Electrospun Whey protein membranes reinforced with electrospun chromium oxide nanofibers were utilized for the packaging of beef burger, which were subsequently frozen and stored for 3 months. The chromium oxide nanofibers were incorporated into the membranes at two concentrations 6, 8 %. The study exhibited promising results for the electrospun nanofibers, as their addition contributed to reducing the total bacterial count, psychrophilic bacterial count, and coliform count during the storage period, at both concentrations: 4.89 × 10³, 4.36 × 10³, 3.28 × 10¹, 2.48 × 10³, and 2.79 × 10³ colony-forming units per gram (CFU/g), respectively. Meanwhile, the moisture, protein,

 This experiment was conducted during 2022-2023 season in private nursery. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of foliar spraying with polyamine and iron sulphate on growth and flowering of the snapdragon plant, Antirrhinum majus L. The experiment focused on two factors. The first factor involved foliar spraying with polyamine at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, and 15 mg.L^-1, The plants were treated with polyamine through two rounds of spraying, 15 and 25 days after planting. The second factor involved foliar spraying with iron sulphate at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 g.L^-1 through two rounds 15 and 25 days after planting. The study followed a factor experiment

This study was aimed to detect the phzS and phzM genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates that form pyocyanin and resist antibiotics. The study was conducted by collecting 240 samples from different clinical sources (burns, wounds, urinary tract, and ear infections) at Medicine City laboratories Baghdad-Iraq. Only 140 samples were diagnosed as P. aeruginosa, with the major identification depending on morphological characteristics, biochemical tests, the Vitek 2 compact system, and molecular detection of the

This study  was aimed to explain the effect of the crude extract and the flavonoid extract of Capparis spinosa L flowers as an antioxidant in vitro and the effect of the flavonoid extract as an antioxidant in the tissues of kidney cells. Different concentrations(7.5, 15, 30, 60, 150, 300, 600)  µg/ml of the two extracts were selected to determine the antioxidant activity in vitro by using DPPH 1,1 Dyphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical. The results showed the efficiency of the flavonoid extract on the crude extract, and it was the highest at concentrations of 150, 300, and 600µg/ml, as it gave 100% compared with the crude extract, which gave 40%, 67%, 75% and fo

This research was done to conducted to determine TEN taxa of the Cucurbitaceae family were studied using the RAPD approach to examine taxonomic relationships and genetic diversity, including Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita maxima, Laganaria siceramia L.C.V. local, Laganaria siceramia L.C.V. Syria, Cucumis sativus, Cucumis melo, Cucumis melo flexuosus, Citrullus lanatus, Citrullus colocynthis, Luffa cylidrica, DNA of fresh leaves was extracted using modified protocol of Kit  due, invested DNA Marker based PCR technology using the RAPD Marker using Thirteen RAPD primers of (Operon) technology biologging to (Bio-RP1

This study was conducted at the poultry farm\Abu Ghraib, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, for the period from 12-10-2022 to 22-11-2022 lasted for 42 days to study the effect of individual and synergistic addition of Moringa oleifera seeds and leaves powder to broiler diets on growth performance. 210 one day old unsexed broiler chicks (Ross-308), randomly distributed in to seven treatments with three replicates per treatment and 10 chicks per replicate as follows: T1 (control treatment) without additive, T2: 1% seeds powder, T3: 2% seeds powder, T4: 1% leaves powder, T5:  2% leaves powder, T6: 0.5% seeds powder + 0.5 leaves powder, T7: 1% seeds powder + 1% leaves powder. <

Through previous studies, we have found only a small number of studies that have discovered the effects and importance of rose water for animals. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of various concentrations of aqueous extract of damask flowers water on body weight, carcass weight and measurements, and some histological characteristics of the jejunum and large intestine of broiler chickens. The commercial Ross308 broiler chicks were randomly divided which it number is 250 chicks into 5 groups at the first day (50 Chicks for each group). The chicks were fed a starter diet from the age of 1-10 days, a growth diet from the age of 24-14 days, and a finishing diet from the age of 25-42 days. In treatment T1 plain water

Alnajmi Agricultural project, Muthanna, Iraq, featured with wide salt affected soils, although it is considered as a significant project for irrigated agriculture. Salt affected soils in this project were studied in different methodologies. Micromorphology descriptive study was conducted to get more information about the salinization process in this project. Eight pedons out of twenty-five ones were selected to be examined micromorphologically. Six of these pedons were salt affected, while the other two were none salt affected soils. As a comparison among those eight pedons, saline soils showed different features related to microstructure and porosity, besides coatings as salwans (salt cutans) and calcitans (carbonate cutans). Pa

This study presents a detailed morphology and taxonomic study of Polysiphonia subtilissima collected from Abdul Rehman Goth, Karachi coast, Pakistan. Polysiphonia is a filamentous heterotrichous red algae, characterized by its branching structures and attachment mechanisms. P. subtilissima is notable for its broad salinity tolerance and wide distribution across marine and freshwater ecosystems. This research provides an in-depth examination of the internal and external structures of P. subtilissima, contributing to its systematic study and documenting its first recorded occurrence in Pakistani coastal areas, bordering the northern Arabian Sea. The findings enhance the understanding of the speci

Deploying drones in agriculture improves resource management and crop monitoring by providing real-time data on insect infestations, plant growth, soil conditions, and irrigation requirements. This study highlights the weather hazards for launching and flying agricultural drones in Iraq. The ten most popular drones for agriculture were chosen, and the weather limitations were determined. Hourly climate data (wind speed, temperature, precipitation, and visibility) in file format NetCDF were used for the period 2004–2023. The Python programming language was used to perform analyses on climate data and calculate the percentage of flight ban frequency due to weather hazards during the study period. Using ArcGIS v.10.8, maps were cr

This study was aimed to isolate and identify fungi contaminating raisin samples and evaluate the effectiveness of bacteria in inhibiting fungal growth and reducing toxin levels. The isolation results the fungus A. flavus was the most frequent and appeared in the samples, reaching 54.5 and 44.4%, respectively. The results showed that all isolates of A. flavus had the ability to produce aflatoxin B1, as confirmed by the ammonia vapor test. The isolate with the highest toxin production was identified through nucleotide sequences deposited in the World Genomic Organization's Gene Bank under accession number OR192858. The results demonstrated the ability of the live bacteria

This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of land for irrigated wheat cultivation in the Ali Al-Gharbi area in Maysan Governorate.A semi detailed soil survey was conducted covering an area of 77244.66 hectares. 15 pedons were described and 40 surface samples were collected. The study area included three physiographic units: the riverbed unit, the river basin unit, and the depressions unit. Land suitability assessment was conducted following the methodologies outlined by Sys et al., 1993, and the approach proposed by Al-Rubaie )10(. This evaluation encompassed soil characteristics, topography, and irrigation water needs. The results indicated that the determining factor for wheat cultivation is soil salinity an

Alsweira research farm (44.823410 and 44.823040 N, 33.012701 and 33.012090 E) of an area of 5000 Da., was selected to conduct the UAV’s photogrammetry interpretation to delineate and separate soil units at the series level in collaboration with the measured RGB vegetation indices derived from their data. Visual interpretation of mosaic and the vegetation indices efficiently eased the delineation process of soil series map. RGB indices measured form UAV’s imagery were efficient in delineating soil units, and they showed significant relationships with above ground biomass where the later is representing the vegetation cover in the study area. NGRDI, ExG, NExG, and RGBVI showed high correlation with above ground biomass (g m

This study aimed to determine whether zinc methionine supplements have a beneficial effect on the immune response in broilers vaccinated against Newcastle disease (ND). A total of 120 broiler chicks were randomly divided into 6 groups. G1 were fed a basal diet and kept as a negative control G2 and G3 were fed 90 mg/kg of zinc methionine in a basal diet. The two groups were vaccinated with killed and live NDV groups 2 and 3 respectively.  Group 3 consisted of chickens vaccinated with live ND vaccine in drinking water, while Group 4 consisted of chickens fed with zinc methionine supplementation 90 mg/kg of basal diet, but not vaccinated (positive control). G5 and G 6 consisting of chickens were vaccinated as mentioned in G2 an

     Agriculture is one of the major sources of livelihood for the Iraqi people as one-third of Iraq population resides in rural areas and depends upon agriculture for their livelihoods. This study aims to estimate the impact of temperature variability on crops productivity across the agro-climatic zones in Salah Al-Din governorate using climate satellite-based data for the period 2000 to 2018. The average annual air temperature based on satellite data was downloaded from the GLDAS Model NOAH025_M v2.1, and interpolates using Kriging interpolation/spherical model. Thirteen strategic crops were selected which is Courgette, garlic, Onion, Sweet Pepper, Watermelon, Melon, Cucumber, Tomato, Potato, Eggplant, Wheat, Barley

This study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of tryptophan against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). A 326 samples were obtained from patients attending Al-Karama hospital\Baghdad city with various infections including: blood, vagina, acne, nasal cavity, wounds, gums and skin. Only 100 isolates were identified as S. aureus, according to conventional and molecular methods. Detection of mecA and icaAD gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the results showed 70% of isolates harbored mecA gene (MRSA) and 61% of isolates harbored icaAD gene. The results of detecting quorum sensing (QS) gen

This study investigated the phytochemical composition and biological activities of Hellenocarum amplifolium from four regions in Sulaymaniyah Province, Iraqi Kurdistan: Hawraman, Qandil, Penjwin, and Sharbazir. The plant specimens were harvested during the pre-flowering phase, specifically between April and May 2021. Chemical analysis revealed that the Hawraman samples contained the highest levels of phenolics, flavonoids, and bioactive compounds (e.g., gallic acid, quercetin, kaempferol), while Qandil samples were richest in essential oils (e.g., linalool, limonene, α-pinene). Hawraman extracts exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity and provided significant protection against ochratoxin A-induced cytotoxicity. Th

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, has resulted in a global health crisis leading to widespread illness, death, and daily life disruptions. Having a vaccine for COVID-19 is crucial to controlling the spread of the virus which will help to end the pandemic and restore normalcy to society. Messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules vaccine has led the way as the swift vaccine candidate for COVID-19, but it faces key probable restrictions including spontaneous deterioration. To address mRNA degradation issues, Stanford University academics and the Eterna community sponsored a Kaggle competition.This study aims to build a deep learning (DL) model which will predict deterioration rates at each base of the mRNA

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel concrete-encased column (CE) using small circular steel tubes filled with cementitious grouting material (GFST) as the primary reinforcement instead of traditional steel bars. The research involved three different types of reinforcement: conventional steel bars, concrete-filled steel tubes with 30% of the reinforcement ratio of steel bars, and concrete-filled steel tubes with the same reinforcement ratio as steel bars. Twenty-four circular concrete columns were tested and categorized into six groups based on the type of reinforcement employed. Each group comprised four columns, with one subjected to concentric axial load, two subjected to eccentric axial load (with eccentrici

In this study, we set up and analyze a cancer growth model that integrates a chemotherapy drug with the impact of vitamins in boosting and strengthening the immune system. The aim of this study is to determine the minimal amount of treatment required to eliminate cancer, which will help to reduce harm to patients. It is assumed that vitamins come from organic foods and beverages. The chemotherapy drug is added to delay and eliminate tumor cell growth and division. To that end, we suggest the tumor-immune model, composed of the interaction of tumor and immune cells, which is composed of two ordinary differential equations. The model’s fundamental mathematical properties, such as positivity, boundedness, and equilibrium existence, are exami

Asthma is a chronic in?ammatory respiratory disease associated with the changes of asthmatic airway structural that result from interact remodeling and in?ammatory processes lead to obstruction of airway. Guggulsterone (GS) is a bioactive compound and plant steroid present in  guggul gum of Commiphora wightii, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. This study designed to investigate of anti-inflammatory activity of gugglsterone in improvement of asthma. Forty eight healthy albino male rats divided to six groups, Group I: Control group (distal water), Group II: Positive control group (distal water) with sensitization, Group III: Guggulsterone (25 mg/kg/day) with sens

Abstract Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) results from sequential genetic alterations in a normal hematopoietic stem cell or its progenitors giving rise to an autonomous clone that dominates the bone marrow leading to marrow failure. MicroRNAs are short non-coding nucleic acid sequences that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression by base-pairing with their target mRNAs. MiRNAs can be secreted into extracellular fluids and carried to target cells by vesicles or bound to proteins. Intracellular and circulating miRNAs are believed to be useful markers in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of various cancers. Practically, circulating miRNAs are more stable at room temperatures and extreme conditions. Purpose: This study aim

Despite efforts to contain and manage the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak which was declared a public health emergency of international concern in January 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO), the COVID-19 pandemic still remains a major global challenge. Patients who display the classical symptoms of the infection are easily identified, tested, isolated and monitored. However, many cases of infected asymptomatic patients have been documented. These patients are not easily identified even though many evidences suggest that they can spread the virus to others. How and why these COVID-19 asymptomatic presentations occur remain unclear. The many theories and views are conjectural, and supporting evidences are still needed. In this review, we

It was aimed to investigate the compressibility, compactibility, powder flow and tablet disintegration of a new excipient comprising magnesium (Mg) silicate co-processed (5%–85% w/w) onto chitin, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and starch as the hydrophilic polymers of interest. Initially, the mechanism of tablet disintegration was studied by measuring water infiltration rate, moisture sorption, swelling capacity and hydration ability. Moreover, the powders compression behavior was carried out by applying Kawakita model of compression analysis in addition to porosity and radial tensile strength measurements. In vitro drug release of compacts made of 400 mg ibuprofen and 300 mg of the hydrophilic polymers containing 30% w/w Mg silicat

    The objective of this work was to determine and compare the physiological changes in some: blood components (packed cell volume and hemoglobin) and plasma biochemical parameters (glucose, total protein, albumin, cholesterol and triglycerides) under 3 day of different types of stress: water deprivation, starvation, overcrowding and handling stress. Twenty five male Wister rats weighted 100-120 gm, were divided randomly into five groups: control, water deprivation, starvation, overcrowding and handling stress. On the third day of stress the animals anesthetized for blood collection; the results of blood component revealed a significant increase in PCV and a significant decrease in Hb of water deprivation group and starva

Experiment of  half diallel cross  among eight maize inbred lines was carried out during spring 2021.The varietal traits for F1 cross and parents with local hybrid were conducted during autumn 2021 Field of  College of Agricultural  Engineering  Sciences , University of Duhok, using Randomized  Complete  Block  Design with three replications .The results were revealed that the analysis of variance for genotypes and general and specific combining ability were significant effect on  studied traits , also the ratio of degree  of  dominance is  less  then one for all traits . The cross 7x8  gave the  heighest  value ( 219.35g)   for grain yield

The aim of this research is to determine the optimal conditions for extracting phenols and flavonoids from the bran of Iraqi proso millet and Ukrainian foxtail millet, whole and defatted, and  studying some of their biological characteristics. Petroleum ether, methyl alcohol (60% and 80%), distilled water, and ethyl alcohol at concentrations of 60, 80, 90, and 99% were used as extraction solutions. The flavonoid content was estimated using the Rutin standard curve, and the phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocateau method based on the gallic acid standard curve. The results showed that the concentration of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in proso millet bran extracts were (770.56, 865.38, 1059.94, 883.16, 72