotting galactic rotational velocity against distance from the centre, is anticipated to be flat, indicative of uniform mass distribution. However, observed deviations challenge this expectation, rev

Perhaps it is of paramount importance for researchers to present grammatical topics with a uniqueness that distinguishes them from everything else that may overlap with them, and a specificity that distances them from much of what may be thought to be similar to them or similar to them. The subject pronoun is one of these topics that should be considered. Due to the uniqueness of this pronoun among the rest of the family of pronouns, with features and adverbs that deserve research and study, and then analysis and treatment; Because of its scientific value, it goes hand in hand with other pronouns. This topic would not have drawn my attention or received much of it had it not raised some fundamental questions, including, f

Meaning letters in Arabic are characterized by the diversity and abundance of their linguistic material, and are also distinguished by their large number and types, to the point that some of them have reached a hundred letters confined to five categories

The present study aims to isolate and identify ectoparasites, specifically hard ticks, that infest both domestic and wild rabbits. This research is motivated by the heightened sensitivity of rabbits to infestations by hard ticks, which are recognized as the primary vectors of certain blood-borne diseases, particularly Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VHF). The study areas were spread across five provinces in Iraq: Baghdad, Karbala, Wasit, Mosul, and Al-Anbar. A total of 85 hard ticks (42 male and 43 female) were infested by 57 rabbits (Leporidae Family), including 19 wild rabbits (hare) with an infestation rate of 100% and 38 domestic rabbits with an infestation rate of 18.42%. Total of infestation was 45.61%. The current results are the occurre

The study involved seven Iraqi date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars propagated through tissue culture (TC) and two cultivars propagated by offshoots (Offs). The internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) was used as the marker for investigation. In an effort to institute genetic relations between various date palm cultivars and uncover their molecular evolution, trees were constructed using the ''neighbor-joining''  (NJ) and ''maximum parsimony'' (MP) approaches. The variation in GC content in the ITS1 region was recorded at 52–53%. The data suggests that transitions have a lower frequency compared to transversions in this region, where the overall bias R for transition/transversion h

In this work, nine new cyclic imides 10-18 were synthesized starting with 4-aminoacetophenone and heterocyclic amines (2-aminothiazole, 4-aminopyridine, and 4-aminoantipyrine). The first step included a condensation between 4-aminoacetophenone and heterocyclic amines to afford the corresponding imines 1-3 in 82-90% yields. These imines (1-3) were then treated with phthalic and maleic anhydrides to give heterocyclic iminophthalamic and maleamic acids 4-9, which were dehydrated using fusion conditions to provide the desired phthalimides and maleimides (10-15) in yields ran

Colorectal cancer is a malignant condition that can arise from multiple causative factors. It ranks second, behind lung cancer, as a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Extensive research has been conducted to unravel the genetic underpinnings and molecular mechanisms underlying the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, epigenetic modifications of histones at the DNA level have become significantly involved in several malignant diseases such as CRC. Hence, this research sought to assess, for the first time locally, the immunoexpression of HDAC-1 and 3 in a group of colorectal patients. Additionally, we explored potential correlations between the expression of HDAC-1, 3 and VEGF. This retrospective study encompass

Trogoderma granarium Everts 1898, commonly known as the khapra beetle, is a widespread pest species affecting stored grains. Samples of this pest were collected from different geographical regions across four governorates in Iraq, namely Mosul, Salahdin, Dhi Qar, and two regions within Baghdad (Latifiya and Jamila). The current study provides a detailed description of T. granarium about the morphological characteristics of the three body regions and their appendages that studied and supported by illustrations. Due to the morphological similarity between this species and many closely related species, accurate identification is challenging, particularly when the stored materials are contaminated with insect remains. There

 In this article, we explore a specific subclass of the collection of analytic functions in a unit disk . This subclass is determined by quasi-subordination, and we provide exact limits for the Fekete-Szegö functional (that is, for functions in this class. The study produces well-defined borders, and we also talk about different results for new classes while making links to the ones that already exist.

The dynamics and physics of the atmospheric layer nearest to the Earth's surface are included in the boundary layer meteorology. This research aims to evaluate the impacts of aerosols at different altitudes with various optical properties on CBL development. The greatest impact occurs when aerosol absorption is low but close to the peak of CBL. The main objective of this research is to study the effect of aerosols which reduce the net heating, which in turn causes a decrease in the height of the CBL and increases the partitioning of the boundary layer. The methods used in the study depend on the hourly average height boundary taken from the European Centre for Weather Forecast (ECMWF) during the year 2021 over Baghdad City. It showed tha

Due to their capacity to influence people and their usage in news, courts, medical, and military applications, verifying the authenticity of any shared images has become crucial. Image manipulation has become so simple with modern technology. This research introduces a forgery detection method that utilizes the Histogram-Oriented Gradients (HOG) descriptor. This descriptor is established by accumulating the edge orientations caused by image manipulation by a 1D histogram over an image region. The suggested method extracts HOG features in the YCbCr color space of high-frequency discrete wavelet transform (DWT) sub-bands. Later, these features are fed to a classifier to confirm the authenticity of the image or not. Two free datasets, Casia

Many products contain several natural radionuclides in their composition. Frequent use of these products increases the cumulative radiation risk. This study aimed to measure the radioactivity using NaI (Tl)detector of consumer products found in local markets that contain natural radioactive materials (NORMs) and are used for various purposes. Average specific activity values are 3.52 Bq/kg for Uranium-238, 15.77 Bq/kg for Thorium-232, and 153.53 Bq/kg for Potassium-40. The radium equivalent (Raeq) was determined to be 45.22, and the average internal and external absorbed doses for the study samples were 39.77 and 21.21 nGy/h, respectively. The average values of the measured external and internal risk indexes are 0.12 and 0.13, and the re

In this study, novel derivatives have been synthesized for 1,2,4-triazole-quinazolinone compounds. The intermediate compound, amic acid 1, was prepared through the reaction of anthranilic acid with para-methoxybenzoyl chloride. The compound benzoxazinone 2 is prepared by reacting amic acid with acetic anhydride, which upon esterification is carried out using ethylglycinate hydrochloride. Ester derivative 3 was obtained. The first line of research involved reacting the ester derivative 3 with (semicarbazide, thiosemicarbazide, and phenylthiosemicarbazide, phenylthiosemicarbazide) respectively to give derivatives 5-8. Compounds 5-8 were cyclized in alkalin

The study uses the photometric method, which depends on the intensity of color scale levels in the image pixels. The work is based on converting color into a wavelength in each pixel; in the beginning, the work has been verified by measuring the monochromatic wavelengths of rays, such as lasers. The Matlab program (image processing) calculated the number of lasers as 325 nm, 473 nm, 477 nm, 535 nm, 603, and 785 nm, where the results were very good and had a low error rate. The elements had distinctive colors, which indicated wavelengths in the visible range. The work was done for the sulfur element found in specific Iraqi locations, such as Al-Mashraq field in Mosul province. The image processing techniques by Matlab software, with the a

The present work displays a theoretical calculation of the differential, integral cross-sections, and momentum transfer of electrons scattering from carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide molecules (CO₂). The collision energy used ranged from 20 to 1100 eV for the CO molecule and from 10 to 700 eV for the CO₂ molecule. The partial wave analyses with complex optical model potential were used for solving the Dirac relativistic equation in the high and low energy regions. The results show decent agreement with current experimental studies and other theoretical predictions.

Over the past decades, speaker identification has gained the attention of many researchers and security companies because of its many applications in identifying individuals. Therefore, through this work, a speaker identification system has been designed and implemented. The system undergoes a preprocessing phase that involves the removal of silence, the removal of outliers, the quantization of features, and the extraction of linear predictive coding (LPC) and Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) features. Additionally, the system performs a mean and standard deviation analysis on all features. The third phase involved applying deep learning techniques such as convolutional neural networks (CNN), artificial neural networks (ANN), l

This study outlines the synthesis of substituted 1,2,4-triazole derivatives through the cyclization reaction of thiourea derivatives. The process begins with the reaction of different halides with KSCN to produce isothiocyanate derivatives. then followed by a reaction with isonicotinic acid hydrazide to yield thioureas (1-6), with a yield rate of (72-88%). Then, compounds (1-6) were treated with alkaline medium 4 N (NaOH) to produced 1,2,4-triazole derivatives (7-12) with a yield (51-69%).The structure of the prepared compounds was characterized using FTIR,¹HNMR and ¹³CNMR spectroscopy. Some of the synthesized compounds were tested for antimicrobial

    In person recognition, biometrics play an important role. Behavioral or physiological characteristics are utilized by biometrics to identify an individual. Palmprint is considered highly usable and represents a reliable and unique biometric characteristic. Nevertheless, the useful and deepest features extracted from palm prints are an essential point. The most recently developed techniques use creases, wrinkles, and principal line features. However, due to closeness, these features are not enough to distinguish two individuals. Recently, one of the most important techniques that is considered a major key to extracting deep features such as texture features is deep learning. This paper proposes a biometric palm print system using t