Strengthening of composite beams is highly needed to upgrade the capacities of existing beams. The strengthening methods can be classified as active or passive techniques. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to provide detailed FE simulations for strengthened and unstrengthened steel–concrete composite beams at the sagging and hogging moment regions with and without profiled steel sheeting. The developed models were verified against experimental results from the literature. The verified models were used to present comparisons between the effect of using external post-tensioning and CFRP laminates as strengthening techniques. Applying external post-tensioning at the sagging moment regions is more effective because of the e

Many pathophysiological processes can affect the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs in people with diabetes. The present study was deigned to evaluate the influence of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the pharmacokinetic parameters of metronidazole administered as single oral dose. Twelve healthy volunteers and twelve diabetic patients were enrolled in the present study. On day 1, a single oral dose of metronidazole 500 mg was administered orally to all participants at 9:00 am after a 10-hour fasting. Over the following 48 hours, blood samples were taken at frequent intervals and serum metronidazole concentrations were measured by a high-performance liquid chromatography method for assessment of pharmacokinetics of metronid

Al-Naymi, N.A.Sh., H.A.S. AL-Nuaimi and M.R. Nashaat. 2022. Toxicity Stress of the Durah Power Plant Ash and its Effect on the Alga Chlorococcum humicola (Naeg) Rabenhorst 1868. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 40(2): 188-192. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-040.2.188192 This study illustrates the acute toxic effect of ash released from Durah power plant (DPP) on the biology of the phytoplankton species Chlorococcum humicola in Iraq. The results showed that the median lethal concentration for killing 50% of the Alga population (LC50) was 0.15 and 0.13 ppt (parts per thousand) for 24 and 48 hours exposure to crude ash concentrations, respectively. In contrast, no LC50 value was recorded for 72 and 96 hrs after exposure. The reduction

This study includes synthesis of some nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds linked to amino acid esters or heterocyclic amines that may have a potential  activity as antimicrobial and/or cytotoxic.  Quinolines are an important group of organic compounds that possess useful biological activity as antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor .8-Hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) and numerous of its derivatives exhibit potent activities against fungi and bacteria which make them good candidates for the treatment of many parasitic and microbial infection diseases.

These pharmacological properties of quinolones  aroused our  interest in synthesizing several new compounds featuring heterocyclic rings of the quinoline derivatives linke

Essential oils of eucalyptus leaves and clove buds were isolated and tested for their bioherbicidal potential on different annual weed species. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry analysis (GC-MS) identified thirteen compounds representing around 87.11% of the total isolated eucalyptus oil. The main constituent was 1,8-cineole, which accounted for 68.15% of the total identified compounds. As for clove oil, eleven compounds were identified, representing 90.03% of the total compounds. Eugenol was the dominant compound and accounted for 73.89%. The bioherbicidal efficacy of the two oils and their combinations by three concentrations (2.5, 5, and 10%) were tested on four weedy species, namely Chenopodium album, Raph

     In this paper, a general expression formula for the Boubaker scaling (BS) operational matrix of the derivative is constructed. Then it is used to study a new parameterization direct technique for treating calculus of the variation problems approximately. The calculus of variation problems describe several important phenomena in mathematical science. The first step in our suggested method is to express the unknown variables in terms of Boubaker scaling basis functions with unknown coefficients. Secondly, the operational matrix of the derivative together with some important properties of the BS are utilized to achieve a non-linear programming problem in terms of the unknown coefficients. Finally, the unknown parameters are obtaine

A review of the literature on intellectual capital development was conducted using systemic criteria for the inclusion of relevant studies. The concepts behind the ideas explored in the present study were discussed in respect to the subject matter. Examining the past state of the art in the intellectual capital sector for achieving high levels of innovation performance provided a multidimensional picture of intellectual capital, innovation performance, and dynamic capabilities. The present review was designed to illustrate the correlation between intellectual capital and innovation performance, as well as the role of dynamic capabilities in moderating the relationship between these constructs. Accordingly, we presented an extensive

It was recorded that Terpinen-4-ol has an anti-parasitic properties, so it will be noteworthy to intensify the studies about this compound.

This study aims to test the effectiveness of terpinen-4-ol on amastigote forms of Leishmania parasite in macrophages.

This effect was studied by adding increasing concentrations  of  Terpinen-4-ol to  culture wells containing mouse macrophages that were previously incubated with the promastigote forms of the parasites for 24 hours .Then, they were incubated for another 24 hours with increasing concentrations of Terpinen-4-ol.  After, Parasites were enumerated into macrophages in wells either treated with Terpinen-4-ol or in control wells.

Treatment with Ter

     In this work, we present the notion of sp[γ,γ^(* ) ]-open set,  sp[γ,γ^(* ) ]-closed, and sp[γ,γ^(* ) ]-closure such that several properties are obtained. By using this concept, we define a new type of spaces named sp[γ,γ^(* ) ]-compact space.

    The digital world has been witnessing a fast progress in technology, which led to an enormous increase in using digital devices, such as cell phones, laptops, and digital cameras. Thus, photographs and videos function as the primary sources of legal proof in courtrooms concerning any incident or crime. It has become important to prove the trustworthiness of digital multimedia. Inter-frame video forgery one of common types of video manipulation performed in temporal domain. It deals with inter-frame video forgery detection that involves frame deletion, insertion, duplication, and shuffling. Deep Learning (DL) techniques have been proven effective in analysis and processing of visual media. Dealing with video data needs to handle th

The main goal of this paper is to introduce a new class in the category of modules. It is called quasi-invertibility monoform (briefly QI-monoform) modules. This class of modules is a generalization of monoform modules. Various properties and another characterization of QI-monoform modules are investigated. So, we prove that an R-module M is QI-monoform if and only if for each non-zero homomorphism f:M E(M), the kernel of this homomorphism is not quasi-invertible submodule of M. Moreover, the cases under which the QI-monoform module can be monoform are discussed. The relationships between QI-monoform and other related concepts such as semisimple, injective and multiplication modules are studied. We also show that they are proper subclass

     This research aims to study the effect of different pH values on the growth of CdTe nanoparticles during specific times. The reflux method has been used as a method for preparing CdTe quantum dots. A difference in absorbance and intensities of peaks at pH 10.5 and 11.5 was observed during the reaction period. The growth rate of the NPs (nucleation) was irregular at low pH values. Optical examinations showed that the best growth rate of NPs was at pH value 12.

يهدف هذا البحث الموسوم عنوانه بـ"بيع الحيوان بالوزن دراسة فقهية مقارنة" إلى التعرف على المقصود بمعاملة بيع الحيوان بالوزن، ومدى مشروعية بيع الحيوان في الفقه الإسلامي، كذلك يهدف إلى التعرف على القواعد الفقهية المؤثرة في مشروعية بيع الحيوان بالوزن، ومن ثمة بيان الحكم الشرعي لهذه المعاملة ومدى مشروعيتها. وتبين لي من هذا البحث أن المراد ببيع الحيوان بالوزن هو عقد المعاوضة المالية الذي يَرِد على حيوانٍ معلومٍ،

Radiographic examinations of the cervical and lumbar spine are common diagnostic tests that can involve relatively high radiation exposure for the patient, particularly in lateral projections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) in adult patients during lateral radiographic imaging of the cervical and lumbar spine and to benchmark the findings against internationally published data. A prospective survey was conducted in six radiographic facilities, comprising three governmental hospitals and three private clinics. A total of 221 adult patients were included, comprising 107 cervical spine LAT examinations and 114 lumbar spine LAT examinations. The exposure parameters, tube potential (kVp), tube curr

In this study, the ground-state nuclear structure of neutron-deficient mercury (Hg) isotopes in the mass number range A=180-192 is investigated within the self-consistent Skyrme-Hartree-Fock (SHF) framework using different parametrizations. The even-even and odd-even A members of the isotopic chain were examined in terms of nuclear deformations, charge radii, binding energies, separation energies, and nuclear density distributions. The calculated charge radii agreed with the experimental systematics, with residual deviations below 0.082 fm, confirming the quantitative reliability of the SHF in describing nuclear spatial observables. Furthermore, the nuclear charge-density distributions calculated using the Skyrme Skxcsba parameterizati

يتناول هذا البحث المقيِّدات اللسانية في النصوص القانونية بوصفها آليات لغوية–تداولية تسهم في ضبط الدلالة وتوجيه المعنى التشريعي نحو الدقة والوضوح. ويركز على قواعد غرايس (الكم، والكيف، والمناسبة، والأسلوب) بوصفها إطارًا تحليليًا لفهم كيفية توظيف المشرّع للغة في الحدّ من الغموض وتقليص مساحة التأويل، وقد أظهر التحليل أن الخطاب القانوني لا يعتمد على الصياغة اللغوية فحسب، إنما على بنية تداولية منظّمة تُراعي

Objective(s): To assess the prevalence of smoking cigarette and e-cigarette among Palestinian university students and to investigate personal characteristics, associated with cigarette and e-cigarette smoking.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey using self-structured questionnaire administered among 470 students from Palestinian universities in three cities: Ramallah, Nablus and Hebron, between February, 2023 to May, 2023. The questionnaire included 31 questions related to the frequency and habits of smoking traditional cigarettes, hookah and e-cigarettes.

Results:  The study involving 401 students with an overall response rate 85% with a mean age of 20.5 and revealed demogr

This study investigated the effects of different dopants (Mn, Cu, and Sb) on the characterization of SnO₂ thin films prepared by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The pure and doped powders were prepared by the sol-gel technique and sintered at 600 ^оC for two hours. Structural analysis revealed a tetragonal structure in SnO2, and the addition of dopants induced lattice strain and increased dislocation density, thereby enhancing the number of active sites available for gas interactions. The morphology analysis revealed that the particles were uniformly distributed in the films and were almost spherical in shape. Optical measurements demonstrated a bandgap change, which decreased with doping from 3.83 eV to 2.8 eV.

يشهد النظام الدولي تحولًا بنيويًا عميقًا بفعل التطور المتسارع لتقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي، وخاصة عند إدماجها في السياقات العسكرية وفي إدارة النزاعات المسلحة. فقد أصبحت أنظمة الأسلحة الذاتية، والخوارزميات القادرة على اتخاذ قرارات قاتلة، والأنظمة المساعدة في جمع المعلومات وتحليلها، جزءًا من واقع النزاعات الحديثة. وهذا التحول يثير تساؤلات حيوية حول مدى قدرة القانون الدولي الإنساني، بصيغته الحالية، على تنظي

This research examines the potential for developing a sustainable tourism model in the Iraqi Marshlands, an area with a unique environmental and cultural significance. By conducting a comparative analysis of international experiences in similar wetland areas, the research identifies a set of key performance indicators that can be adapted to guide and evaluate sustainable tourism development in the Iraqi Marshlands. The research relies on a comprehensive methodology that combines a review of academic literature and international reports, an analysis of similar case studies, and an assessment of the current tourism situation in the region. The results indicate promising opportunities for developing sustainable tourism in the Iraqi Marshlan

This study aimedto determine the chemical composition of Plantago seeds and the gum extracted from it. Protein, fat, ash, moisture, fiber, and total carbohydrates were estimated. The results indicated a high percentage of carbohydrates in the gum compared to the seeds. It reached 63.1 and 44.2%, respectively. Some major and minor mineral elements weredetermend analyzed. It was found that the seeds and gum contained good levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus, in addition to iron, zinc, and copper. The results of the analysis of amino acids in Plantago seeds and gum using the HPLC technique indicated that the amino acid lysine had a higher percentage than the rest of the amino acids in plantago seeds, reaching 77.

سعى البحث الى ابراز الدلالة المعجمية عند العرب الأصوليين من حيث علاقتها باللفظ والمعنى، مبينًا أن اللفظ هو الوسيلة الأولى لإدراك المعنى الذهني، إذ قسّم الأصوليون الدلالة إلى أصلية تتعلق بالمعنى الموضوع للفظ، وتابعة تُستفاد من السياق والمقام، كما سعى البحث الى ابراز الظواهر الدلالية كالترادف والاشتراك والأضداد، موضحًا اختلاف القدماء والمحدثين في تفسيرها

This research aims to spatially analyze urban poverty in the city of Al-Hilla using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as an effective tool for understanding social and economic disparities at the neighborhood level. A spatial database covering ten urban districts was developed, based on composite indicators such as average income, illiteracy rate, unemployment, residential overcrowding, and access to basic services. Spatial analyses were conducted using ArcGIS tools including Buffer Analysis, Hot Spot, and Kernel Density, in addition to measuring distances to the nearest health services. The results revealed clear spatial variation in poverty distribution, with high poverty levels concentrated in peripheral neighborhoods such as Al-Ni

The study included the ecology and classification of non-diatom phytoplankton in the biological treatment ponds of a leather factory in the tannery in Baghdad. Water and algae samples were taken from three ponds within the factory during the autumn of 2025, with three replicates per site. Some properties (chemical and physical) were measured: water temperature, pH, total suspended solids, and nutrients, including phosphates, nitrates, and two heavy metals: chromium and lead. The results showed slight variations in temperature and pH (27.277-29.177°C and 8.200-7.267, respectively); total suspended solids were recorded at 47.000-80.467 mg/L, while the nutrients showed high concentrations. Phosphate ranged from 2056.600 to 4521.600 mg/L, a

This research aims to identify the effect of skill-based exercises designed according to the strategy of advanced organizations in learning some basic football skills among students. The researcher adopted the experimental method using the two-group design (experimental and control) with the application of the pre- and post-tests to measure the level of skill performance of the sample members. The researcher selected the research population, which consists of first-year evening students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Al-Mustansiriya University, their number is (106), and it consists of three sections (A-B-C). Section A had 40, Section B had 30, and Section D had 36. The researcher selected Section A as the rese

This study hypothesized that rising embryonic temperature during hatching process could influencing post growth performance and some plasma blood traits of broiler, this technique called Embryonic thermal manipulation (ETM), so, four hundred and forty Ross 308 broiler hatching eggs (63.54 + 2.07 g) from 34-week old broiler breeders were used for this trail via rising incubation temperature by 1.7 C to reach 39.5 C and 55% RH, for 12 h in 7^th, 10^th, 13^th and 16^th to represent first, second, third, fourth treatment respectively and the fifth treatment was the control that had the standard incubation condition. After hatching the same of previous treatments were keep on, and only two hundre

Clomipramine (Clm.) is considered one of the most effective tricyclic antidepressant drugs. The present study focuses on the ability of the flavonoid extract of tiger nuts to reduce the damage caused by the drug. The study involved 48 male mice weighing 30 g ± 5 and divided into four groups of 12 mice for each group. The control group with no treatment, the G2 group treated with 200 mg/kg of flavonoid extract, and G3 treated with 50 mg of Clm. and the G4 group was treated with 50 mg Clm. + 200 mg/kg of extract. The treatment continues for 40 days. The results showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in FSH, LH, and testosterone T, and in addition, an increase in semen quality and the sperm abnormalities decreased significantly (P &lt

The research aims to identify the requirements for achieving the competitiveness of the local agricultural product of vegetables in the province of Baghdad, and for the purpose of achieving the goal, five areas have been identified to identify the requirements for achieving the competitiveness of the local product of vegetables in the province of Baghdad and included (training extension service providers, extension activities provided to vegetable growers, and technical requirements to achieve the quality of the local agricultural product of vegetables, government legislation and laws, and gain consumer satisfaction), and with reference to previous studies and the subject of research, a questionnaire was used to collect this data

A modified Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with fear effect and nonlinear harvesting is developed and investigated in this study. The predator is supposed to feed on the prey using Holling type-II functional response. The goal is to see how fear of predation and presence of harvesting affect the model's dynamics. The system's positivity and boundlessness are demonstrated. All conceivable equilibria's existence and stability requirements are established. All sorts of local bifurcation occurrence conditions are presented. Extensive numerical simulations of the proposed model are shown in form of Phase portraits and direction fields. That is to guarantee the correctness of the theoretical results of the dynamic behavior of the system and t