The comparative literature is a branch of literary criticism which Point to the literary association and relation connecting a mong different world nations and the effect of a nations literature and Culture on another nations literature and culture .So the comparative literature is an image and affront of influence on another nation and countrys literature and culure, for example, the effect of Arabic literature on the Persian , French , English Turkish, Indian and Chinese literature and vice aversa . The current research includes three sections .The first section refers to the meaning and definition of the term “comparative literature '', its origin and beginning s. While the second section focuses on the beginning of the comparative

In this paper, a microcontroller-based electronic circuit have been designed and implemented for dental curing system using 8-bit MCS-51 microcontroller. Also a new control card is designed while considering advantages of microcontroller systems the time of curing was controlled automatically by preset values which were input from a push-button switch. An ignition based on PWM technique was used to reduce the high starting current needed for the halogen lamp. This paper and through the test result will show a good performance of the proposed system.

Abstract 

The catalytic cracking conversion of Iraqi vacuum gas oil was studied on large and medium pore size (HY, HX, ZSM-22 and ZSM-11) of zeolite catalysts. These catalysts were prepared locally and used in the present work. The catalytic conversion performed on a continuous fixed-bed laboratory reaction unit. Experiments were performed in the temperature range of 673 to 823K, pressure range of 3 to 15bar, and LHSV range of 0.5-3h^-1. The results show that the catalytic conversion of vacuum gas oil increases with increase in reaction temperature and decreases with increase in LHSV. The catalytic activity for the proposed catalysts arranged in the following order:

HY>H

The study begins with the idea that advertising is a form of culture. Therefore, it is not possible to be surrounded by an actual briefing from one-sided premises such as those that are based solely on the artistic, aesthetic or technical aspects, without linking it to the culture in which it is produced.
The researcher attempts to shed light on the relation between the advertising letter and the concept of gender. And here lies the importance of the research as the content of the ads and their form and implicit values in the text and image reflect the cultural values that must be identified as well as the most important roles that are stereotyped in advertisements and their relationship to the culture of society.
Advertising is

Non photorealistic rendering is a new research field in the areas of computer graphics. The goal is to give a more natural feel to computer generated images, by simulating various artistic techniques and to give the sense of an image without reproducing it. In this paper, we present a new evolutionary approach to non-photorealistic rendering of 2D black/white and grayscale images. The goal is to generate a painting that is close to a given input image. This problem can be formalized as a high-dimensional optimization problem, with local minima. We have developed a genetic algorithm that modifies the traditional uniform crossover to spread out vital genes at the expense of lethal genes rather than exchanging them between matting parents.

تعد السُّنة المطهرة المصدر الثاني من مصادر التشريع، وبها يــُـفسر القرآن الكريم، فهي إما مبينة لمجمله وإما مقيدة لمطلقه أو مخصصه لعامه أو مشرعة لحكم جديد في القرآن، ولهذا كان الرسول عليه الصلاة والسلام يقـول: (أوتيت القرآن ومثله معه). والتفسير بالسُّنة المطهرة يـُعد الركن الذي لا يقوم التفسير بأي شكل من أشكاله بدونه، فقد كان الرسول (صلى الله عليه وسلم)، هو الواسطة بين الله تعالى، وبين الناس، والقرآن هو معجزت

In the current study, a direct method was used to create a new series of charge-transfer complexes of chemicals. In a good yield, new charge-transfer complexes were produced when different quinones reacted with acetonitrile as solvent in a 1:1 mole ratio with N-phenyl-3,4-selenadiazo benzophenone imine. By using analysis techniques like UV, IR, and 1H, 13C-NMR, every substance was recognized. The analysis's results matched the chemical structures proposed for the synthesized substances. Functional theory of density (DFT)
has been used to analyze the molecular structure of the produced Charge-Transfer Complexes, and the energy gap, HOMO surfaces, and LUMO surfaces have all been created throughout the geometry optimization process ut

This research investigates the meanings and significance of the verse and the concluded educational purports. The expression “And in the heaven is your provision” signifies the deism of Allah. This research introduces the what have been said by Quran Explainers about meaning of Heaven & Provision. It introduces also the meaning of the sentence “which you are promised” and its concluded educational purports. This research discuses the role of educational institutions as well as the family and mosques in connecting Muslims and their children with the promise given by Allah.

Provision is guaranteed for all people if moral and material causes have been considered.

Key Words:

Purports – Educational – Co

The work of this paper is an investigation to improve the condenser performance of the automobile air conditioning system by enhancing the air-side heat transfer from the condenser through the use of an air guide net installed in front of the condenser face which is basically an aluminum plate having a circular entrance shape for the air passage.  The A/C system was examined under two types of test. The first test was conducted the air guide net, while the second was done with the air guide net. The performances of the A/C system under these tests were compared. For the second type of test, the experiment was carried out with three different size of air guide net, three different circular diameters (2, 3 and 3.5 cm) a

Leukemia or cancer of the blood is the most common childhood cancer, Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), is the most common form of leukemia that occurs in children. It is characterized by the presence of too many immature white blood cells in the child’s blood and bone marrow, Acute lymphoblastic leukemia can occur in adults too, treatment is different for children. Children with ALL develop symptoms related to infiltration of blasts in the bone marrow, lymphoid system, and extramedullary sites, such as the central nervous system (CNS). Common constitutional indications consist of fatigue (50%), pallor (25%), fever (60%), and weight loss (26%). Infiltration of blast cells in the marrow cavity and periosteum often lead to bone

  Functionally graded materials (FGMs), with ceramic –ceramic constituents are fabricated using powder technology techniques. In this work three different sets of FGMs samples were designed in to 3 layers, 5 layers and 7 layers. The ceramic constituents were represented by hard ferrite (Barium ferrite) and soft ferrite (lithium ferrite). All samples sintered at constant temperature at 1100^oC for 2 hrs. and characterized by FESEM. Some physical properties were measured for fabricated FGMs include apparent density, bulk density, porosity, shrinkage and hardness. The results indicated that the density increase with the increase the number of layer. Lateral shrinkage is one of the important parameter f

البــاب الأول مقدمة البحث وأهميته تضمن هذا الباب معرفة مدى أهمية التعلم وتحديداً التعلم الحركي وعلاقته بتعلم المهارات الحركية إضافة إلى أهمية استخدام طريقة تدريسية من طرائق التدريس وهي الجزئية للمساهمة بالارتقاء بمستوى التعلم. أما مجالات البحث فكانوا عينة من طلاب فرع التربية الرياضية – للصفوف الرابعة في معاهد إعداد المعلمين – بغداد للفصل الدراسي الثاني من عام 2008-2009 في الملاعب الرياضية في معهد إعداد المع

          تعد تدريبات القوة الوظيفية واحدة من تدريبات القوة التي تهدف الى تطوير السرعة و الإنجاز، وان احد أسس نجاح تدريبات القوة الوظيفية هو الحفاظ على الأداء الحركي بأكبر درجة ممكنة كما هو في الفعالية الرياضية فضلا عن ذلك ان إضافة اوزان نسبية للذراعين والرجلين والجذع وفقا لما برمجه الباحثان وبالاعتماد على النسب العلمية المتفق عليها في ادبيات التدريب ال

چکیده­ی بحث

       به نظر می­آید که عالم هستی ، بر مسأله­ی « حرکت» استوار دارد ، و روح ، همیشه دنبال دگرگونی و تکامل و برتری می­گردد. حرکت ، همه­ی چیزها در عالم إمکان را  در بر می­گیرد. حرکت در بنیادهای فکر مولانا جای مهمی دارد .اشعار مولانا مقدار زیادی از پویایی و حرکت برخوردارست، و از آنجایی که فعل ، عنصر تکانبخش جمله ، و کانون دلالت است ، ترجیح دادیم - علاوه بر دیگر عنا

Tardigrada is a phylum that has never been studied in Armenia, along with many other arthropod groups. Our research is about terrestrial tardigrade species. This study is the first paper on tardigrades from Armenia. Six species of tardigrade were identified, belonging to five genera: Macrobiotus hufelandi C.A.S. Schultze, 1834; Paramacrobiotus areolatus (Murray, 1907); Paramacrobiotus richtersi (Murray, 1911); Ramazzottius cf. oberhaeuseri (Doyère, 1840); Milnesium tardigradum Doyère, 1840; and Echiniscus testudo (Doyère, 1840), which are present in lichen and moss from the northern forests of Tavush Province in Armenia. All the mentioned are new to the fauna of Armenia.

لعلنان نق اأ اّاد أَ ثرالشم تَ ام يلثهاتس يل هامني ا يل ب نال س ييننانن ب د اّاد ين ا يلنال ني نا ي
تنن عل ينني مَ ينط يئني، يلقد قنقج ع طمنق ي ق ن ب ييننن ثع يلأحليث على اّأ يلحنلاي يل و هاع مأني يلقاد
نضعُ ن ش ن نّهن عنلثن نُرأ مُ يلأحلي ش ث دّ ذ ن طمنقيٍ نل ني.
حلُ يلعل م ييننننني يلقد قهقبم ل ي مناي يل ب نال س يلش هامت ققالنم يلش نانئد يلأل ي يلقاد ى قُعناى ق ننام
يل ش نال س يل و نال د لاى يين ان د شّ حناب، اد نىمق

The present study reports the first record of the snakefly, family Inocelliidae (Order Raphidioptera) from the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. A specimen identified as Parainocellia ressli (Aspöck & Aspöck, 1965) was collected during field surveys in northern Iraq. This record fills a significant distributional gap between populations in Anatolia (Turkey) and western Iran, thereby extending the known range of Inocelliidae within the Western Palearctic. The finding underscores the role of the Zagros Mountains as a biogeographical corridor linking Euro-Siberian, Pontocaspian-Iranian, and Syro-Mesopotamian faunal elements. Given the relictual nature and poor dispersal ability of snakeflies, this discovery highlights the persistence of tempe

A comparative study was carried out on ecological and genetical adaptation of three Iraqi
freshwater snails, Physa acuta, Melanopsis buccinoidea and Melanoides tuberculata, in
respect to acute toxicity of heavy metals (Zn, Cd and Hg). Longevity are used as poisoning
tolerance criterion. LT 50 and LT 100 were determined for the studied snails at (0.5, 1, 5, and
10 ppm), for the three metals. Results indicated that Physa acuta had a higher tolerance than
Melanopsis buccinoidea and Melanoides tuberculata, which was the lower one. Previous
exposure to heavy metals in the original habitat was affecting on experimental tolerance and
no relationships of physical and chemical factors (total hardness, temperature, D. O. and

 The gold fishes, Carasusius auratus infected with the fungus, Saprolegnia sp. were treated with different concentrations of Aqueous extracts of coriander , Coriandrun sativum seeds and Henna, Lawsonia inermis leaves by applying the dip method in a water bath for five minutes. The total killing of these fungi was achieved by using 30 % of the C. sativum seeds from Aqueous extract and 40 % of the L. inermis leaves from Aqueous extract.   Changes in behaviors of treated fishes, were increased with the increasing concentration for plant extract of C. sativum seeds. It was observed excitation of fishes , crushing with aquaria sides, jumping outside of aquaria, as well as increasing the number opercula movements . While in case

The file upload is one of the controls of the tool bar of the VisualStodio.NET, but it can’t be used with Ajax technology (It's almost impossible today to be involved in web application design or development and not be aware of Ajax) because the file upload control don’t support Ajax technology that the execution of the instruction is not completed or the (object is not set) message will appear, although the essential need to use this control with Ajax to gain the asynchronous data transfer that supplied by Ajax, because the file upload don’t work without the Postback operation from the client to the server, and the main idea of Ajax technology is working without Postback operation to the server. After the deep resea

Chemical resistance ceramic tiles and mortar to alkali solution are prepared and characterized in this study due to the lack of this kind of publications in ceramic literature. Most of the utilized materials are readily available raw materials and the other materials are available commercially. Physical and mechanical properties are measured and indicate that the prepared ceramic tile and mortars are competitive to traditional building materials. Chemical resistance test against alkali solution is also performed by subjecting test specimens to 10%NaOH liquid for two weeks. The results give no indication of chemical attack to specimens of ceramic tile and mortar. The results are discussed and important conclusions are drawn to encourage c

   The potential use of bone marrow stromal cells as a cellular therapy for chronic diseases relies on the ability of the cell to replicate extensively in vitro.For this reason the present study investigated the replication lifespan and examined the growth properties of albino rats mesenchymal stem cells(MSCS)in vitro. To establish an in vitro system for isolating and culturing the  MSCs of albino rats and to provide research data for its further application,the bone marrow (BM)was collected from young male rats and separated by gradient centrifugation.Then, the mononuclear cells(MNCs) were retrieved from the buffy layer and cultured in Modified Eagle,s Medium (MEM) supplemented with 10%Fetal Calf Serum (FCS)and incubation

Crop diseases are usually caused by inoculum of pathogens which might exist on alternate hosts or weeds as endophytes. These endophytes, cum pathogens, usually confer some beneficial attributes to these weeds or alternate hosts from protection against herbivores, disease resistance, stress tolerance to secondary metabolites production. This study was therefore carried out to isolate potential crop pathogens which exist as endophytes on weed species in the University of Ilorin plantations. Green asymptomatic leaves were collected from 10 weed species across the plantations, and processed for their endophytic fungi isolation. Isolates were purified into pure cultures and used for molecular identification using the internal transcribed spac

المقدمه:

فتق "أمياند" هو الفتق المغبني في حالة وجود الزائده الدوديه من ضمن محتوياته سواء كانت الزائده ملتهبه أو غير ملتهبه, وتحصل هذه الحاله بواقع 1% من حالات الفتق المغبني.

عرض الحالات:

أجريت هذه الدراسه عبر مراجعة (402) حاله من عمليات الفتق المغبني أجريت في مستشفى الشهيد أحمد أسماعيل – السليمانيه - جمهورية العراق في ال

Deception is an inseparable facet of political discourse in attaining strategic political gains though compromising public opinion. However, the employment of discursive deception strategies by the policy-making institutions of think tanks has not received due attention in the literature. The current study aims at exploring how the ideologizing deception strategies are utilized by the conservative American think tank of the Washington Institute to reproduce socio-political realities and re-shape public opinion. To fulfill this task, van Dijk’s (2000) notion of ideological polarization which shows positive self-representation and negative other representation is adopted to conduct a critical discourse analysis of four Arabic texts relea

In most of Beckett’s plays , there are prominent elements of absurdity that are landmarks of his style and the way of his writing like : the physical and the spiritual decay of characters, the disintegration of language as it becomes no longer a means of human communication because there is an inability to establish any kind of mental contact among them. These elements are quite apparent in Beckett’s “All That Fall”. The play exhibits a list of  conflicts: one is between powerful forces as that between the force of life represented by Maddy and the forces of death represented by Dan .The second is  the conflict and contempt between the old generation and the new one in the case of Dan’s desire to kill the boy fetching

The research entitled (Image of the Religious Coup in Spain in the Middle Ages) aims to shed light on the prevailing image of the religious coup in Spain during the Middle Aga

Khadija Al-Hadithi was known for her love of the Arabic language. She was a distinguished and serious phenomenon in Arabic science and culture. She was born in Basra Governorate, one of the ancient and important cities in the history of Arabic grammar and one of the centers of the intellectual and scientific movement. The Basra Grammar School emerged there and made numerous achievements in the field of Arabic linguistics that remain an important source for students of the specialty.

              Climate change is a global environmental issue and a common concern for humanity, and it is an inevitable result of civilization development, especially after the industrial revolution All areas of life                                                             At the level of the Iraqi situation , Iraq faces several challenges posed by Climate change , Such as high temperature, lack of rain, water scarcity , land salinity , and the increase in the proportion of sand and dust storms and the resulting disasters, which impedes development and hinders efforts to reduce poverty , enhance livelihoods , and reduce conflict  to obtain natural resources.