تهدف الدراسة إلى تحديد فعالية النياسين A و الزيت الطيار لأكليل الجبل في الجسم الحي لفئران التجارب على بكتريا B. cereus المعزولة من اللحوم المعلبة في المختبر. أظهرت النتائج فعالية اكليل الجبل بتركيز (2000 ميكروغرام / مل) والنياسين A (350 ميكروغرام / مل) اذ بلغت  27 و 19 ملم قطر المنطقة المثبطة على التوالي بأستخدام طريقة الانتشا

تعد قواقع المياة العذبة من نوع Radix auricularia المضيف المتوسط الرئيسي لديدان الكبد العملاقة في وسط وجنوب العراق. بعض الدراسات اشارت مؤخرا الى عدم وجود هذه القواقع في العراق وبالاخص في محافظة البصرة. لهذا هدفت الدراسة الحالية الى استخدام تحليل المعلومات الحيوية في تحديد نوع Radix وتحديد الصفات المظهرية لهذا النوع الذي جمع من نهر السويب في محافظة البصرة. جمع 400 قوقع م

تهدف الدراسة التحري عن تأثير رش حامض السالسليك باربعة تراكيز (1250 , 2500 , 5000 , مايكرمول لتر^-1 ) في تحسين التركيب الكيميائي للنبات والفعالية الضد ميكروبية ومضادات الاكسدة . أظهرت النتائج حصول زيادة معنوية في محتوى النبات من سليبينين , سليفباين أ و سليباين ب للنباتات المعاملة بتراكيز من السالسليك و لغاية التركيز 5000 مايكرومول لتر ^-1 . كما سجلت فعالية ضد مايكروبية بزيادة تراكيز السالسليك . أوضحت النتائ

أصبحت السيطرة على تلوث المياه العادمة ذات أهمية متزايدة في السنوات الأخيرة. لا يشكل إطلاق الأصباغ في البيئة سوى نسبة صغيرة من تلوث المياه ، ولكن الأصباغ مرئية بكميات صغيرة بسبب تألقها. في هذه الدراسة تم عزل طحالب Spirulina subsalsa  و Scenedesmus ecornis من جناروك و طق طق في مدينة كويا و قدرتها على امتصاص الأصباغ المختلفة. وأجريت دراسات دفعة في ج

تهدف التجربة لدراسة التراكم الاحيائي للمبيدات ومؤشرات تأثيراتها الملوثة للتربة.   اشتملت الدراسة على ستة عشر بيتا بلاستيكيا مدفئا ومخصصا لنبات الخيار في قرى سهل اربيل. جمعت عينات التربة في أكياس النايلون المُعلمة مسبقًا خلال آب ٢٠١٧ وآذار ٢٠١٨. اظهرت نتائج وجود قيم عامل التلوث (CF) لنماذج التربة وجود المعادن الثقيلة في الحقول المدروسة بنسب مختلفة تتراوح بين التلوث المنخ

Moina  macrocopa is a natural feed that can be cultured to producing ephippia as a bioproduct for fish and shrimp larvae feed. The number of males in the population affects the quality and quantity of ephippia produced.  This study was conducted with the purpose of examining the female age in M. macrocopa mating and examining the ratio male-female M. macrocopa in the mating on the quantity and quality of ephippia produced.  The treatment

The study was conducted to examine the effect of surface burn severity (Moderate, Severe and Unburned) of wheat straw on soil properties. The results showed statistical differences in some soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Bulk density and field capacity increased statistically by the severity of fire; however, porosity and infiltration rate were statistically lower in sever burned plot when compared to unburned plot. The chemical properties, soil organic matter (SOM), P, Ca, S, Cl, K, Mo, Fe and As were not affected by the fire. The pH value was increased slightly by increasing the fire severity, while, EC was decreased when compared with the unburned plot. It was found a statistical reduction in the number of b

Transcription factors, enhancers, promoters, and translation of genetic code is still in a wide argument of different views in many living organisms for their poorly characterized at the molecular level. It was shown that the coexistence of high mono – methylation levels of lysine 4 of histone H3 is considered a signature of enhancers. Gene expression could be altered by epigenetic and some biotic and abiotic stresses. Some sugars, hormones or amino acids could also alter gene expression. However, some investigators have shown that increased methylation  at promoters was associated with down – regulated protein – coding gene expression . In genomic DNA methylation levels, it was found 24 nt small RNAs only were correla

The study was conducted to investigate the impact of Ca(NO₃)₂ on  different levels of salt-stress in date palm. Three-years-old date palm plants were subjected to four NaCl levels: 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM. The saline solutions were supplemented with 0, 5, 10 and 20 mM Ca(NO₃)₂. The combined NaCl/Ca(NO₃)₂ treatments were conducted over a period of 10 weeks. Control plants were only subjected to the four salinity levels with no Ca (NO₃)₂ addition. Results showed an inhibitory effect of salinity on almost all plants' parameters under inve

This study was aimed to investigate the Open Reading Frame-112 (ORF-112) gene, which encoded for a hypothetical 218 amino acids protein in Streptomyces bacteria. A complete ORF-112 gene was synthesized, with addition of a 6xHis-Tag at the N-terminal location. The synthesized DNA nucleotides were sub-cloned into bacterial expression plasmid pBAT4. The pBAT4-ORF-112 plasmid transformed in bacterial cells BL21(De3)pLysS, intended for protein over expression, induced by isopropyl β- d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The IMAC affinity chromatography technique was deployed for protein purifications. Highly-purified fractions of ORF-112 were achieved by using affinity Ni⁺⁺-columns. The purified ORF-

This study was aimed to use composite magnetic plaster kiln dust (MPKD) as a novel low-cost adsorbent reused of by-product plaster kiln dust (PKD) that was considered a source of air pollution. The removal efficiency of cadmium (II) ions was studied as a function of pH (4-7), MPKD mass (0.5- 8 g/L), initial ion concentration (50- 350 mg/L), and shaking time (5- 180 min). The adsorption kinetics of the MPKD was detected as chemical sorption due to the experimental uptake data best fitted with the pseudo-second-order model, also the intraparticle diffusion of ions did not significantly exert effects on the adsorption. The maximum adsorption uptake was 48 mg/g depen

This study was aimed to determining a fitted forecasting method for the forecasting of crude palm oil prices at international and domestic market as well as fresh fruit bunch prices at collecting merchant and farmer level in Bengkulu Province market by considering three models, namely, double exponential smoothing, autoregressive integrated moving average, and classical decomposition.  The data used were monthly data of crude palm oil prices at domestic and world markets from January 2012 – October 2016 and January 2012 – April 2017, whi

This study was conducted to estimate the effect of adding different levels of turmeric powder and curcumin on broiler performance, carcass traits, and immunity response and jejunum histology. A total of 750 Ross day old chicks obtained from a local hatchery and distributed into two rearing conditions (normal and heat stress condition) with five treatments 3 replicate for each one had (25 chicks). Dietary supplements of turmeric powder and curcumin significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved performance under normal and heat stress conditions. Moreover, treatments significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the total titter antibody against Newcastle and infectious bursal disease compared to control. Concerning histology of jejunum treatments si

This research was aimed to reveal the level of wheat crop productivity in Iraq by forecasting it using Markov chains for the period 2019-2022 , also exploring ways to improve the productivity of the crop under investigation by studying recent predictive values that are mainly based on previous data not far away.  The problem of the study is the low productivity of wheat crop and its failure to achieve levels comparable to global and regional productivity. As long as it represents a permanent problem, this calls for concern that casts a shadow on other aspects such as self-sufficiency in this crop and endangering food security at risk. The results showed a continued decrease in the productivity of the wheat crop due to the su

This research was aimed to study the problems related to fish farming and the risks that they face.  Diyala Governorate was chosen as an applied model for measuring risk facing fish farmers. Research data were collected according to the random sample method, which included (30%) of all fish farming projects in Diyala Governorate. This sample has included 28% of the total fish farming projects in fish ponds and (31.5%) of the total Fish farming projects in cages through a questionnaire prepared for this purpose. The study focused on analyzing the behavior of fish farmers of the research sample towards risks by adopting a safety model in the form of the risk avoidance criterion (K_(s)(.The production functions for fi

This study included the application of some experiments in the chemical treatment of some heavy metals elements by preparing biological surfaces that are adsorbed from natural and other chemical substances, as in preparing activated carbon prepared from charred pistachio shell with concentrated H₂SO₄ and Nano-Calcium Oxide prepared from CaCL₂.2H₂O with NaOH . The prepared materials were diagnosed with spectral techniques where the FTIR infrared spectrum proved the formation of carbonyl, hydrogen and oxygenated of the surface in activated charcoal and the hydroxyl and calcium oxide groups in the nano-calcium oxide, as the FE-SEM surface

This work was designed to study the free and immobilized partial purified lovastatin in various applications. The results of HMG-CoA reductase inhibition showed enzyme inhibition at 10 mM of standard and partial purified lovastatin with specific activity 0.056 and 0.062 U/mg protein respectively, compared with specific activity 0.277 U/mg protein without inhibitor. The results of the thermal stability and storage time on lovastatin for inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase demonstrated that the standard and partial purified lovastatin were stabled in t

The research aimed at analyzing the structure of agricultural employment in Iraq as well as analyzing the current status of economic variables related to agricultural employment during the period 1990-2017, including the agricultural workforce, agricultural wages, agricultural investment and agricultural GDP. In the achievement of its objectives, the research relied on descriptive and quantitative analysis, as well as the use of some modern econometric  methods in estimating models. The results using the ARDL methodology in the analysis indicate a long-term relationship between the volume of agricultural employment and each of the explanatory variables included in the model, which are (agricultural GDP, agricultural investme

This study aimed to determine the most important factors affecting importing of table eggs in Iraq for the period 2003 - 2018. To achieve the objectives the analysis phase was divided into two parts, the first was to measure factors affecting the importing of table eggs in order to obtain a mathematical relationship between the dependent variable (imports) and the independent variables represented by the local price of table eggs and the price limits for table eggs, the exchange rate, the national income, the population, the local production of table eggs, and  the number of table egg projects. The second stage was to predict for the period (2019-2025) using the simple regression method. The results showed that the continuou

  The  objectives of the research are to determine the optimal allocation of resources available to the general company for food products using a linear programming(LP) technique to obtain high levels of production and high levels of profits by maximizing the value of the objective function and increasing the profitability of the company, and conducting a sensitivity analysis to see the extent of changes in the optimum commodity composition in terms of quality and quantity with the level of profits in a manner commensurate with the requirements of growth in the company , the study based on the  use of (LP)technique to determine the optimum production plan with the highest net income  for the p

The demand for livestock products (dairy, meat, eggs) is characterized by a continuous increase in its basic importance as well as being essential in the prevailing food pattern domestically. The livestock sector suffers from a problem of poor funding and the investor’s inability to compete for several reasons, the most important of which is the high interest on loans granted by institutions. Borrowing, and since the project needs large capital, it will make the investor a loser without any doubt. The demand for livestock products is characterized by a continuous increase in its basic importance and its entry as a major component of the prevailing food pattern locally. With the exception of the governorates of Nineveh and Salah

Cladophora and Spirulina algae biomass have been used for the removal of Tetracycline (TC) antibiotic from aqueous solution. Different operation conditions were varied in batch process, such as initial antibiotic concentration, different biomass dosage and type, contact time, agitation speed, and initial pH. The result showed that the maximum removal efficiencies by using 1.25 g/100 ml Cladophora and 0.5 g/100 ml Spirulina algae biomass were 95% and 94% respectively. At the optimum experimental condition of temperature 25°C, initial TC concentration 50 mg/l, contact time 2.5hr, agitation speed 200 rpm and pH 6.5. The characteriz

This study was conducted at the Badi Hatchery and poultry house / department of animal production / College of Agriculture engineering science/ University of Duhok. The aim of study was to investigate the effect of different administration methods of vitamin AD3E to hatching eggs on hatchability and post hatch productive performance and some physiological parameter of broiler. A total of one thousand and two hundred fifty (1250) hatched eggs were distributed into five groups each groups 250 eggs. The experimental treatments were as the follow: T1 (Control), T2 (sham control)(injected with 0.1 ml normal saline), T3 (injected with 0.1 ml of vitamin AD3E dissolved in 5 ml of vitamin in 1 ml of water) T4 (Spraying vitamin AD3E 1 ml /

Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogen that causes infectious diseases in animals. It is one of the causal agents causing abortion in infected cows. This study was conducted to detect listeria monocytogenes in aborted cows. Also to estimate the role of the milk in the distribution of the pathogen by detecting the bacteria in milk of aborted cows as well as in raw milk from the market of Salahudeen province. The study includes 46 aborted cows from which 46 milk samples were taken to detect the causative agents. Also 38 vaginal swabs were taken from the same aborted cows and 8 samples from fetuses. 30 raw milk samples were also taken from market at Salahudeen province. The results s

This study was conducted at the college of agriculture – Al-Qasim Green University to investigate the effect of breed and age of dams on several growth traits of two sheep breeds, including 123 Iraqi Awassi and 78 Iranian Karakul breeds. Variables growth traits were examined in the present study, namely body weight (BW), body length (BL), wither height (WH), rump height (RH), and chest circumference (CC), and abdominal circumference (AC). Results indicated the absence of a significant effect between both breeds in all investigated growth traits in birth. Meanwhile, a significant (P<0.05) superiority of Karakul over Awassi was detected in month-3 in three growth traits (BW, WH, and RH), and in month-6, in four growth traits (BW, WH,

This study was aimed to investigate weeds kind in palm plantations. Date palm is the most chief economic crop in most countries of the Arabian Peninsula. Many factors, such as the presence of weeds, may cause a huge loss in the production of dates. Despite the severe damage caused by the presence of some weeds in agroecosystems, many weeds have many medicinal and economic uses. A total of 62 species were listed in palm Plantations in Tabuk and Al-Qassim Regions. A total of 51 species were listed in Tabuk Region (The number of unique species in the Tabuk Region reached 32 that not recorded in Al-Qassim Region. Also, 19 species were recorded in both of Tabuk and Al-Qassim Regions). A total of 30 weeds were listed i

The main objective of this study is to compute margin of safety of hiring decision of agricultural machinery services in Iraq. A cost-volume-profit analysis by using breakeven point technique has been followed to find out the margin of safety by using cross- section data in rice production farms in Alnajaf province. Results showed that the break-even point for different types of original agricultural field machinery were 427, 6.5, and 221 hours for tractor and machinery of soil preparation, farm sprayer, and combine harvester, respectively, while the values of break-even point for different types of used agricultural field machinery were 309, 10, and 319 hours for tractor, farm sprayer, and combine harvester, in that order. Resul

An efficient protocol for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of tomato cultivars Sandra and Rocky was conducted to examine the possibility of producing transgenic tomato plants cultivars harbouring the nptII gene, conferring kanamycin resistance. To achieve this aim, tomato cotyledon explants were transformed using EHA105 Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain harboring the binary vectors pBI121 which contains Gus gene, and neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) as selectable marker gene under the control of a CaMV35S promoter and nopaline synthase (nos) Terminator. Transformant detection was carried out in three distinct ways. First antibiotic selection, Kanamyc

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of combining sawdust (SD), filter cake (FC) and calcium carbonate as growth medium for the production of white oyster mushroom. Isolate F2 oyster mushroom was cultured on malt extract agar (MEA) and used in the experiment. The culture medium consisted of two treatments: first, A trea

During the filed survey of   140-160 kilometers region and on both sides of the highway west of Ramadi city in the western desert district of Iraq, and in late spring of 2019, confirmed the recorded of the Ogastemma genus for the first time in Iraq, which was characterized by being a monotypic genus belonging to Boraginaceae family and represented by Ogastemma pusillum. After the identification of the species, which was based on the Flora of the neighboring countries, the species was studied taxonomically. The study worked on describing and photographing all the vegetative and floral parts, anatomy of stem, stomatal complex in leaves, and pollen grains. The plant specimens were preserved under the numb