Biodiesel production process was attracted more attention recently due to the surplus quantity of glycerol (G) as a byproduct from the process. Glycerol Utilization must take in to consideration to fix this issue also, to ensure biodiesel industry sustainability. Highly amount of Glycerol converted to more benefit material Glycerol carbonate (GC) was one of the most allurement compound derived from glycerol by transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate (DMC). Various parameters have highly impact on transesterification was investigated like catalyst loading (1-5) %wt., molar ratio of DMC: glycerol (5:1 – 1:1), reaction time (30 - 150) min and temperature (40 – 80) ᴼC. The Optimum glycerol carbonate yie

An experimental investigation has been carried out for zinc-nickel (Zn-Ni) electro-deposition using the constant applied current technique. Weight difference approach method was used to determine the cathode current efficiency and deposit thickness. Also, the influence effect of current density on the deposition process, solderability, and porosity of the plating layer in microelectronic applications were examined. The bath temperature effect on nickel composition and the form of the contract was studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Moreover, elemental nature of the deposition was analyzed by Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX).     

It has been found that the best bath temperature

The concrete industry consumes millions of tons of aggregate comprising of natural sands and gravels, each year. In recent years there has been an increasing trend towards using recycled aggregate to save natural resources and to produce lightweight concrete. This study investigates the possibility of using waste plastic as one of the components of lead-acid batteries to replace the fine aggregate by 50 and 70% by volume of concrete masonry units. Compared to the reference concrete mix, results demonstrated that a reduction of approximately 32.5% to 39.6% in the density for replacement of 50% to 70% respectively. At 28 days curing age, the compressive strength was decreased while the water absorption increased by increas

Islamic shrines architecture is one of the Islamic Architectural building types. It is called (Thresholds); (Atabat) in Arabic. Thoroughbred throughout the Islamic world from the east to west. In addition, it carries the style features and peculiarities of uniqueness from the rest of the types of Islamic architecture. By virtue of the particularity of its function as tomb for important person in Islamic history. Islamic shrines architecture has grown and evolved in started from the small shrines, and then taken to widen with the evolution of time in line with the value of the event and the rituals associated with it. Some of them to became centers of large cities of the largest in many parts of the Islamic world.

sensor sampling rate (SSR) may be an effective and crucial field in networked control systems.  Changing sensor sampling period after designing the networked control system is a critical matter for the stability of the system. In this article, a wireless networked control system with multi-rate sensor sampling is proposed to control the temperature of a multi-zone greenhouse. Here, a behavior based Mamdany fuzzy system is used in three approaches, first is to design the fuzzy temperature controller, second is to design a fuzzy gain selector and third is to design a fuzzy error handler. The main approach of the control system design is to control the input gain of the fuzzy temperature controller depending on the cur

The world is confronted with the twin crisis of fossil fuel depletion and environmental degradation caused by fossil fuel usage. Biodiesel produced from renewable feedstocks such as Jatropha seed oil or animal fats by transesterification offers a solution. Although biodiesel has been produced from various vegetable oils such as Jatropha seed oil, the reaction kinetics studies are very few in literature, hence the need for this study. Jatropha curcas seed oil was extracted and analyzed to determine its free fatty acid and fatty acid composition. The oil was transesterified with methanol at a molar ratio of methanol to oil 8:1, using 1% sodium hydroxide catalyst, at different temperature

An analytical approach based on field data was used to determine the strength capacity of large diameter bored type piles. Also the deformations and settlements were evaluated for both vertical and lateral loadings. The analytical predictions are compared to field data obtained from a proto-type test pile used at Tharthar –Tigris canal Bridge. They were found to be with acceptable agreement of 12% deviation.

               Following ASTM standards D1143M-07e1,2010, a test schedule of five loading cycles were proposed for vertical loads and series of cyclic loads to simulate horizontal loading .The load test results and analytical data of 1.95

ان استقرار قاعدة قانون الإرادة لم يتم بشكل نهائي إلا في نهاية القرن التاسع عشر وفي رحاب المذاهب الفردية ، تلك المذاهب التي نتجت من رحمها النظرية الشخصية ، وهذه النظرية ترتكز على مبدأ سلطان الإرادة والاعتراف للفرد بحقوق مصدرها طبيعته الإنسانية الحرة ، وان حقه في الحياة هو الأساس لكل الحقوق الأخرى ، وهذا الحق يمنح إرادته القدرة على إنشاء المراكز القانونية بصورة مستقلة على القانون الذي يقصر دوره على تمكين الف

     This study was carried out in the laboratories of fish for 90 days in 16 glass aquaria (60 cm, 40 cm and 30 cm/70 L) to investigate the effect of some organic acids salts on some growth indices of common carp fish Cyprinus carpio L. A 128 fish were used with an average weight of (40.8±1) gm. and have been distributed on eight treatments with two replicate and eight fish for each replicate. Formulated eight diets that equally iso-nitrogenous (33.85%) and iso-caloric (1535.605 KJ/gm) were investigated. Organic acids salts (Sodium lactate, Sodium acetate and Sodiumformate) were supplemented singly (0.5% of each salts) and mixed to the experimental diets (0.25% of each salts). The statistical results showed

The present work evaluated the differences in mechanical properties of two athletic prosthetic feet samples when subjected to impact while running. Two feet samples designated as design A and B were manufactured using layers of different orientations of woven glass fiber reinforced with unsaturated polyester resin as bonding epoxy. The samples’ layers were fabricated with hand lay-up method. A theoretical study was carried out to calculate the mechanical properties of the composite material used in feet manufacturing, then experimental load-deflection  test was applied at 0 degree position and 25 degree dorsiflexion feet position  and impact test were applied for both feet designs to observe the behavior

Las formas verbales: el infinitivo, el gerundio y el participio, son derivados verbales que se comportan como sustantivos, adverbios o adjetivos, respectivamente; aunque, dado su carácter verbal pueden también funcionar como verbos y, por tanto, como núcleos del predicado.

 El presente trabajo presenta una visión general sobre las formas no personales del verbo en español. Se debe recordar que las formas no personales del verbo tiene funciones y valores dentro de la oración.

  Este trabajo lo dividimos  en dos partes: la primera presenta  un breve marco teórico en que se explica las formas no personales del verbo y como se forman además de sus funciones.

Abstract

The role of specific amino acids namely cysteine, methionine, threonine and asparagine in the protection provided by vamin solution against B-lactam inhibition to E. coli was evaluated in vitro In minimal medium, cells were treated with 32 ug/ml of penicillin G, carbenciLlin, hostacillin, cloxacillin and cephalotin in the presence of specific amino acid supplementation. Deletion of specific amino acids from the media abolished the protection provided by vamin. Threonine was essential for the protection of cells against all tested antibiotics, while cysteine was essential for protection against carbencillin and sephalotin. Deletion of methionine or asparagine abolished the protection against carbencillin and to a less extent cephalotin.

 The solar radiation plays an important role on the energy balance of the earthatmosphere, which is the main source of energy.  Also the solar radiation is a main factor of all applications which use a solar energy as renewable energy source.  The purpose of this research is to study the monthly average changes for solar radiation for the period from 1985 to 1989 by using satellite Antenna Alignment from (NASA). The result shows that the monthly average radiation changes from one year to another because of the changing of it component of atmosphere, (gases, clouds and Aerosols) and as an enhancement for this conclusion, we compared the results with the monthly average radiation at clear atmosphere where the change was slig

         The optimum balance values for different coefficient of spherical aberration (third and fifth degree also focal shift) were studied, the optical system includes different apertures (circle, ellipse, square and triangle) using point spread function (PSF).       By using (Marechal) method; the minimum value of mean square of variance in wave front was founded, so we can get the maximum of central intensity according to (Strehl) criterion.

For the first time, the life cycle of Neoechinorhynchus iraqensis, a parasite of Liza abu and other freshwater fishes in Iraq and its larval development in the intermediate host, the copepod Cyclops hyalinus was given. Hatching took place in the intestine of the copepod host within 10 minutes of exposure to the infective eggs. Motile acanthor penetrated the wall of the intestine within 2-4 hr. after exposure and was found free in the hemocoel where it metamorphoses through the acanthella stage. Acanthella stage revealed changes in the entoblast where the anterior section gave rise to brain, proboscis and proboscis receptacle. The posterior section differentiation gave rise to the genital system. By  12 days, development in the copep

Electron Transfer reaction rate constants at Semiconductor / Liquid interfaces are calculated dy using the Fermi Golden Rule for Semiconductor. The reorganization energy   eV is computed for Semiconductor / Liquid Interfaces system in two solvents and compared with experimental value. The driving force (free energy) ΔGo(eV) is calculated depending on spectrum Ru(H2L`)2 (NCS)2 . The transfer is treated according with weak coupling (nonadiabatic) for two – state level between the Semiconductor and acceptor molecule state.

Lifestyle changes through daily exercise are essential for improving health and fitness. Regular physical activity, whether vigorous or moderate, significantly contributes to the overall well-being of individuals. Observations at the University of Ilorin revealed that some athletes experience rapid fatigue due to inadequate cardiovascular health, often leading to early substitutions by coaches. Despite the recognition of physical exercise's value, its application remains largely theoretical rather than practical. This study aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on the heart rate and blood pressure of athletes at the University of Ilorin, while also exploring the role of educational technology (ET) in enhancing training int

This study deals with the species were recorded for the first time in Baghdad City discovered about thirty.three species distributed throughout many regions belong to fourteen families, which were Aizoaceae, Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Boraginaceae, Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Papaveraceae, Plantaginaceae, Polygonaceae, Rosaceae, Zygophyllaceae. According to the results of the current study showed that about 34 species were recorded for the first time grown throughout Baghdad and its surrounding areas including Al.Zafaraniya region, Al.Rashidiya region, Aqraquf region, Abu.Nuass gardens and parks, Zyaona and Al.Jadiriyah gardens, Al.Rad

This research explores an efficient decolorization approach of aqueous solution containing Reactive Navy Blue (RNB), Reactive Red (RR), Reactive Turquoise Blue (RTB), and Reactive Black (RB) dyes by employing laccase immobilized on granular Porcelanite (PC). The process of immobilizing the laccase enzyme from Fenugreek seeds onto Porcelanite was achieved through a covalent method and the immobilization ratio was reached to 98%. PC function groups and surface texture was examined using Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) techniques. The impact of several process parameters, including pH, particle amount, dye concentration, and temperature, were investigated. The treatment successfully led to m

The current study was aimed at case recording and molecular detection of infectious coryza in chickens. Samples were collected and identified for Avibacterium paragallinarum from about 68 poultry farms for eight months from different five provinces Baghdad, Diyala, Babil, Salahuddin, and Wasit from different flock layers and broilers. Diagnosis of bacterial colonies was first done by isolation and microbiological and biochemical tests. From 15 nasal samples of respiratory sinus cases of chicken,6 isolates were A. paragallinarum, additionally, PCR technique was used to confirm A. paragallinarum, the results for these bacteria in this study were detected

Discourse is a form of communication, and It carries with it an Intellectual framework, and It is a form of expression to communicate Ideas to people through an interactive process.The interest and analysis of discourse Is one of the most important fields of linguistic studies, and It has a basis In ancient studies, and It has become one of the most Important topics of the study, and (Sayyid al-Sadr) often uses guidance In his sermons.

By extrapolating and analyzing a set of examples received, from the perspective of the deliberative approach and the theory of speech acts, and the statement of the extent to whichh (Sayyid al-Sadr) relied on linguistic elements, and the use of the rank of the speaker In issuing directives, and the

The research aims to clarify the effect of evidence in interpreting verses and what are their forms related to interpretation, which every interpreter must be familiar with, along with the necessity of knowing the sciences with which the interpreter is armed in order for the true meaning and intended meaning of the Qur’anic verses to emerge. The determinants of the clues and the extent of their relationship to the Qur’anic text were also explained, and the levels of their impact in directing the meaning were identified in terms of strength, verification, clarity, generality and

ترتبط أهمية دراسة أسماء الألوان بالمؤشرات الثقافية التي تميز الشخص في الجوانب المعرفية والجسدية والنفسية والأخلاقية، حيث أن هذه الوحدات اللغوية غالباً ما تكون محرومة من معناها الأصلي وتتوافق مع المعاني والمفاهيم المجازية (الرمزية) في اللغة والثقافة. ينظر العرب والروس إلى الألوان الأبيض والأسود بشكل مختلف في معتقداتهم وثقافاتهم. وتنعكس هذه الاختلافات في لغات الشعبين وتظهر بوضوح في التعبيرات المجازية (الع

This study was carried out at two locations in Sulaimani Governorate, Iraq during 2022 to investigate the genetic potential of thirty-one rice genotypes to highlights the genetic diversity among rice genotypes and emphasizes the importance of considering both genetic and environmental factors in rice breeding programs. The distinct performance of genotypes across different traits and locations provides valuable information for selecting and developing rice varieties with improved characteristics and higher yield potential. The results of the analysis of variance indicate highly significant differences among the genotypes for all studied traits at both Chalakh and Penjwen locations. This suggests a substantial genetic diversity am

This study was conducted during the spring and   fall seasons of 2024. The results showed a significant positive correlation between the three indices and productivity under both drought stress conditions (Ys) and non-stress conditions (Yp). This indicates that these indices are effective in identifying Genotype with high productivity potential in both scenarios. In the spring season, the superior Genotype were G7 (Giza 113), G14 (ACSAD 51), G15 (ACSAD 56), G20 (ACSAD 62), and G23 (ACSAD 66). In fall season, the top-performing Genotype were G8 (Tabet), G10 (Uruk), G17 (ACSAD 47), G20 (ACSAD 58), and G25 (ACSAD 68). All these Genotype demonstrated drought tolerance with high productivity under both stressed and non-stres

الفضاء المسرحي (السينوغرافيه) ومهمة تشكيل خشبة المسرح في العراق

تميز شعر بيدرو ساليناس من بين أشعار آخرين سبقوه بونا اذ كان يميل في قصائده الى النسج المسرحي لكي يكون قريبا من المتلقي تأثيرا وتأثرا. وبذلك يعد بيدرو ساليناس من المجددين المهمين في الأدب الإسباني وأكتسب شهرته الواسعة في هذا النهج مما جعله يحسب على جيل 1927 وهو في سن مبكرة، فقد تسلل الى الطرح المسرحي من خلال إبداعاته الشعرية التي أضفت طعما خاصا على إبداعاته المسرحية، فقد كتب أربعة عشر عملا مسرحيا استطاعت ان تتب