The present investigation is concerned with the spectral characterization by laser-induced bioluminescence spectroscopy (LIBS) of neem (Azadirachta indica) generated plasma, which is one of the most versatile and fast methods for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of various chemical elements, in organic as well as organic materials. Sample excitation and plasma formation were achieved using a pulsed energy laser (50, 100, 150, and 200 mJ). Finally, the emitted spectrum was analyzed in the framework of the Boltzmann and Saha equations for obtaining the plasma temperature and electron density. The influence of the laser power on the spectral parameters, for example, spectral line intensity, electron temperature, and electron de

This research is considered the first of its kind in this sector of the river for more than three decades and aims to evaluate the diversity, abundance, richness and spatiotemporal variations of Cladocera within Samarra Impoundment water. The samples of these crustaceans were collected from three sites in the impoundment every two months between February 2023 and December 2024. We identified 19 taxa belonging to five Cladocerian families. The most abundant genera were Alona sp., Bosmina sp., Chydorus sp., Ceriodaphnia sp., Diaphanosoma sp., Daphnia sp. and Moina sp. The minimum and maximum densities were observed in spring and winter, respectively. The average values for even

The emphasis of the world on sustainable water quality and frequent monitoring of pollutants has grown greater to protect public health and biodiversity, aimed at limiting human activities that lead to water pollution and conserving water resources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of pollution and concentrations of different heavy metals in sediment and water samples taken from four locations along the Tigris River at Baghdad City, Iraq, during 2024. In order to investigate the variations in conditions between the wet and dry seasons, samples were collected during each. Among the elements under analysis were lead, nickel, chromium, zinc, and iron. The samples were analyzed for heavy metals using Atomic Absorption S

This study used wild barbines  (Bacopa Monnieri)  to control the southern cowpea beetle (Callosobruchus maculatus) and their effects on cowpea beetle eggs. Alcoholic extracts and nanocapsules were used at different concentrations, with the alcohol extract being 1000, 2000, and 3000 PPM. Eight out of ten eggs were unhatched, and two hatched, indicating that the 3000 concentrations had the highest egg toxicity rate. Regarding saponins at the same concentrations, the 3000 concentrations had the best results, whereas the 1000 and 2000 concentrations produced poorer results. Additionally, it was discovered that saponins had a stronger effect than terpenes. The nanocapsule concentrations that affected the Callosobruchus maculatus beetle's eg

This study conducted a thorough analysis of changes in land cover components of the Lake Hamrin area, located within Diyala Governorate, Iraq, focusing on the influence of human and climatic factors. Human variables included the rate of water release from the Darbandikhan Dam, while climatic factors encompassed fluctuations in temperature and annual rainfall. These factors significantly impact the lake, the largest body of water in the region, and other land cover components, leading to disruptions in the overall ecological balance.

Two satellite images from 2024 were analyzed for this research, representing two distinct seasonal periods: the first image was captured in April, following the conclusion of the rainy season, while th

The presence and distribution of phytoplankton algae, which are related to water properties, are affected by these factors. Non-diatomic algae samples were collected during the autumn season in 2024-2025 from three sites on the Tigris River, including the Samarra pharmaceutical industry, woolen spinning factory, and paper waste landfill, to identify algae resistant to dye pollution. The study found slight temperature variations in three sites, with the highest temperature in the first site being 23.62 ºC and the lowest in the second site being 20.67 ºC. The water was found to be alkaline, with slightly reduced pH values at the first site. The electrical conductivity (EC) values were high, with the highest rate in the first site at 956.

Benzimidazole is a bicyclic heterocyclic aromatic compound that contains a combination of a six-membered ring and a five-membered ring with two nitrogen atoms. The current study aims to combine these two moieties to identify new benzimidazole-based 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives. In this work, the preparation of new benzimidazole-containing substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles 3-16 has been described using a five-step process. The S_N2 displacement reaction between benzimidazole and bromoacetic acid afforded the corresponding acid 1 in an 87% yield. Product 1 was treated with thionyl chloride to furnish the desired acid chloride form of 1. The next step involved the nucleophilic addition of hydrazine hydrate (99%) to the acid chloride d

Styrene acrylic polymer (SAP) coatings protect materials from damage. Their performance can be enhanced by adding microscopic materials such as carbon black (CB), which improves their surface energy and hardness. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of carbon black at concentrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20% using the casting method. SAP films with varying weight percentages of carbon black were prepared. The mixture was magnetically stirred at 25°C for 1 hour, then stirred in an ultrasonic bath for 30 minutes, poured into a 20 cm diameter mold, and dried at room temperature for 24 hours. The adhesion strength peaked at a 5% CB concentration, reaching approximately 590. However, higher concentrations caused a significant decrease in a

Nanoparticle (NP)-based polymer nanocomposites have received significant attention in recent years, particularly those based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). This study aims to synthesize and characterize of nanocomposites derived from grafted CMC. Because of the presence of polar functional groups, such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, in CMC, which contribute significantly to its strong adsorption capacity in metal structures, some research has indicated that this CMC is effective as a corrosion inhibitor, especially after being coated with NPs, as it protects metal surfaces from corrosion and helps them create a protective layer. In this study, nanocomposites derived from grafted CMC were synthesized. Initial CMC underwent a reaction

Synthesis and characterization of a Schiff base ligand (HL), derived from ((E)-3-((4-acetylphenyl)diazenyl)-2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde) with 1-amino-4-nitrobenzene in a one-to-one molar ratio. This study aims to synthesize and characterize HL. Subsequently, the interaction of ligand with different metal ions involving chromium (III), manganese (II) and cobalt (II) in the ratio of one ligand to one metal, resulted in the isolation of tetra and hexa-coordinate monomeric compound have been fully characterized using analytical methods and spectroscopic methods involve elemental microanalysis, ¹H and ¹³C (NMR), (FT-IR) spectroscopy, as well as electronic spectra and magnetic moment magnetic susceptibility along with mass

Constructing two-dimensional (2D) composites using layered materials is considered a practical approach to achieving high-efficiency photocatalysts. This study aims to prepare manganese oxide nanoparticles (NPs) from the aqueous extract of thyme leaves, characterize them by spectroscopic methods, and bridge the gap by developing an environmentally friendly, photostable coating and evaluating its efficiency in degrading the methylene blue (MB) dye under sunlight, suitable for practical water treatment applications. In this work, a 2D nano-photocatalytic coating of Mn₃O₄:Ag was developed for the efficient removal of organics and pollutants from water under sunlight. The method involves synthesizing a photocatalytic na

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the causes of serious diseases that cause a wide range of infections, including urinary, skin, and respiratory infections. Thus, it has shown strains resistant to antibiotics, so that studying the molecular basis of virulence in staphylococcal bacteria becomes more important. The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of teicoplanin-associated genes (A, B, R) in        S. aureus bacteria taken from clinical samples by PCR technique. 25 clinical samples from patients with respiratory diseases, skin ulcers, and urinary tract infections were collected from Yarmouk Teaching Hospital for a period ranging from October 2024 to January 2025. The presence of       

Thin films of ZnO1-xAgOx nanostructures were successfully deposited on glass substrates using pulsed laser deposition with varying AgO nanoparticle concentrations. Structural and optical characterizations were performed to evaluate the effect of AgO incorporation. XRD patterns confirmed a hexagonal polycrystalline structure, with additional peaks for cubic silver or silver oxide due to AgO inclusion. Crystal size slightly increased at x = 0.05 and 0.25, indicating enhanced growth, while it decreased at other ratios due to lattice strain and defects. FTIR analysis showed Zn–O stretching modes, hydroxyl, carbon-based groups, and Ag–O bands, confirming successful incorporation. AFM results revealed reduced surface roughness with low AgO

Abstract   

      The algorithms has a great role to find zeroes of metric projection point , fixed point and common fixed point in Hilbert space .It is well known that the metric projection mapping plays important role in Fixed point theory , Differential Equations, Optimization theory and Variational Inequality problem. The success, effectiveness, speed and superiority of iterative methods over other approximate methods depend on two important factors: The first is the number of iterations, and the second is time. In this paper, we introduce new iterative, it has been generalized to a number of algorithms, such as the algorithm used in27, which is considered a generalization of the Ishikawa's iteration algorithm. We use fam

The modal properties of optical fibers were calculated at core radii (1.45–5.05) µm in 1.20 µm increments. In this work, the calculation was performed at a wavelength of 1.030 µm using the RP Fiber Calculator software (free version 2025). The results demonstrated that when the core radius is comparable wavelength, the fiber supports only the fundamental mode, indicating single-mode operation; whereas larger core radii lead to multimode behavior. The study involved analyzing optical properties of step index fibers with core and cladding refractive indices of  = 1.469 and  = 1.46, respectively. The computed properties included the cut-off wavelength, effective area, power in the core, effective refractive index, and propagation cons

Coumarin derivatives have shown different biological activities, such as antifungal, antibacterial   antiinflammatory, and antioxidant activities, besides antibiotic resistance modulating effects, and anti-HIV, hepatoprotective, and antitumor effect. So, new coumarin derivatives (hydrazones and an amide) were synthesized through multisteps reactions. All the synthesized target compounds were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, 1HNMR analysis. The compounds then evaluated for their anti-bacterial activity by means of well-diffusion method against two gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae) and two gram-negative bacteria  (E.coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The highest activity was demonstr

         Seventy five E. coli isolates were collected from urine of patients with urinary tract infections in AL-Kadhimia and AL-Yarmook teaching hospitals in Baghdad for a period between 22/11/2009 to 15/3/2010,  from these samples twenty five isolates were selected according to their pattern of the highest resistance as these showing multi-drug resistances and tested to specify their minimum inhibitory concentration for (meropenem, gentamicin and amikacin), meropenem was found having the lowest MIC comparing with others. This study also includes in vitro effects of various combinations of three types of antimicrobials (meropenem, gentamicin and amikacin) against twenty five E. c

Sustainable vegetative management plays a significant role in improving soil quality in degraded agricultural landscapes by enhancing soil microbial biomass. This study investigated the effects of grass buffers (GBs), biomass crops (BCs), grass waterways (GWWs), and agroforestry buffers (ABs) on soil microbial biomass and soil organic C (SOC) compared with continuous corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation (row crop [RC]) on claypan soils. The RC, AB, GB, GWW, and BC treatments were established in 1991, 1997, 1997, 1997, and 2012, respectively, and are located at Greenley Memorial Research Center in Missouri. Soil samples were collected in May 2018 from the 0‐ to

Diyala River is a tributary of Tigris River, it is one of the important rivers in Iraq. It covers a total distance of 445 km (275 miles). 32600 km²is the area that drains by Diyala River between Iraqi-Iranian borders. This research aims to evaluate the water quality index WQI of Diyala River, where three stations were chosen along the river. These stations are D12 at Jalawlaa City at the beginning of Diyala River, the second station is D15 at Baaquba City at the mid distance of the river, and the third station is D17 which is the last station before the confluence of Diyala River with Tigris River at Baghdad city. Bhargava method was used in order to evaluate the water quality index for both irrigation and drink

Flow-production systems whose pieces are connected in a row may not have maintenance scheduling procedures fixed because problems occur at different times (electricity plants, cement plants, water desalination plants). Contemporary software and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are used to fulfill the research objectives by developing a predictive maintenance program. The data of the fifth thermal unit of the power station for the electricity of Al Dora/Baghdad are used in this study. Three stages of research were conducted. First, missing data without temporal sequences were processed. The data were filled using time series hour after hour and the times were filled as system working hours, making the volume of the data relativel

Colloidal silver nanoparticles were prepared by single step green synthesis using aqueous extracts of the leaves of thyme as a function of different molar concentration of AgNO₃ (1,2,3,4 mM(. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), UV-Visible and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the resultant AgNPs. The surface Plasmon resonance was observed at wavelength of 444 nm. The four intensive peaks of XRD pattern indicate the crystalline nature and the face centered cubic structure of the AgNPs. The average crystallite size of the AgNPs ranged from 18 to 22 nm. The FESEM image illustrated the well dispersion of the AgNPs and the spherical shape of the nanoparticles with a particle size distribution be

This study aimed to identify the effect of resistance training on the biomechanics and accuracy of serve receiving skills in volleyball. The research community was composed of 26 young volleyball players of Baghdad volleyball clubs. A total of 4 players were selected for the preliminary experiment, while 14 participants were recruited as the main sample for the study. In the present study, a set of resistance exercises were designed by the researchers for the volleyball players of the sample. Exercises were performed by the sample participants during the course of study. The biomechanical variables considered in the present study were: Preparation moment (shoulder joint angle, hip angle, knee joint angle), moment of pr

Cadmium Oxide and Bi doped Cadmium Oxide thin films are prepared by using the chemical spray pyrolysis technique a glass substrate at a temperature of (400?C) with volumetric concentration (2,4)%. The thickness of all prepared films is about (400±20) nm. Transmittance and Absorbance spectra are recorded in the wave length ranged (400-800) nm. The nature of electronic transitions is determined, it is found out that these films have directly allowed transition with an optical energy gap of (2.37( eV for CdO and ) 2.59, 2.62) eV for (2% ,4%) Bi doped CdO respectively. The optical constants have been evaluated before and after doping.

            Spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of copper(II) ion. Synthesized (2,2[O-Tolidine-4,4-bis azo]bis[4,5-diphenyl imidazole]) (MBBAI) was used as chromogenic reagent at pH=5. Various factors affecting complex formation, such as, pH effect, reagent concentration, time effect and temperature effect, have been considered and studied. Under optimum conditions concentration ranged from (5.00-80.00) µg/mL of copper(II) obeyed Beer`s Low. Maximum absorption of the complex was 409nm with molar absorpitivity 0.127x10⁴ L mol^-1 cm^-1. Limit of detection(LOD) and Limit of quantification were 1.924 and 6.42 μg/mL, respectively.

The aim of our study was to investigate the antiviral activity of the Corchorus olitorius family Tiliaceae cultivated in Iraq against measles virus, and to demonstrate an overview about chemical constituents and pharmacological activity of Corchorus olitorius L.

About150 gm Leaves of Corchorus. olitorius were defatted by maceration in hexane for 24 hrs. The defatted plant materials were subjected for extraction after filtration using Soxhlet apparatus, with aqueous methanol 85% as a solvent extraction for 24 hours, the extract was filtered, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to get a dry extract of about 12 gm. About 4 gm from the residue was suspended in 100

The coronavirus-pandemic has a major impact on women's-mental and physical-health. Polycystic-ovary-syndrome (PCOS) has a high-predisposition to many cardiometabolic-risk factors that increase susceptibility to severe complications of COVID-19 and also exhibit an increased likelihood of subfertility. The study includes the extent of the effect of COVID-19-virus on renin-levels, glutathione-s-transferase-activity and other biochemical parameters in PCOS-women. The study included 120 samples of ladies that involved: 80 PCOS-patients, and 40 healthy-ladies. Both main groups were divided into subgroups based on COVID-19 infected or not. Blood-samples were collected from PCOS-patients in Kamal-Al-Samara Hospital, at the period between Decembe