As human societies grow, the problem of waste management becomes one of the pressing issues that need to be addressed. Recycling and reuse of waste are effective waste management measures that prevent pollution and conserve natural resources. In this study, the possibility of using glass waste as an alternative was used as a partial weight substitute for fine aggregates with replacement ratios of 10, 20, 30, and 40% by the weight, and formed into test models (15 cm * 15 cm ) cube and (15 cm * 30 cm) cylinder, then matured and tested their strength compression and tensile strength at the age of 7 and 28 days and compared with a reference or conventional concrete with a mixing ratio (1: 1.5: 3) as well as testing its worka

This study was aimed to improve the rheological and qualitative properties of the most common bread, wheat bread, by barley pentosanes, which is not optimally utilized although it's many benefits and its huge production. Therefore, water-soluble pentosanes (WSP) and water-insoluble pentosanes (WIP) were extracted from barley  (Hordeum vulgare) and added to wheat flour at different percentages. Five treatments were prepared: (T1) from flour only, (T2 and T3) adding WSP at levels(1 and 2%), (T4 and T5) adding WIP at the same levels respectively. The results showed significant improvement in rheological and qualitative properties of the dough and bread made from this dough with increasing the level of addition. The wat

التعددية السياسية في السنغال

A new series of schiff base and aminothiadiazole derivatives of N- substituted phthalimide (I-VI) were synthesized. In this work, the intermediate 4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)benzaldehyde compound (I), was formed by reaction of 4-amino benzaldehyde with phthalic anhydride in glacial acetic acid(GAA). A series of Schiff bases (IV-VI) was prepared by the reaction of benzidine with compound (I) in ethanol and presence of GAA as a catalyst to form compound (IV) which react with compound (I) and p-nitro benzyldehyde to give compound (V) and (VI) respectively. A new phthalimide thiosemi-carbazone derivative (ll) was prepared by reaction of compound (l) with thiosemi-carbazide HCl in the presence of equimolar amount of sodium acetate. Fina

The adsorption of Malonic acid, Succinic acid, Adipic acid, and Azelaic acid from their aqueous solutions on zinc oxide surface were investigated. The adsorption efficiency was investigated using various factors such as adsorbent amount, contact time, initial concentration, and temperature. Optimum conditions for acids removal from its aqueous solutions were found to be adsorbent dose (0.2 g), equilibrium contact time (40 minutes), initial acids concentration (0.005 M). Variation of temperature as a function of adsorption efficiency showed that increasing the temperature would result in decreasing the adsorption ability. Kinetic modeling by applying the pseudo-second order model can provide a better fit of the data with a greater correla

Abstract:

   The aerial part of Ephedra foliata Family Ephedraceae have long been used in traditional medicine and now Ephedra species have medicinal, ecological, and commercial value. The variety of pharmacological actions of this plant is due to its chemical constituents. Ephedrine and
related alkaloids; are the newly potential medicinal value of Ephedra supplements for weight loss or performance improvement. Other pharmacological actions like antibacterial and antifungal effects of the phenolic acid compounds, the immunosuppressive action of the polysaccharides, and the antitumor action of flavonoids. The genus of this plant wildly distributed t

Prostheses are used as an alternative to organs lost from the body. Flex-Foot Cheetah is considered one of the lower limb prostheses used in high-intensity activities such as running. This research focused on testing two samples of Flex-Foot Cheetah manufactured of two various materials (carbon, glass) with polyester and compare between them to find the foot with the best performance in running on the level of professional athlete. In the numerical analysis, the maximum principal stress, maximum principal elastic strain, strain energy; finally, the blade total deformation were calculated for both feet. In experimental work, the load-deflection test was done for foot to calculate the bending the results were very close to

This study was aimed to produce bacteriocin  from Bacillus. licheniformis  isolated from local soil of corn and sunflower  fields and using  as  antimicrobial agent . Fourteen  of  local  isolates  of Bacillus sp. were obtained and  ability of these  isolates  for growth on Brain heart infusion agar (BHI) at 55⁰C were tested. Isolate C4   was revealed  high  growth density in comparison with other isolates.  Isolate C4 was identified as Bacillus licheniformis according to  morphological, cultural and biochemical tests, Moreover genetic analysis  for 16S rRNA gene an

Meloxicam (MLX) is non-steroidal anti -inflammatory, poorly water soluble, highly permeable drug and the rate of its oral absorption is often controlled by the dissolution rate in the gastrointestinal tract. Solid dispersion (SD) is an effective technique for enhancing the solubility and dissolution rate of such drug.

    The present study aims to enhance the solubility and the dissolution rate of MLX by SD technique by solvent evaporation method using sodium alginate (SA), hyaluronic acid (HA), collagen and xyloglucan (XG) as gastro-protective hydrophilic natural polymers.

Twelve formulas were prepared in different drug: polymer ratios and evaluated for their, percentage yield, drug content,  water so

The present investigation is concerned with utilizing of two types of Single Cell Protein (SCP) designated, Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth for processing P1. And joint growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with lactic acid bacteria Streptococcus thermophilus for processing P2. T2 and T3 respectively, as a replacemente of commercial animal protein T1 . The nutritional performance for SCP was carried out via feeding trials of carp fingerling Cyprinus carpio L.
Values of fish weight rate for carp after 50 days of feeding triales started experiment were 1.15, 1.31, 1.34 gm. The fish growth rate were 0.425, 0.480, 0.500, gm .The averages of daily weight were 0.008, 0.009, 0.01gm/day , The absolute specific growth rates for fish were 0.92, 0.

In this paper, Optimal Brain Surgeon (OBS) pruning algorithm is proposed to optimize network architecture with respect to testing patterns error and overcoming the overlitting problem. Turning process is used as case study to improve the performance of the neural network-surface roughness model. Using the proposed algorithm reduced the prediction error on testing patterns from 0.6237 to 0.2854 based on the absolute percent error estimate. Also, a noticeable improvement is made in correlation coefficient from 0.8656 to 0.9807 making the network more reliable for new operating conditions.

تعتبر المصادرة المدنية عملية قانونية مثيرة للجدل والتي تسمح لسلطات تنفيذ القانون بحجز الاموال اذا كان هناك مجرد شك بكونها عائدات جنائية بغض النظر عن أدانة المتهم عن الجريمة. هذه العملية ينظر اليها من ناحية كسلاح قوي لاستهداف الاموال الجنائية والوسائل لارتكاب المزيد من الانشطة الاجرامية, ومن ناحية اخرى كانتهاك لحقوق الافراد. تبريرات قدمت لدعم كلا الجانبين. هذا البحث يحلل تلك التبريرات, مع التأييد لتطبيق نظ

The objective of this study was to produce fructooligosaccharide (FOS) from fresh jerusalem artichoke (JAT) inulin which was extracted by conventional method (hot water extraction) at two different temperature (80˚C & 90˚C\ 90 min). JAT slices were mixed with distilled water at (1 : 5) (w : v) ratio, the obtained extract purified and concentrated to 32˚Brix, then mixed with acetone (1 : 3) (v : v), kept at 4˚C for 24 h., centrifuged at 10000g/ 15 min., and the precipitate dried at 55˚C. Acid hydrolysis of the dried inulin was carried out at three different pH values being (1.5, 2.5 & 3.0) at 85˚C us

This study was conducted in experimental field, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture –University of Baghdad, Abo Graib for two spring seasons 2011, 2012 potatoes yield. This study  was included the effect of using of three type from nitrogen fertilizer, as well as to  comparison procedure ( Zero) Her code N0,N1,N2,N3 , and two anti- transpiration  , as well as to comparison procedure ( Zero) Her code AS0,AS1,AS2. This study was made by using the activity experiences (4*3) within   the design RCBD with three repeated. The most important results can be summarized Palate

A field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Field of Hort. Dept/ College of  Agric .Abu-Ghraib/University of Baghdad during the  spring growth season and autumn of 2013, to study  effect organic fertilizer and magnetized water  on Growth and production of medicinal pumpkin from fixed oil and its components, the experiment included two factors, First was irrigation with normal water(A1), irrigation with magnetized water 500 gauss(A2) and the second factor included six levels of fertilizers are: control (without fertilization) (F1), chemical fertilization (Recommended) (F2) ,fertilization with mushroo

This research aims to study the most important factors affecting profit function. Cross sectional data were used in the light of a random sample of 130 farmers in Dhi Qar province. The results showed that the proportion of costs of production inputs amounted to 73% of the total production costs. Also, profit function showed that the amount of output has a significant impact on profit compared to other independent variables since value of the parameter of the quantity of production amounted to about 308879 and was significant at the level of 1% according to t-test. The coefficient determination of about 93% for the equation estimated with OLS. However, heteroscedasticity was obvious according to the White Test. So the model was es

Field experiment was conducted using randomized complete block design with three replicates to evaluate the effect of biofertilizer of Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens seperatally or together with peatmoss or bentonite as carriers in interaction with four mineral fertilizer levels  zero, 25%, 50%, and 75% of the recommended level on the growth and yield of wheat (Alrasheed varity). Tow control treatments were used, the first included no addition of biofertilizer and  mineral fertilizer and the second included the addition of the recommended level (100%) of mineral fertilizer. The highest value of grain yield was achieved with the treatment of mixed bacterial isolates with an incr

The First Part of this study was conducted in the Plant Tissue Culture Lab at the College of Science, University of Nahrain from October 2014 to February,2015. The experiment was then completed in the Plant Tissue Culture Lab at the College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad From February 2015 to September 2015. Examine the possibility of using the tissue culture technique in the propagation of Hippeastrum  hybridum. Explants (Bulbs, Leaves) had been sterilized using four different NaOCL concentrations: % 4.0, 2.0, 1.0, 0.0. After sterilization, explants were cultured on MS media supplemented with BA at four concentrations (2.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.0 mg.liter^-1

The First Part of this study was conducted at the Plant Tissue Culture Lab at the College of Science, University of Nahrain from October 2014 to February,2015. and completed at the Plant Tissue Culture Lab at the College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad From February 2015 to September 2015. Examine the possibility of using the tissue culture technique in the propagation of Hippeastrum  hybridum.plantlets were resulted from leaves induced plant lets moved to new MS media supplemented with BA and Kin at 2.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.0 mg.liter^-1 individually or in combination and with or without NAA at 0.5, 0.3, 0.1, 0.0 mg.liter^-1 to enhance shoot proli

This research was conducted in the Apple orchard belong to Department of Horticulture / Collage of Agriculture / University of Baghdad- Abu Ghraib during 2015, in order to investigate the response of four years old Apple trees (CV.Anna) budded on seeding root stock to foliar application with Brassinolide at four levels (0,2,4and 8)mg.g^-1 and Algae extract (Tecamin) at four levels (0,2,4,6) ml.L^-1 and their interaction between them in some vegetative and yield characters. Each treatment replicated three times with a factorial experiment using RCBD. The number of trees used was 27 trees. The results showed that treatment B3 was significantly increased in total chlorophyll content in leaves, shoot diameter, sho

This study was carried out at experimental field of Horticulture and Landscape Department – College of Agriculture – Baghdad University, during autumn season of 2014. This experiment was aimed to study the effect of foliar spray with algae extract (Algaton-20) at two concentrations (2 and 4ml.L^-1) and liquid mineral nutrient (Fosfital calcium) at two concentrations (3 and 6ml.L^-1) and the water extract of dry seeds of broad bean at two concentrations (2.5 and 5g.L^-1) as different sources of nutrition elements (Mo,B,Ca,K,P,N) beside control treatment in vegetative growth and the nutrition content of curds and production parameters of cauliflower plants cv.Eearly snowball.The study was conducted

Laboratory experiment was conducted using silty clay loam soil collected from Agriculture fields in Abu Ghraib to study the release of phosphorus from rock phosphate (10.22 P%) on  a soil treated with three types of organic fertilizers namely; peat moss , sheep manure  , poultry manure and  control treatment (soil only). Ten grams of air dried soil  mixed with 100 mg of ground rock phosphate  and  organic fertilizers added at 2.5% level (w:w) were  incubated at a laboratory temperature (298 K ) after adding  water  up  to two-thirds of the field capacity for 40, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days. Citric  acide  soluble  available phosphorous  was estimated after each i

This study was aimed to investigate the coating of nanoparticles to minimizing harmful of  chemical fungicide in fruit industrial sector. The Effects of coating fruit surface with different concentrations of Nano-silver  on the development of mycelium growth of, Penicillium digitatum and Aspergillus niger during storage were estimated. Coated treatments with silver recorded fully reduction of the fungal growth (100%,) on surface of  fruit  with concentration of 50 ppm and 100 ppm as compared with uncoated samples and fungicide. Also, the treatment with 100ppm of silver showed a significant decrease in weight loss compared with uncoated fruit. Application of nanotechnology can be an important

This study  was aime to investigate the effect of addition different concentration of celery leaves  to white soft cheese ,Treated cheese between 2018-2019, ,The finely Celery (Apium graveolens)   leaves  were  adding  to crude white  cheese  after texturizing in three leveles  included (A,B,C)  in addition of control   antimicrobial activity of celery treated  cheese  against total account bacteria and coliform bacteria was estimated  during (0, 5, 10, 15, 20) days. The results were shown that the higher concentration of celery in treated cheese, had a lower concentration of

This research was aimed to study some factors influencing agricultural growth in Iraq. Using time series data for the period 1990 – 2017, of agricultural growth (a dependent variable) and agricultural exports, agricultural imports, agricultural fixed capital and the agricultural labor force (as independent variables). For these purposes, were statistical and econometrics methods employed to determine the most important aspects of this problem in agricultural sector. Co-integration analysis was used which developed by Johansen, also Augmented Dicky – Fuller of unit root test to determine non stationary data for choosing the best analysis method. In light of results, Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL) was used in asse