The compost product enhances soil quality, lowers erosion, and aids in the reduction of plant diseases without having a negative influence on the environment. The possibility for compost recovery from organic waste, fruit waste, agricultural residues, domestic garbage, and animal manure was examined in this study. These wastes are composted in a five-week aerobic -pile composting process. The temperature, pH, moisture, electrical conductivity, carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N-ratio), nitrification index (NH4-N/NO3-N), and NPK (Nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium( value of the finished compost were all measured both during and after the composting p

This study aimed to investigate the expression level of microRNA-20a in plasma samples collected from 20 healthy males and 20 healthy females' as non-cancerous controls, 34 males and 26 females who diagnosed with CRC, the age range for both poles was at age range of 23 to 66 years old, those patients didn’t receive any chemical, radiological or surgical treatment and subjected to relative quantitative detection using RT-PCR technique. Specific primers designed for this purpose, the sequence of miR-20a retrieved from NCBI and miRBASE, the primers designed using stem-loop structure method, RNU-43 reference gene used for results normalization. The resulted data analyzed using the Livak method, the folding mean of CRC patients (12.

The study's goals are to use pyocyanin pigment produced by the clinical isolate Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a reducing and stabilizing agent for nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) and their use it antibacterial agents against biofilm-producing, multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from various clinical sources. The antibiotic susceptibility test of E. Coli isolates was shown to be resistant to ceftriaxone, cotrimoxazole, piperacillin-triazole, tetracycline, and ticarcillin, while sensitive to Amikacin, Amoxicillin, Nitrofurantoin, and Imipenem. NiO NPs are synthesized by using nickel sulfate NiSO₄ (10g) with a concentration of pyocyanin (10mg/10ml). The NiO NPs synthesized were characterized

This study aimed to assess the nutritional value, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant activity of Kappaphycus alvarezii cultivated in Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) systems. The parameters were nutritional components, phytochemical content, and aAntioxidant activity. K. alvarezii exhibited substantial nutritional value, with notable protein (15.3%) and carbohydrate (60.0%) content, along with essential minerals such as calcium and magnesium. Phytochemical analysis revealed significant levels of polyphenols (20.0 mg GAE/g), flavonoids (5.5 mg QE/g), and tannins (3.0 mg CE/g), as well as noteworthy saponin (1.2%) and alkaloid (0.9%) contents. Antioxidant assays demonstrated strong activities, w

This research aimed to study the impact of the reciprocal cross and heterosis phenomena on numerous tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) characteristics. Fifty-one different traits were measured, including leaf, shoot, root, flower, fruit, yield and yield components, and physiochemical characteristics. The results showed that reciprocal crosses, such as plant mass, petal length, cone length, pistil length, fruit width, fruit length, single fruit weight, fruit flesh weight, seed and placenta weight, number of fruits locules, fruit calyx weight, number of days to flower, total sugar, ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, and total phenolic concentration, significantly influenced various traits. In addition, the results showed t

This study was aimed to possibility of applying three constructed wetlands units (based on the vertical subsurface flow mode-operation) for treating of simulated wastewater contained cadmium ions. Iraqi sand was the substrate used for packing of mentioned units; however, Canna indica and Typha domingensis can be planted in any two units to improve of cadmium removal while the last one remains free of vegetation. The pH, DO, temperature, and Cd values were monitored in the effluents for detention time (0.5-120 h) and metal concentration (5-40 mgl^-1) to estimate the performance of units. Results proved that the removal of cadmium ions can increase significantly for longer contact time a

This study was aimed to investigate data homogeneity, detect trend and changes in historical rainfall and forecast future rainfall pattern. Rainfall historical records taken from 22 gauging and non-gauging stations distributed all over Duhok governorate. The dataset includes long time series of monthly and annual rainfall totals (mm) from 1998 to 2020. To detect data variability, four different homogeneity tests were used. To analyze trends and sequential shifts in historical data, parametric and non-parametric tests were applied. Theil-Sen's slope estimator test was applied to calculate the magnitude of change over time. Rainfall forecasting was based on the Box-Jenkins methodology. The homogeneity test res

This study was aimed to conduct one of the vertical garden systems , selecting suitable plant species that with stand the climate conditions of Baghdad city in outer space to determine the appropriate growing medium for the (LWS), and to assess the impact of spraying with potassium silicate on the resistance of the cultivated plants to heat stresses . The study carried out at at Al-Batool Park of (Al-Kadhimiya Holy City). Two experiments were carried out, each one with a different plant species, including Wedelia trilobata and Tradescantia pallida, during the winter season of 2021 and summer season of 2022. The experiments were designed using a split block design. The experiments included two factors, the first

The present study was carried out to investigate immunopathological effect of foot and mouth disease vaccine against nosocomial infections, to achieve this goal different samples obtained from urine of hospitalized patient, the isolated bacteria were identified by cultural examination,  biochemical tests PCR. Twenty-four  mice were divided equally into three groups. The 1^st  group 8 mice  were immunized I/M with 0.1 ml of FMD vaccine, two dose with 14 days intervals, 2^nd group 8 mice was inoculated I/P with 0.5 from 3x10⁸ CFU/ml while 3^rd  group was inoculated 0.2 ml of phosphate buffer saline and served as control negative. At

This study was conducted to detect bovine tuberculosis (TB) in Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, using gamma interferon assay (GIA), and determine the prevalence in the governorate. The study was carried out among three groups of cattle: calves aged 6–12 months, heifers 13–24 months, and cows aged above two years. Bovine TB was detected by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the GIA, carried out on 404 cattle within the target population (31173) from different districts around the governorate. A TB prevalence rate of 8.9% was detected. The highest prevalence rate (10.5%) was in the cattle above two years of age, and the lowest rate (2.7%) was recorded in 6–12 m

The study was conducted at the Greater Zab River at Aski-Kalak City in three stations during the period from November 2020 to October 2021.The lowest water temperature value was 9.2°C at January while the highest value was 30 °C during July 2021. Salinity values ranged between 0.21 at January to 0.49 g/l during July 2021. Dissolve oxygen was high which range between 12.5 and 5.2 mg/l during December 2020 and July 2021 respectively. A total of 2368 specimens with a total weight of 848.97Kg were collected. These fishes were represented by 28 fish species belong to 7 families.The dominance commercial fishes (15 species) were recorded with a total weight of 775.56 kg formed 91.35% of a total fish catches. While, non – commercial

Bacterial vaginosis, also known as BV, is a condition that is frequently associated with vaginal inflammation and can be caused by changes in the bacterial composition of the vaginal microbiome. It is the most common vaginal infection among women of reproductive age. The goal of this study is to determine the antibiotic resistance and the role of some virulence genes of E. coli isolates in the vaginosis of non-pregnant women (16–45 years old) as well as the stool of the same patient. A total of 160 samples were collected (130 vaginal swab samples and 30 samples from the stool). All isolates have been identified by MacConkey and Eosin methylene blue media, biochemical tests, and PCR detection of the UidA g

This study was aimed to investigate a comprehensive methodology and its ensuing results for identifying potential sites for wind power plants (WPPs) and solar photovoltaic plants (SPVPs) across Tunisia, a crucial step given the significant long-term investment these plants entail. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) integrated with Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) and underpinned by the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), this research meticulously weighs and maps various site-specific criteria essential for site suitability assessment. The results indicate that approximately 1183 km² (1.8% of Tunisia's total area) and 2533 km² (3.7%) are optimally suited for large-scale SPVPs and WPPs, respectively. the prime locat

This study was aimed to investigate response of two sweet corn hybrids to bacterial biofertilizers and spraying with Mg⁺² and Ca⁺² and their impact on the yield during fall season 2021 and spring season 2022, CASH seeds (H1) and ROI SOLEIL seeds (H2) were planted in pots, when they reached 2-3 leaves treated with four treatments which included without biofertilizer (B0), with Azospirillum brasilense (B1) with Pseudomonas fluorescens (B2) and the interaction with Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens (B3) then transferd to the field, and sprayed the seedling which included without spraying (N0), spraying with Mg⁺⁺ a

This study was aimed to demonstrate effect of adding some Bio-fertilizers,Nile flower peat fertilizer and spraying with its extract on growth and yield of potato, Tow field experiment at spring and fall season2022 was carried out Horticulture Development Station  in the kut district of the Directorate of Agriculture ofWasit Governorate The experiment was implemented using factorial arrangement (4×3×2) within randomized complete block design with three replicates, The  First factor included the addition of biofertilizers (M) ,which is M₀-without adding , M₁- added the Mycorrhizae

The challenges of steering-by-wire (SBW) systems in vehicles are due to the absence of a direct mechanical link between the steering wheel and the wheels on the road. This limitation imposes the necessity of employing sophisticated control systems to attain the highest accuracy and stability during operation. In such systems, the responsibility rests completely on the utilised controller to change the wheel’s angle on the road swiftly and accurately in response to the steering wheel changes by the driver. However, conventional control systems suffer slowly in responding to instructions and some fixed errors in their steady-state phase. The current study introduces an innovation of a model that integrates model predictive control (MPC)

The integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) in healthcare has transformed the monitoring of physiological parameters, significantly enhancing the capabilities of medical diagnostics and patient care. This study explores the use of advanced cryptographic techniques to secure IoT healthcare systems, particularly through block chain (BC) technology. Moreover, this study evaluates the effectiveness of two cryptographic key generators—bee swarm key generator and snake key generator—in enhancing data security within a BC-based framework for remote patient monitoring. Our study conducts a series of NIST randomness tests to compare the performance of these key generators in terms of randomness, resilience to cryptographic attacks and com

Patients infected with the COVID-19 virus develop severe pneumonia, which typically results in death. Radiological data show that the disease involves interstitial lung involvement, lung opacities, bilateral ground-glass opacities, and patchy opacities. This study aimed to improve COVID-19 diagnosis via radiological chest X-ray (CXR) image analysis, making a substantial contribution to the development of a mobile application that efficiently identifies COVID-19, saving medical professionals time and resources. It also allows for timely preventative interventions by using more than 18000 CXR lung images and the MobileNetV2 convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture. The MobileNetV2 deep-learning model performances were evaluated usin

In this work, manganese and niobium were added to high-chromium white cast iron, from which drilling and grinding tools were made. Two melts with different proportions of manganese and niobium (manganese 2.75% and niobium 0.49%, manganese 3.5% and niobium 1.1%) were used. High-chromium white cast iron is considered one of the most important alloys in heavy-duty applications, and its properties are affected by the added alloying elements and heat treatment. Niobium can increase corrosion resistance and hardness, form carbides, enhance thermal conductivity and improve response to heat treatment. As for manganese, it can increase impact toughness, remove oxygen from iron oxide and reduce flexibility. The heat treatment was carried out in ac

Earth–air heat exchangers (EAHE) hold great promise for reducing typical air conditioning systems’ energy consumption whilst preserving high indoor comfort. The present analyses a 3D model using COMSOL Multiphysics software for a geothermal heat exchanger to examine the thermal behavior along the piping system. The experimental findings of the real EAHE in Baghdad City during January and June are transferred into the nonisothermal pipe flow interface for modeling temperature, velocity and pressure distributions along the piping system. The temperature variation of subsurface soil and the radial temperature distribution around the pipe are modeled into the heat transfer interface.  The magnitude of heat flux is also computed in diffe

Over two decades, this study analyzes drought trends in Diyala Province, Iraq, and It utilizes remote sensing data and rainfall analysis to evaluate the severity and frequency of drought in 2002, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, and 2022. The research maps drought distributions in Diyala Province using satellite images from Landsat 7, Landsat 8, and Landsat 9 and analyzes the vegetation health index (VHI), soil moisture index (SMI), and average rainfall data. Results showed increased drought intensity: severe drought expanded from 48% in 2005 to 50% in 2022, and arid conditions increased from 1.1% in 2002 to 17.1% in 2022, as per SMI. Moreover, rainfall analysis reveals varying patterns, with 2022 experiencing lower average rainfall (4.215 mm) an

The convective heat transfer and nanofluid flow through porous media within the Photovoltaic/Thermal system (PV/T) under maximum air temperatures of 10, 25, and 52 ^οC in Baghdad city were investigated numerically. The PV/T system was filled with porous media and nanofluid, where the porous media consisted of open-cell aluminum foam (6101-T6 alloy) with a pore density of 20 PPI and a porosity of 0.9353-0.92%. The nanofluids were composed of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) and silicon dioxide (SiO₂) nanoparticles suspended in water and ethylene glycol (EG) with a volume fraction of 1-3 % and a nanoparticle diameter of 25 nm. A high-efficiency solar panel with a thermal collector was used at tilt angles o

A migraine is a neurological disorder that causes severe headaches. Although it is not life-threatening, it greatly affects people's lives. Migraine classification is considered a complicated research area. Early detection and accurate classification help in determining the appropriate care, speeding recovery from the disease, and avoiding its effects. So, developing a migraine classification system is very necessary. The aim of this work is to suggest a migraine classification model based on a stochastic gradient-boosting ensemble algorithm. First, the dataset is pre-processed. Adaptive Synthetic (ADASYN) is used to balance a migraine dataset that contains seven groups of migraine patients. Twenty-three migraine attributes were extracte

The peduli-lindungi (Care-Protect) application is an official application used by the Indonesian government to monitor crowds of people who are active in closed and public spaces. The purpose of this application is to facilitate actions that can be taken by the government to prevent the spread of COVID-19. One of the actions is user tracing. In this study, an analysis was carried out on data originating from the Peduli-lindungi Application, which is confidential. Some of the data fields used are still protected by the government. To get accurate data analysis results, preprocessing techniques are carried out on Peduli-lindungi data to produce new datasets as observational data material. The results obtained show that 4073 data points wer

Brain tumors pose a significant global health concern, imposing substantial social and economic burdens. Accurate classification of tumor types (gliomas, meningiomas, and pituitary tumors) from MRI data is essential for aiding radiologists and avoiding invasive biopsies. This paper presents a new method for brain tumor classification that has excellent accuracy when compared with existing methods. The proposed method provides improvements for feature extraction and classification. This new method comprises MRI image preprocessing, feature extraction, and image classification. Preprocessing includes resizing and data augmentation. Following this, features are extracted from MRI images using a mixed transform approach involving a mix of me

The deepfake videos were spread in the last few years and were created by different deepfake techniques (i.e., faceswap, face2face, etc.). These techniques have a terrible impact on society and would give anyone a chance to create videos with fake faces. The objective of this paper was to develop a model that detects deepfake videos to reduce their negative impact. Two hybrid models of machine learning and deep learning were proposed. The first model used a convolutional neural network (CNN) for feature extraction and different machine learning classifiers (support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), logistic regression, and naive bayes (NB)). In contrast, the second model used a transf

An older people's disease known as frailty occurs when an elderly individual exhibits heightened susceptibility to little stimuli. An individual who is feeble experiences limited ability to grasp, an unintended reduction in weight, a feeling of happiness, a sluggish gait, and trouble standing. The detection of frailty phenomenology is one of the greatest developments in geriatric medicine in the past 20 years. Frailty develops into an impairment if left unchecked. Clinical decision support systems are used to help professionals, or physicians, make more informed and complex decisions. Thus, in order to assist the board in providing healthcare effortlessly in controlling the frailty conditions and, usually, to identify the class of acquir

The study seeks to assess the efficacy of utilizing a Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network (BPANN) as an alternative to conventional methodologies for 2D coordinate transformation. Converting the previously used reference system in Iraq to the global system is one of the main requirements that play a main role in various applications requiring the standardization of geographic referencing for different data, including geospatial applications, remote sensing, image processing, and more. This necessitates researching and finding the most suitable methods to ensure high accuracy in the results. The Karbala 1979 (Clark 1880) of the Iraqi national geodetic network and the Iraqi Geospatial Reference System (IGRS) were currently used as g

Image steganography involves concealing various forms of information, such as text, images, or videos, within an existing image. The hidden data is embedded in a manner that remains imperceptible to human observers. In this paper, a stego image that successfully hides the secret information and renders it undetectable to others is created by embedding a hidden message into an original image. The secret message may be text (the doctor’s report of the patient’s case) or maybe a secret image (chest x-ray) or encrypted secret image to increase security and guarantee the patient’s privacy. The cover images may be brain, breast, and lung images. An enhanced LSB technique is introduced, incorporating common LSB and conditional MSB, with a

In recent years, there has been a growing popularity of autonomous vehicles due to their significant impact on society. One of the key tasks of autonomous vehicles is accurate pedestrian detection, which plays a vital role in preventing accidents. However, accurately detecting and tracking pedestrians under various environmental circumstances poses a significant challenge. In this paper, an efficient model for pedestrian detection is proposed by integrating three modules: You Only Look Once version 8 (YOLOv8) for object segmentation, Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) for feature extraction, and Custom Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for classification and detection. For tracking purposes, a simple online and real-time tracking (SO