This paper examines the gaps in Lebanese building law as well as the exploitation of contractors, stakeholders, and residents in order to make illegal profits at the expense of The Shape of urban agglomerations and their expansion in cities and rural areas, which is contrary to the principles of sustainable land development. It also emphasizes the amplification of the factors of vertical and horizontal building investments in the implementation of buildings contrary to the license, as well as the burden that this places on the city's resulting infrastructure and ability to absorb the activities and needs of its residents. The study then presents recommendations in the process of transformation in the technique of planning and application

 تستمد هذه الدراسة أهميتها من كونها محاولة بحثية جاءت لتلقي الضوء على الإطارين المفاهيمي والإنشائي لعقد الاستثمار الأجنبي للعقار، وذلك من خلال بيان التعاريف التي تقدم بها الفقه الاقتصادي والفقه القانوني لهذا العقد، والتعرف على الخصائص المميزة له والوقوف على طبيعته القانونية ،ومن ثم الكشف عن الأركان الواجب توافرها لإنشائه، وذلك لقياس مدى كفاية النصوص التشريعية الواردة في القانون الاتحادي رقم 19 لسنة 2018

Reinforcement of refractory castables with steel fibers improves their strength for cracking and spalling and expands the service life.

The results show that raising the temperature from 700°C to 900°C causes an increase in porosityand decrease in bulk density for refractory castables. This happens because of decomposition of the hydraulic bond of alumina cement. When the temperature is raised higher than 900°C, ceramic bond is formed as a result of sol dreaction between alumina cement and bauxite aggregate. This leads to reduction of the porosity ar d aincrease in the bulk density. Steel fibers are affected positively in reducing the porosity ardaincreasing the bulk density for refractory castables. This positi

Noise levels have rapidly increased in recent years, largely due to the proliferation of modern appliances and critical noise sources like engine exhaust mufflers. Controlling muffler-radiated noise could reduce its impact on the surrounding communities. Generally, conventional mufflers utilize expensive sound-absorbing, fibrous, porous materials with high cost and harmful effects. Thus, eco-friendly materials are being used as alternative materials for their lower cost and less effects. The objective of this study is to evaluate natural material fiber's potential as an effective sound absorber in exhaust absorptive mufflers. Also, evaluate an elliptical muffler's performance by studying several factors, including liner

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Water is necessary for sustainable development and healthy society.  Groundwater, often, is not sufficient and protected for direct human consumption. Due to increase in the density of population the requirement of water is increasing.  In this work, the assessment of groundwater quality was conducted in the south-west part of Basrah province. Spatial variations in the quality of groundwater in the study area have been analyzed utilizing GIS technique. The geochemical parameters of groundwater samples including pH, EC, TDS, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, HCO₃, SO₄, and NO₃ were assessed in this study. Information maps of the study area have been actually prepared to make use of the GIS spatial

Eye loss may be caused as a result of eye trauma, accidents, or malignant tumors, which leads the patient to undergo surgery to remove the damaged parts. This research examines the potential of computer vision represented by Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry in fabricating the orbital prosthesis as a noninvasive and low-cost technique. A low-cost camera was used to collect the data towards extracting the dense 3D data of the patient facial features following Structure from Motion-Multi View Stereo (SfM-MVS) algorithms. To restore the defective orbital, a Reverse Engineering (RE) based approach has been applied using the similarity RE algorithms based on the opposite healthy eye to rehabilitate the defected orbit

Shallow and inclined skirted foundations on 30% sandy soil were examined in the experiment program. The study examined the effects of positive and negative eccentric-inclined loading on foundations. Experimental testing was done in a 600 × 600 mm box with a 50 x 50 mm square footing with a 10 mm thickness. The skirt angles were 10°, 20°, and 30°, and the skirt depth was Ds was 0.5 B. Results showed that using skirts significantly increases load-bearing capacity and decreases tilting. Tilting reduces with a skirt, and skirt inclination (alpha) increases with similar loads. Inclined skirts decrease tilt by (2.3% to 0.66%) at e was 0.15 B, load angle (beta) was 15°, and alpha was 30° in the negative case. Tilting incr

تعد دراسة العلاقة بين السلطة والرأي العام من الدراسات الهامة في التأريخ الإسلامي ولاسيما في العصر الراشدي لما تميز به هذا العصر من خصوصية وذلك لقربه من عصر النبوة ولكونه عصر التأسيس لهكذا علاقة ,ويرى الباحث ان هذه العلاقة يمكن دراستها من خلال التركيز على أبرز مظاهرها وهي تتلخص بدراسة انقسام الرأي العام حول مسألة تداول السلطة وأثر هذا الانقسام في الشرعية والمعارضة, وأهمية الرأي العام في نظر السلطة وضرورة مد

  The term end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is often used to describe people who have the last stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and are undergoing dialysis or a kidney transplant for treatment. Hemodialysis (HD) is the most prevalent technique that is utilized to eliminate waste and other hazardous chemicals from the body. The study aims to assess the role of serum Urokinase plasminogen activator (UPA) levels among Iraqi hemodialysis patients. The study encompassed 50 patients aged 40–74 years (21 males and 29 females) admitted to the Iraqi dialysis center at Baghdad Teaching Hospital for the period from October 2022 to February 2023. They were diagnosed based on previous medical reports and laboratory and clinical tests by a cons

              Automated clinical decision support system (CDSS) acts as new paradigm in medical services today. CDSSs are utilized to increment specialists (doctors) in their perplexing decision-making. Along these lines, a reasonable decision support system is built up dependent on doctors' knowledge and data mining derivation framework so as to help with the interest the board in the medical care gracefully to control the Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) virus pandemic and, generally, to determine the class of infection and to provide a suitable protocol treatment depending on the symptoms of patient. Firstly, it needs to determine the three early symptoms of COVID-19 pandemic criteria (fever, tiredness, dry cough and breat

<p>The demand for internet applications has increased rapidly.  Providing quality of service (QoS) requirements for varied internet application is a challenging task. One important factor that is significantly affected on the QoS service is the transport layer. The transport layer provides end-to-end data transmission across a network. Currently, the most common transport protocols used by internet application are TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol). Also, there are recent transport protocols such as DCCP (data congestion control protocol), SCTP (stream congestion transmission protocol), and TFRC (TCP-friendly rate control), which are in the standardization process of Internet Engineering Task

A thin film of SnSe were deposited by thermal evaporation technique on 400 ±20 nm thick glass substrates of these films were annealed at different temperatures (100,150,200 ⁰C), The effect of annealing on the characteristics of the nano crystalline SnSe thin films was investigated using XRD, UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), and Hall effect measurements. The results of X-ray displayed that all the thin films have polycrystalline and orthorhombic structure in nature, while UV-VIS study showed that the SnSe has direct band gap of nano crystalline and it is changed from 60.12 to 94.70 nm with increasing annealing temperature. Hall effect measurements showed that all the films have a positive Hall coeffic

The current study used extracts from the aloe vera (AV) plant and the hibiscus sabdariffa flower to make Ag-ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and Ag-ZnO nanocomposites (NCs). Ag/ZnO NCs were compared to Ag NPs and ZnO NPs. They exhibited unique properties against bacteria and fungi that aren't present in either of the individual parts. The Ag-ZnO NCs from AV showed the best performance against E. coli, with an inhibition zone of up to 27 mm, compared to the other samples. The maximum absorbance peaks were observed at 431 nm and 410 nm for Ag NPs, at 374 nm and 377 nm for ZnO NPs and at 384 nm and 391 nm for Ag-ZnO NCs using AV leaf extract and hibiscus sabdariffa flower extract, respectively. Using field emission-scanning electron microscopes (FE-

Background and Aim: due to the rapid growth of data communication and multimedia system applications, security becomes a critical issue in the communication and storage of images. This study aims to improve encryption and decryption for various types of images by decreasing time consumption and strengthening security. Methodology: An algorithm is proposed for encrypting images based on the Carlisle Adams and Stafford Tavares CAST block cipher algorithm with 3D and 2D logistic maps. A chaotic function that increases the randomness in the encrypted data and images, thereby breaking the relation sequence through the encryption procedure, is introduced. The time is decreased by using three secure and private S-Boxes rather than using si

This study aimed to investigate the influence of longitudinal steel embedded tubes located at the center of the column cross-section on the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) columns. The experimental program consisted of 8 testing pin-ended square sectional columns of 150×150 mm, having a total height of 1400 mm, subjected to eccentric load. The considered variables were the steel square tube sizes of 25, 51 and 68 mm side dimensions and the load eccentricity (50 and 150) mm. RC columns were concealed steel tubes with hollow ratios of 3%, 12% and 20% depending on tube sizes used. The experimental results indicated an improvement in the overall behavior of eccentric columns when steel embedded tubes are used. The maximum gain in

Based on naproxen, in this study, a new series of 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-thiol derivatives was prepared through the esterification of the carbonyl group (of naproxen) using thionyl chloride as an auxiliary agent with methanol, and then naproxen hydrazide was made, to be obtained using (CS2) and a basic media convert it to the potassium salt of dithiocarbazate.   It was oxidized with concentrated sulfuric acid to a compound containing the thiol thiadiazole ring, and finally, through an alkylation reaction, the final compounds were produced (Gh1, Gh2, Gh3, Gh4). These compounds were characterized using infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Then, the anti-inflammatory effectiveness was evaluated in vivo by inducing acut

أن ظاهرة الهجرة غير الشرعية تعد ظاهرة عالمية تهدد أمن وأستقرار غالبية الدول، هذا الأمر دفع المجتمع الدولي إلى بذل الجهود والتعاون من أجل مكافحتها أو الحد من آثارها السلبية وقد تم ذلك خلال وضع العديد من الآليات على الصعيد الدولي والاقليمي للقضاء على ظاهرة الهجرة غير الشرعية.

Tremendous efforts have been exerted to understand first language acquisition to facilitate second language learning. The problem lies in the difficulty of mastering English language and adapting a theory that helps in overcoming the difficulties facing students. This study aims to apply Thomasello's theory of language mastery through usage. It assumes that adults can learn faster than children and can learn the language separately, and far from academic education. Tomasello (2003) studied the stages of language acquisition for children, and developed his theory accordingly. Some studies, such as: (Ghalebi and Sadighi, 2015, Arvidsson, 2019; Munoz, 2019; Verspoor and Hong, 2013) used this theory when examining language acquisition. Thus,

Dialogue is one of the basic data of human existence where we find religious, civilizational, educational, and cultural dialogue, and all of these types require interaction with the other that is intellectually, socially, or religiously different. It is the only way through which contact is made between individuals, groups, peoples, and states, and through dialogue, societies get advanced. Dialogue is extremely important in clarifying the true image that resides in the thought of the other side, especially that purposeful scientific dialogue in which the interlocutors are free from fanaticism and extremism. The current study aims to identify the importance of dialogue, conditions for constructive dialogue, types of dialogue, The importan

This research aims to evaluate the levels of some air pollutant gases, namely sulfur dioxide (SO₂), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and radon (Rn²²²) in the residential areas surrounding the Dora refinery, south of Baghdad. Several locations were selected from residential areas representing different directions relative to the refinery, taking into account the distance from the emission source and the environmental characteristics of the site. In this study, gas detection techniques were applied, using a multi-gas detector in the areas surrounding the Dora refinery. Concentrations were collected over three consecutive months, with 89 readings taken at 14 locations in the areas surrounding the Dora

The main objective of this laboratory study was to produce environmentally friendly, sustainable roller-compacted concrete (SRCC) that meets the required strength by utilizing waste building materials such as waste thermostone block as a partial volume replacement of fine aggregate by two percentages (15% and 30%) and filler by 50%. Along with standard curing, three different curing regimes were tested: spray-water, liquid-membrane compound (Sika Antisol-WB), and damp-burlap. Regarding the curing methods, the liquid-membrane compound achieved the best results compared to standard-curing, followed by damp-burlap. On the other hand, spray-water resulted in the poorest performance, yielding lower results than standard-curin

Rotating fan shaft system was investigated experimentally and theoretically to study its dynamic performance. The type of oil used for the bearing was taken in consideration during the experimental program .Three types of oil were used, SAE 40, SAE 50 and degraded oil. During the experiments, the fan blades stagger angle was changed through angles (20˚, 30˚, 40˚, and 50˚). The shaft rotational speed also changed in the range of (0-3000 rpm). All these parameters have investigated for two cases (balanced and unbalanced fan). The performance parameters of the fan were found experimentally by measuring the fan, volume flow rate, Reynolds and Strouhal numbers, efficiency and pressure head. Analytical part was also represented to prepare

أصبح أحمد فتحي سرور رئيساً لمجلس الشعب المصري في نهاية عام 1990، وبرز دوره السياسي والاداري في تنظيم وادارة جلسات مجلس الشعب المصري اذ ناقش في أول جلسة للمجلس البرنامج الحكومي الذي أهتم بشكل كبير بالبناء الاقتصادي والحرية السياسية.

لعب فتحي دوراً كبيراً في توجيه المجلس نحو تحقيق الانجازات المهمة والحاسمة في البناء والتقدم والتحديث ومثل النموذج الفاعل في اتساع الرؤية نحو ارساء ركائز المستقبل في مصر بحكم

هذه الدراسة محاولة جادة لمعرفة الاثر الذي تركته إحدى المدن الاندلسية الكثيرة والمتعددة إبان الحكم الاسلامي عليها ، ومدينة لرية الأندلسية واحدة من هذا الارث الحضاري الذي خرجت به شأنها في ذلك شأن العديد من المدن الاندلسية والحواضر الاسلامية في المشرق والمغرب ، ولما كانت تلك المدن زاخرة برجال تميزوا بعلومهم المختلفة في التخصصات والنوعيات فذلك ما أرادت الدراسة تبيانه والوقوف عليه في تاريخ الاندلس الحضاري (92-8

       تعد الاعوام الاخيرة من عمر الحكم الملكي في العراق من أهم مراحل تاريخ العراق الحديث السياسية، إذ لعبت التحولات التي شهدها الواقع الداخلي العراقي ، دوراً مهماً في انهيار نظام الحكم الملكي مدفوعاً بالتغيرات الكثيرة على المستوى العربي والاقليمي، والعالمي، وفي بحثنا هذا سنتطرق إلى : الاجتماع الأخير لمجلس الاعيان في العراق (1957-1958)دراسة تاريخية، مبينين آراء ومواقف الأعيان في  مجلس

يبحث هذا العمل في النشاط السياسي لليهود في المغرب خلال منتصف الستينيات، وهي مرحلة شهدت تحولات حساسة في ظل اعتلاء الملك الحسن الثاني العرش، وتنامي التداعيات الإقليمية المرتبطة بالصراع العربي ـ «الإسرائيلي». يكشف البحث عن استمرار الدولة المغربية في تأكيد هوية المواطنة المشتركة وحماية حقوق اليهود، في وقت حاولت فيه الدعاية الصهيونية استغلال الظروف الداخلية لدفع اليهود نحو الهجرة وإحداث قطيعة بينهم وبين محي

   Study was conducted on 149 case of cross breed bovine dystocia referred to Department of Theriogenology,

This research highlights the light on the general framework of accounting discloser in the Islamic banks, and show the types and the concepts of Cost Efficiency, In this present study, the sample included Fourteen Islamic banks, where the data was collected from the annual financial reports. Accordingly, the study in order to achieve the aims and access to the results based on the analytical method and the descriptive analysis, and conducted a Simple & Multiple Linear Regression analysis, in order to test hypotheses of the research by using of statistical analysis software (SPSS). The research has arrived to many results such as: the commitment of Islamic banks working in the Kingdome of Bahrain (Wholesale) to the requirements of the