The aim of this paper is to find the inequivalent k-sets in the finite projective line of order thirty-two, PG(1,32). The number of projectively distinct 4-set is five and all of them are of type N(neither harmonic nor equianharmonic). The k-sets, k=4,…,11 have been done, where the number of projectively distinct are 5,11,53,148,481,1240,2964,6049, respectively. The k-sets k=12,..,17 classified depending on the projectively distinct 11-sets whose have non-trivial subgroups only, where the numbers of projectively distinct are 493,5077,2583,288,2412,697. The stabilizer group of each k-sets is computed. The kind of groups that computed for the k-sets are I, Z_2, Z_3, V_4, S_3, Z_2×Z_2×Z_2, Z_2×Z_2×Z_2×Z_2 and the large group is the d

Antibiotic resistance has dramatically increased among UTI patients with UPEC infections. They are crucial to the pathophysiology of UTIs because UPEC invades the bladder through a variety of virulence factors. Afa adhesins are produced by human-derived Echerichia coli and have been shown to bind to the (DAF, CD55) as a receptor, while Yqi adhesin recreates a denotative role in colonization, the initial stage of pathogenesis, during infection with E.coli . E.coli isolates from 200 urine samples of credible UTI patients were detected. By employing different media, VITEK, and the biochemical identification. Susceptibility to the Ciprofloxacin antibiotic was established by using the disc diffusion approach, while

Using B-cubic spline base, the numerical solutions of optimal control of dynamical systems of fractional-order have been examined. In order to determine the dynamical system's control function through time whilst optimizing an objective optimal function. There are numerous applications for the optimal control system in science, engineering and the one branch of applied mathematics operations research. The primary goal of this study is to approximate the numerical solutions for a fractional-order optimal control systems in both free and non-free terminal time (TT). The collocation approach considers a numerical solution to this problem by using a B-cubic spline base. A numerical comparison has been introduced between the analytical soluti

     Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. It may be due to impaired insulin secretion, resistance to insulin's peripheral actions, or both. The aim of this study was to estimate the percentage impact of obesity on the incidence of DM, as well as compare the levels of Apelin-36, glutathione-S-transferase, and insulin resistance (IR) in subjects with and without DM for both sexes. This study included 120 subjects, divided into 60 as a control group and 60 as a patient group of both sexes; all were adults between the ages of 30 and 65. The participants with fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), apelin-36, body mass index, insulin hor

In this work, the conditions of the occurrence of the local bifurcation (such as saddle-node, trans critical ,and pitchfork) of all steady points of a food chain model. With fear and Growly-Martin functional response have been established. It is observed that there is a trans critical and  pitchfork bifurcations near each of  , where as a saddle-node bifurcation near the positive equilibrium point have been occurred. Finally, numerical simulation was used to illustrate the occurrence of the bifurcation of the proposed model.

Crude oil is known globally as one of the major causes of environmental pollution. This chemical compound exerts exhausting impacts on cultivable lands and water surfaces, leading to profound damage to agriculture and aquatic life. Over the years, several bioremediation approaches have evolved to manage this pollution problem properly. A phylum of microorganisms known as cyanobacteria offers an efficient alternative to established bioremediation methods. We conducted the present study to investigate the effectiveness of cyanobacteria in eliminating residual total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH). Synechococcus algae treated three concentrations of crude oil (0.6, 1.8, and 3 ppm) over four time periods (on days 3, 6, 9, and 12). The g

In this paper, point estimation method for parameters α and λ of the parameters of the Exponential-Rayleigh distribution have been estimated by the use of a simulation technique by using two Bayesian estimation methods; the first Bayesian method of estimation consists of Lindely approximation estimation method and the second Bayesian estimation method consists Tierney and kadane approximation estimation method to estimate all the unknown parameters (α,λ) of Exponential-Rayleigh distribution. Comparisons between these two methods were made by employing mean squares error criterion. Applying a simulation technique with different sample sizes, these methods are being compared.

This paper introduces a new model with two parameters titled “Shanker Weibull distribution". This distribution is obtained by merging the Shanker distribution with a scale of one parameter and the Weibull distribution with a shape parameter. First, we present the mathematical structure of the new distribution, which depends on the survival function for each of the Shanker and Weibull distributions. The statistical functions of this new distribution are presented, such as the cumulative, probability density, hazard and survival functions. In addition, we discuss the behavior of the probability density function and the hazard function by mxamining their shape. We also present the statistical properties of this distribution, which include

One of the generalizations of the usual metric function is b-metric, which allows the researchers a wider aria to derive many results and applications regarding the fixed point theory.  This aim of the article is to advance new three fixed point principles in complete b-metric space  instance  is continuous function in two variables. Here, there are three directions to prove existence and uniqueness of fixed point. First, deriving a result in sense of Branciari’s theorem by combining integral contractive conditions with the idea of cyclic map. Second, applying the notion of cyclic representation regarding maps satisfying general weak conditions including an altering distance function to simulate the cont

In the last decades, functional differential equations have attracted the attention of many researchers; they were interested in the theory and its applications. The most common differential equations of functional type are advanced, neutral, and delay DEs. The theory of oscillatory DEs with retarded arguments has a paramount effect on the qualitative properties of DEs. It is essential to deduce conditions for oscillatory and non-oscillatory solutions. The objective of this paper is to obtain oscillatory conditions for differential equations with retarded arguments. So, the oscillatory behavior has been considered in the nonlinear differential equations (DEs) of neutral type with three delays. Some important conditions of all functions h

We studied in this investigation the changes of the continuous conductivity of the electricity (σ_d.c) due to substituting part of Selenium with Lead in an S₆₀-Se_40-X-Pb_X alloy at weight ratios x = 0, 10, 20, and 30. Our investigation includes an examination of σ_d.c. mechanisms in chalcogenide semiconductors and governing the equations of the continuous D.C. electrical conductivity, and the application of these measured characteristics of S₆₀-Se_40-X-Pb_X glasses to assess Lead's impact on extended, local, and Fermi energy state densities. Some procedures were applied to the materials, such as mixing, grinding, heating in quartz ampoules, placing them

     Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a severe medical disorder manifested by a decline in kidney function over an extended period. This leads to the accumulation of toxins and the gradual inability to remove excess waste and fluids from the body. Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) is part of a protein family that regulates microtubule structure and cellular metabolism. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of these parameters in evaluating CKD and its associated mechanisms in Iraqi patients. The study was conducted from December 2023 to May 2024. Ninety subjects enrolled in this study: 60 patients with CKD who attended the Baghdad Teaching Hospital/Medical City/ Dialysis Unit in Baghdad, Iraq. Additionally, 30 healthy sub

Dental caries, also named tooth decay, is a major issue for oral health and is caused by bacteria in dental plaque. Detecting caries early on is essential for preventing further damage. Because caries are often small, they can lead to unnecessary treatments or missed diagnoses. This study tackles the challenge of spotting dental caries using color image analysis. We tested both traditional methods—like Quickshift, Simple Linear Iterative Clustering (SLIC) superpixels, and k-means clustering—combined in the Multi-Step Segmentation with K-Means (MSS-KM) approach, as well as a more advanced deep learning method using YOLOv12 for segmentation. The evaluation of the performance of these methods based on accuracy, precision, recall, mean a

In this work, two carrier concentrations with dye D102 were used in a dye-sensitized solar cell to perform a comparative evaluation of the efficiency and influence on the study of key parameters affecting the device performance. To achieve this goal, the cell transfer power, current, current density and fill factor were calculated to estimate the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of DSSCs. Electrons move from the excited state of indolene D02 to the conduction band of ZnO to produce current for DSSCs through the assumed energy levels of donor indolene and acceptor ZnO in the hetero junction device to be continuous. The effect of carrier concentration and coupling strength on the improvement of the contact efficiency of D102 hetero juncti

The sol-gel method was used in this study to create the Zn-CdFe₂O₄/SnO_2(0.15) nano ferrite, and XRD, FE-SEM, and EDX methods were used to evaluate the nano ferrite's characteristics. The findings showed that the lattice constant of the sample CdFe₂O₄/SnO_2(0.15) is higher than that of ZnFe₂O₄/SnO_2(0.15) and Zn_0.5Cd_0.5Fe₂O₄/SnO_2(0.15) and that the resultant compound possesses a cubic spinel ferrite phase. The crystal size was on the nanoscale, according to Scherrer-Williamson Hall. Based on the FE-SEM images, it can be noticed its shape as semi-spherical or spherical; the prese

An unsaturated polyester's (UPE) mechanical and thermal properties were modified by incorporating nanosized titanium dioxide (TiO₂) particles with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5% weight ratios. 3% of TiO₂ is the best weight percentage that can be added to UPE to improve its impact strength from 8.74 MPa to 8.87 MPa, its hardness value from 82.23% to 86.63%, its tensile strength from 7.698 MPa to 24.76 MPa, and its thermal conductivity from 0.308499 W/m.^oC to 0.566916 W/m^oC. Also, the thermal stability of UPE/3% TiO₂ was improved using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). XRD measurement was employed to verify the change caused by adding TiO₂ particles to the internal structure of unsatura

Let (X,W,T) be a fuzzy b- metric space, where X is a non-empty set, W is a fuzzy set on X×X×(0,∞) to [0,1], and T is a continuous t-norm, and let a function φ:[0,1]→[0,1] satisfies the following conditions: The function φ is strictly decreasing and continuous, φ(c)=0 If and only if c equals 1 and φ(T(c,a))= T(φ(c),φ(a)), where c and a in X. Which is called φ- function and use it to define φ- Contraction mappings of type Ι and ΙΙ. In this research, we will complete the study of many authors about fixed point theory on fuzzy b-metric spaces as Ashraf (1) and Rakic et al (2) and generalize some results on fixed points theory on fuzzy metric spaces to fuzzy b- metric spaces with simplify different proofs. Shen et,al (3) esta

This present study focuses on the analysis of peristaltic transport involving hybrid nanomaterial fluid through a tapered channel. Peristalsis of hybrid nanomaterial with variable viscosity is studied here. Thermal heat and velocity  with no-slip conditions are considered in the investigation. In order to simplify governing equations small Reynolds number and large wavelength assumptions are used, the exact solution for formulation of stream function , axial velocity and temperature are determined based on the perturbationechnique . In the present study, water is used as a head liquid while nanoparticle contains polystyrene and grapheme oxid. Additionally, main purpose is to explain impacts of  various physical parame

In this work, the rate of charge transfer (CT) reaction at the N3-ZnS interface was calculated using a quantitative computational model to evaluate the efficiency of N3-ZnS heterojunction dye-sensitized solar cell devices using different types of solvents. This work discussed the influence of the effective driving energy force on the charge transport rate and performance of N3-ZnS devices with various solvents based on a donor-acceptor model. A solar cell model was used to study the optical efficiency when changing some of its parameters, such as the type of material and the thickness of the film, as they are important factors influencing the quality of the solar cell. It was found that the transition energy varies with different solvent

Undoped and aluminum-doped In2S3 chalcopyrite semiconductor thin films are deposited on glass substrates using the thermal evaporation process under a vacuum of 1.6×10^-5 mbar, achieving a thickness of 500 nm. This study examines the impact of varying Al ratios of 0.0, 0.02 and 0.04 on properties of Al-doped In2S3 thin film. The structural characteristics of In2S3 thin films were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), revealing that the In2S3 film exhibits a polycrystalline structure and stable tetragonal β-In2S3, with a preferred orientation of (109) at 2θ = 27.3. Furthermore, AFM is examining the exterior morphology of the film, revealing that both surface roughness and average diameter escalate with h

     For this work, the spray pyrolysis technique is employed to create uniform thin films of cadmium telluride (CdTe) at 350°C on glass substrates. For optical and structural examination, the films that were deposited undergo annealing at 573 K and 723 K. In an air atmosphere, before being examined using an XRD, a microscopy force atomic (AFM), and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The film's cubic structure and polycrystalline nature were demonstrated by the XRD tests with preferred orientation (111), and temperatures for annealing improve crystalline speed. Crystallite size and microstrain were among the microstructural metrics that were computed with an increase in annealing temperatures; it was found that the microstrain decreased and

Moth-eye nano-structure is essentially used as a light-trapping technique for more efficient and cost-effective solar cells. This computational study investigated two dimensions of rectangular silicon base anti-reflected nanostructure for ultra-thin film solar silicon cell efficiency enhancement. The introduced simulation procedure depends on numerical methods and Lumerical software. Impacts of the structure geometry, which was the width and height, on optical and electrical properties were investigated. It found that the geometry of the structure has a significant effect on the absorption and reflection spectrum, due to structure light-trapping effects, and the maximum absorption increases in visible regain reported at a width of 300 nm

Over the past few years, there has been a significant focus on studying the synthesis and applications of metal nanoparticles. These tiny particles possess distinct properties that set them apart from bulk metals. Cr:Se core-shell nano thin film has been pre-coated by plasma jets with different concentrations (10:0, 8:2, and 6:4) and deposition by chemical spray pyrolysis. The nano-thin films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV), and transmission electron microscopy TEM. This study looks into the structure and optical features of core-shell nanoparticles made with different ratios of chromium and selenium (Cr:Se). The X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles

The process of burning solid waste causes a serious environmental problem, leading to air and water pollution. Therefore, these agricultural wastes are added as reinforcing materials to polymers through which some mechanical and physical properties can be improved. This study included the preparation of single and hybrid polymeric composite materials from polyester resin as a base material. Powders of both sawdust and sunflower seeds were used as reinforcement materials with different weight fractions (5,10,15)%  and a granule size of 75µm. Some mechanical properties were studied, including bending strength testing, bending elastic modulus, impact strength, and surface hardness testing, in addition to thermal conductivity. The obtained

In statistics theory, adding a new parameter is considered one of the important things that help in producing statistical distributions more flexible and appropriate in data analysis. Alpha-power transformations are considered a modern technique that involves adding a shape parameter to generate new statistical distributions. In this paper, a new life continuous distribution of three parameters is presented by fitting the alpha power transformations family distribution with two parameters lifetime exponential Weibull distribution. The new model named alpha-power exponential Weibull distribution (APEWD) with three parameters , where  and  are classified as scale parameters and  parameter is classified as a shape parameter. The cumulati

Patients with diabetes, high blood pressure (BP), and obesity have metabolic syndrome (MetS). The study aims to evaluate the levels of obestatin and osteopontin (OPN) as markers for detecting MetS and their relationship with other biomarker parameters at Al-Yarmuk Teaching Hospital in Baghdad. A total of 165 patients (125 with MetS and 40 healthy subjects as a control group) whose ages ranged from 20 to 80 years were examined and participated in this study. Body mass index (BMI), BP, fasting serum glucose (FSG), liver enzymes, total protein, and serum lipid profile were evaluated in each patient and control. In addition, obestatin and OPN were used with commercial ELISA kits according to the manufacturer's instructions. The study's resul

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease that causes chronic inflammation, primarily affecting the synovial joints in the hands and feet. Laboratory investigations, such as  C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), lipid profile, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), evaluate the body's inflammation level. Rheumatoid arthritis is generally progressive, causing fatigue and weakening of the muscle joints. Despite recent treatment improvements, there is no known cure for RA. The study aimed to find the role of chemokine MMP-1 as a biomarker in serum samples of 80 patients with RA and 40 healthy subjects. The mean of MMP-1 was significantly higher in patients with RA compared to the control group (MMP-1: 3.27

     Nowadays, the effectiveness of Flying Ad-hoc Networks (FANETs) has proven their importance in many fields, such as the military, healthcare, entertainment, etc. In such networks, realistic mobility modeling is pivotal for accurately simulating Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) behaviors and their interactions within the network. To achieve this realism and improve network performance metrics of the network, multiple Mobility Models (MMs) can be integrated, allowing UAVs to exhibit complex movement patterns that reflect real-world dynamics. This paper proposes a combination of Circular Mobility (CM) and Gauss-Markov (GM) models (CCGM) in a superposition mobility model to determine the final pattern of the model and how it affects the

In this study, we prepared thin films of nickel oxide with a thickness of 150±10 nm using the pyrolysis spray technique, and their properties were studied for two hours at different annealing temperatures. including (as deposited, 723 and 873) K. Based on XRD measurements, the pattern data showed that (NiO) had an amorphous structure without annealing, but that a cubic polycrystalline structure with a preferred orientation (111), (200), and (220) was produced at a higher annealing temperature. In addition to other techniques, the crystal structure of the film was characterized using X-ray diffraction. The structure and physical characteristics of the NiO thin films are examined using methods based on atomic force microscopy and X-rays.

     This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of a ternary nanocomposite comprising reduced graphene oxide (rGO), magnetite (Fe₃O₄), and manganese dioxide (MnO₂) nanoparticles (NPs). The aim of using it is to remove Terasil Black dye from water, particularly in textile industries. The nanocomposite was created using a co-precipitation method, followed by physical bonding with MnO₂ NPs. The structural properties, surface morphology, and elemental composition were evaluated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The XRD results confirmed the presence of an amorphous phase along with dist