This study was carried out in the laboratory to investigate the effect of addition of different levels of formic acid (FA) and urea on chemical composition and fermentation characteristics of common reed silages. About 400-500g of silage samples were prepared by treating chopped reed plants (2-3 cm) with solutions containing 10% of date juice, 0.5, 1 or 1.5% of FM and 0, 1 or 2% of urea. Silage samples were packed in double nylon bags and stored anaerobically for 60 days. Results showed that green color was roughly dominant in most samples of silage with vinegar odor. Samples were well aggregated with little mold was observed in few urea untreated silages. Results revealed also that increasing le

The aim of this study to investigate the  prevalence of Cryptosoridium spp. in domestic  dogs  in Baghdad city, by  using microscopic  examination(flotation and staining) and molecular techniques .The results revealed that the rate of Cryptosporidium infection was 15% by microscopic examination and 28.6% using PCR, our study showed that the infection rate was 8.5% in males  and 21.42% in  females by microscopic examination , while the infection rate by using PCR in males and females was 21.42%, 35.71% respectively. The percentage of infection in the age  groups <1 year  a

Two field experiments of jojoba plants were carried out in Almaghara Research and Production Station followed to Desert Research Center, Agriculture Ministry, North Sinai Governorate, Egypt, at 2016/2017 and 2017/2018, Respectively. Therefor to study the influence yield of five clones (S-L, S-610, S- 700, S-B and S-G) under foliar spray of salicylic acid, ascorbic acid and proline [(50:50:50(conc. 1); 100:100:100 (conc. 2) and 200:200:200 ppm (conic. 3)] on jojoba plants at four and fourteen years old from planting.  The experiment was conducted as split plot design, were varieties order in the main plots and treatments in sub plots, uisg three replicates. esults showed that the foliar appli

This study was aimed to evaluate five clones of jojoba plant under the influence of salinity stress which was spraied by gibberellin and benzyl adenine on growth yield and oil. Two field experiments were carried out at Magharah Research and dmting Production which follow Desert Research Center, Agriculture Ministry, in North Sinai governorate, Egypt,  2015/2016 and 2016/2017 respectively, the experimemts wene consist of five clones (S-L, S-610, S- 700, S-B and S-G), (were sprayed by, GA₃ 200ppm, BA 200ppm and GA₃+BA and control) under effect of salinity stress. The experiment was conducted as split plot design having varieties in main plot and IAA, GA₃ sub plots three replicates. The jojoba p

Technology of precision agriculture has caused to the remote sensors development that compute Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) parameters. Vegetation indices obtained from remote sensing data can help to summarize climate conditions. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), as a soft computing methods, are one of the most efficient methods for computing as compared to the statistical and analytical techniques for spectral data. This study was employed experimental radial basis function (RBF) of ANN models and adaptive neural-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to design the network in order to predict the soil plant analysis development (SPAD), protein content and grain yield of wheat plant based on spectral reflectance value

In this study, two isolates A. lowffii, and A. baumannii were obtained clinically, and genomically identified by 16S rRNA assessment with the accession number (MH685113.1 and MH685112.1) for A. lowffii and A. baumannii respectively. The sensitivity profile of the isolates was variable, and A. baumannii was the most resistant strain towards a wide range of antibiotics, and it did not show any growth defect in the presence of β-lactam antibiotic, in comparison with A. lowffii. We identified that the bla_OXA-23 gene was responsible for imipenem resistance in A. baumannii, whereas, bla_OXA-51-like was moderately confer resistance tow

This study was aimed to provide the baseline information of epiphytic diatom communities in the Tigris river within Wasit Province to fill the information gap on the algal distribution. This investigation was conducted on epiphytic diatoms from two macrophytes (Ceratophyllum demersum and Myriophyllum alterniflorum) and related physicochemical parameters of the river from June 2015 to May 2016. Three sites were selected along the river (Al-Aziziyah, Zubaidiyah, and Numaniyah). Qualitative and quantitative study of epiphytic diatoms was investigated. A total of 277 species of epiphytic diatoms were identified on both macrophytes, these diatoms belonged to 27 genera for C. demersum

current study was conducted to determine the effects of Chromium piclonat supplementation on some  productive  traits and serum parameters of male rabbit exposed to heat stress by used electric heaters  ,twenty four male rabbits were randomly divided into four groups 6 for each, first group put in normal suitable climate condition based diet without additional Chromium and kept as positive control group , while The other  three groups exposed to heat stress  , the basal diet was consisted of 0, 300 , and 500 ppb of Chromium piclonate  respectively as a feed additives . All rabbit received feed and water ad libitum, the results showed  t

Mg/Fe layered double hydroxides (LDH) as highly effective clay adsorbents coating activated carbon derived from agricultural waste (AW) were prepared by activation of date palm leaf base (LB) synthesized on Mg/Fe layered double hydroxides. FTIR, SEM and EDS were used to characterize the obtained adsorbent for the copper removal from aqueous solutions. The evaluation of adsorption performances was carried out at various metal concentrations, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and pH. The pseudo-second-order kinetic and the Langmuir isotherm model showed a good compliance with the experimental data, the result demonstrated that the improving adsorption capacity and fast rating adsorption for Cu²⁺ resulted from successful in

The aim of this study was extraction of jojoba oil using different solvents. A mixture of water-hexane and water-ethanol are used as solvents to extract jojoba oil in a batch extraction process and compared with a pure solvent extraction process. The effects of particle size of crushed seeds, solvent-to-water ratio and time on jojoba oil extraction were investigated. The best recovery of oil was obtained at the boiling temperature of the solvent and four hour of extraction time. When seed particle size was 0.45 mm and a pure ethanol was used (45% yield of oil extraction), whereas, it was 40% yield of oil at 25% water- hexane mixture. It was revealed that the water-ethanol and water-hexane mixtures have an effect on the oil extrac

This study was carried out  to investigate the Inflammatory  reaction in broiler chicken after experimental infection with Mycoplasma gallisepticum(MG) , which were evaluated by using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA) to measure pro inflammatory cytokines and IgG.  one hundred day old  broiler chicks  were randomly divided into five groups 20 birds each group, all groups except group 5 (control) were  infected at two weeks old with 0.2ml of 10⁶  cfu/bird of local MG ,groups treated as follows:  Group1 : infected  Intravenous( I.V) with MG isolate. Group2: : i

This experiment was conducted at the plant tissue culture laboratory – Dept. of Horti.- Coll. of Agricultural Engineering Sciences – Univ. of Baghdad, in order to study the effect of magnetic field in the propagation and production of volatile oil compounds of rosemary plant Rosmarinus officinlis. Factorial experiments within completely randomized design with thirty replications were used. The results indicated  an increase in the treatment of exposure to south pole for 30 days with the highest mean of the shoots number, fresh and dry weight and total chlorophyll content (7.5 shoots.plant^-1, 6634 mg, 769.5 mg and 160.6 mg.100 g^-1) respectively. While the co

 The study was aimed to design the  landscape on the sides of Baghdad-Babel road and landscaping the aspects of this section of the road length of 1 km, which represents the main entrance of the province of Babel, which is the municipality of Alexandria to achieve the strategy of beautiful roads through the appropriate selection of types of vegetation and emphasis on local species and adapted to environment and soil, which is one of the main factors in the conservation of vegetation on the sides of the roads, as well as the preparation of a design proposal for a rest area on the right side of the section of the road under study to an area of ​​270,14.108 m² is not intended for any future use, its cur

 This research aims to study the morphological anatomical characteristics and geographical distribution of the species Horwoodia dicksoniae (Turrill) belong to Brassicaceae family in Iraq. The results were revealed the morphological characteristics of the root, stem, leaves, fruits and seeds, abaxial surface of the leaf characterized by covered with simple hairs. The fruits were circular in shape with wide wing and have one seed. The seeds were conical shape and pustular surface configuration. The anatomical characteristics of the root, stem, and leaf were studied and the cross-section of the root was characterized by thick periderm layer and cortex layer consisting primarily of parenchyma cells, st

 This study was aimed to displayed effect of this nanoparticles on pregnant mother and embryos. All females administration of AgNPs suspension orally during the gestational period (for 21day) in two doses low 2mg and high dose 20 mg /Kg body weight and the control group received D.W only. The pregnant females (60 females) include the control group and the treated group  was subdivided in to two groups, pre and post implantation and all the mothers weighted along the study. The embryos and their brains after retrieved weighted and the crow-rump length (CRL) measurement also. The results showed that the active form of Ag can be transport the placental barrier and blood brain barrier (BBB). This nanoparticles showed advers

This study was aimed to investigate straw stiffness in land races of two- row barley (hordeum vulgarel.). Straw from four landrace populations of barley grown in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq was measured and tested for bending stiffness, showing considerable variation in diameter and in longitudinal bending modulus. In the lower range of diameter, the straw from these landrace populations was highly flexible and was able to lodge without fracture, by curving elastically without fracture or buckling until the head reached the ground. The landrace populations studied contained substantial variation in internode diameter and in the stiffness of the wall material. Selection for internode diameter appeared to have potential f

This research was aimed at conducting a financial evaluation of sheep feeding systems in Al-Ahsa in KSA to identify the feasibility of investing in these projects. By field study, identified two systems for fattening the first system of fattening for 4 months, 3 cycles a year, and the second system of fattening for 6 months, two cycles a year. Secondary data collected by the Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, the annual statistical book, a random sample of sheep breeders in Al-Ahsa governorate. The criteria for financial evaluation of projects are used. The results showed that the system of fattening for 4 months better than the other system, where the internal rate of return (IRR) f

This research was conducted at vegetable field of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Gardening –College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad. The experiment was conducted using Randomized Complete Block Design within split plot arrangement with three replicates. The hybrids (white, yellow, red) represented the main plots, symbolized (HW, HY, HR) and the colored covers of the tunnels (without cover, transparent, red, yellow, blue) represented the sub plots, which symbolized (C0, CW, CR, CY, CB).The statistical analysis revealed significant differences of HR in producing the highest values of the studied traits, such as, leaves number (14.73), leaf area (24.79 dcm²), plant yield (190 g

A laboratory experiment was carried out in the Seed Technology Laboratory, Department of Field Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad during the period 2010-2019. That was to evaluate bread wheat seeds stored in spikes in their field emergence and seedling vigour. Seeds, of stored spikes were compared with naked seeds, treated with cruise and untreated. All three treatments of seeds were grown in the laboratory and traits of days to last day of emergence, days to emerge, % of emergence, and other trails were recorded. Seeds of stored with thein spikes gave better values in days to last day of emergence, days of emergence, percent of emergence, length of plumule, seedlin

In order to investigate the effect of no tillage compared with the conventional cultivation and phosphorus fertilization (100, 200 and 300 kg ha^-1) P₂O₅ to the weeds grown in the sunflower field variety Aqmar, a field trial was conducted at the experimental farm (alternative site of College of Agriculture- University of Baghdad) Abu- Ghraib during the spring and fall seasons of 2015. the experiment was carried –out by using R.C.B.D. with in split-split arrangement. The results revealed that un ploughed and un weedy treatments had the lowest means of the dry weight and seeds yield. The results, also revealed a significant increase in the weed density, weed dry weight, seeds yield and its componen

A field experiment was condueted at the experimental Farm, College of Agriculture University of AL-Anbar in replace location (Abu-Gheaib) in spring season of 2017. While in Fall season it was applied at AL-saqluwiya-Anbar Province 10 km west north of Falluga city to study the effect of four levels of licorice extractor (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) (0,2,4 and 6) g.L^-1 water and three (53,333, 66,666 and 88,888 plant) plant.ha^-1. On growth and grain yield of Sorghum cv. Rabih. The experiment was applied using R.C.B.D. arranged in split plots with three replications. levels of plant densities were used as main-plot, while licorice extractor were used as sub-plot. Foliar application of licorice extractor was

Hybrid vigour is one of the most important phenomena became in practice all over the world for its higher performance in maize and several other genera of crops, vegetables, and fruit crops. There is no single theory explains this phenomenon. The only general rule known about having hybrid vigour is that crossing between two genetically diversed inbreds. Epigenomics is thought to be involved in hybrid vigour. However, exact timing of maternal and paternal genomes after fertilization of the endosperm is still not totally understood. It is still believed that the ratio of maternal to paternal gene expression through endosperm development is 2m:1p. The diverged methylation level of the crossed inbreds could be involved in hybrids of

A field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Experiment Unit, College of Agriculture Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, during two winter seasons 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 to study the response of some growth traits for wheat Cv. Al forat to foliar spraying using with humic glutamic acid and acid. A factorial experiment was with in Randomized Complete Block Design applied three replications, it involved two factor ,first factor was glutamic acid with three concentrations (0,250,500) mg L^-1, second factor was humic acid with three concentrations (0,1,2) ml L^-1, have been sprayed at tillering and flowering stages. The results showed that all the studed growth traits (plant height, ,number of ti

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of new production system of local Kurdish slow-growing broilers with special emphasis on organic technique. A total of 360 one-day-old chicks  mixed local slow-growing broiler genotype were distributed randomly into six treatments: (T1) control, feeding ad libitum commercial diet (indoor), (T2) feeding ad libitum  organic (indoor), (T3) feeding commercial % 75+ pasture, (T4) feeding organic % 75+  pasture, (T5) feeding commercial ad libitum  + pasture, and (T6) feeding organic ad libitum  + pasture. Each treatment consists of 60 birds with three replicates per treatment, 20 birds replicate. The results indicated that organi

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of medical plants (thymus vulgaris, Adiantum capillus-veneris L, Rosemarinus officinalis and their combination) supplemented in the diet on Physiological and Growth performance traits of broiler chicken. T1 Control (no supplemented), T2 Thyme powder 5 g/kg, T3 Thyme powder 10 g/kg, T4 Adiantum powder 3 g/kg, T5 Adiantum powder 5 g/kg, T6 Rosemary powder 5 g/kg, T7 Rosemary powder 10 g/kg and T8 Mixture (Thyme , Adiantum and Rosemary) with 7.5 g/kg +4 g/kg and 7.5 g/kg, respectively. A Total

This study was conducted in the laboratories of Soil and water resources Department, College of Agricultural Sciences Engineering, University of Baghdad for the purpose of disclosing the effect of ionic strength from different salt mixtures on the adsorption of Boron in a silty clay loam calcareous soil taken from the prior location of the college of Agriculture in Abu Ghraib, after a quite equilibrium of Boron solution prepared from Boric acid at( 0, 1, 5, 7.5, 10 and 20) μmole B.ml^-1 at 298 Kalvin. Three solutions with different ionic strength were used( 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) mole.L^-1 of four different salts CaCl₂, MgCl₂, NaCl and composed salt of the three salts at 3:1:1 ratios respectivel

This experiment was conducted from 1/7/2016 to 20/12/2018 to study the mineralogical properties of oak forest at 12 locations (Gara, Matin and Brifca) from Dohuk governorate, (Bilah, Malakan and Awagrd) from Hawler Governorate, (Bardanga, Badawan and Chwarta) from Sulaimani Governorate, and (Bakhakon, Hawar and Sartak) from Halabja governorate in Iraqi Kurdistan region. The samples collected from a depth of (0 – 60) cm for laboratory analysis. The study includes qualitative identification of clay minerals by X- ray diffraction data. Peak height was used as a rough indicator of relative abundance of minerals. In general, the expansion of 14°A to ≈ 17°A in ethylene glycol treatment was not detected because the measuring was s

The aim of this research was to estimate the production function to measure returns to scale and distribution efficiency of  resources used in the production of wheat. Cross sectional data used of a random sample of 130 farmers in Dhi Qar Province. The results of the quantitative analysis of estimating production function showed that the double logarithmic form was the best estimated model based on economic and statistical indicators. However, that form suffered from heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation, so the robust regression technique was chosen. Value of returns to scale was 0.89 and this indicates decreasing returns to scale. This means that production function is in the second stage

This research was aimed to study some factors influencing agricultural growth in Iraq. Using time series data for the period 1990 – 2017, of agricultural growth (a dependent variable) and agricultural exports, agricultural imports, agricultural fixed capital and the agricultural labor force (as independent variables). For these purposes, were statistical and econometrics methods employed to determine the most important aspects of this problem in agricultural sector. Co-integration analysis was used which developed by Johansen, also Augmented Dicky – Fuller of unit root test to determine non stationary data for choosing the best analysis method. In light of results, Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL) was used in asse

The objective of this study was to produce fructooligosaccharide (FOS) from fresh jerusalem artichoke (JAT) inulin which was extracted by conventional method (hot water extraction) at two different temperature (80˚C & 90˚C\ 90 min). JAT slices were mixed with distilled water at (1 : 5) (w : v) ratio, the obtained extract purified and concentrated to 32˚Brix, then mixed with acetone (1 : 3) (v : v), kept at 4˚C for 24 h., centrifuged at 10000g/ 15 min., and the precipitate dried at 55˚C. Acid hydrolysis of the dried inulin was carried out at three different pH values being (1.5, 2.5 & 3.0) at 85˚C us