Carbon monoxide (CO) contamination represents a major global concern. This study aimed to detect the concentration of CO, emitted from various vehicles exhausters which are important contributors in deteriorating air quality. The data was collected throughout the heavy parking period at Al- Jadyria campus in Baghdad University. The vehicles were classified into two main groups according to the type of gasoline they are filled with; including premium leaded and leaded free gasoline (PLG and LFG respectively), as well as engine size, odometer, brand and model. Seven low duty vehicles for each engine size (<1.6 to >2.0) liter were selected randomly. A portable gas detector type (Altair® 4X) was used to measure exhausted emiss

The current study was included the use of okra seeds (Abelmoschus esculentus) for preparation of Defatted Okra Powder (DOP), Okra Protein Concentrate (OPC) and Okra Protein Isolate (OPI). Three methods were used to identify the best one for protein concentrate preparation . The concentrate with 72.1% protein was prepared by removal of seed peel, ground, defatting and treated with ethanol. The optimum conditions for  protein isolate preparation were 1:40 (water: DOP), extraction time of 75 minutes, extraction pH 9.0 and the precipitation pH was  4.0. This study also investigated the chemical composition to products that were 50.8,72.1,91.2% protein ,0.88,0.86,0.32 % fat ,8.45,9.94,2.67% ash and 35.23,12.37,3.26%

Red meat production is an essential and important in the amount of livestock production part and contribute to livestock about 22% of the value of agricultural production, except fish in Iraq over the medium term from 2013 to 2009,The red meat and meat products of are consider good foods with a high nutritional value because they contain vitamins, proteins, fats and minerals .So it requires such a study to estimate the function supply red meat to a statement most influential variables in the supply quantity of red meat during the period 1995-2013 It is clear from the results that the rise in red meat prices by 1% leads to increase the quantity supplied of red meat increased by 0.403%, while the increase of chicken meat prices by

The wheat crop of the most important strategic food grain crops as it's source of food for more than (35%) of the world's population, particularly in third world countries from which Iraq.. This study deals with the subject of measuring the economic efficiency of rain-fed farms wheat in the region in order to identify the most important factors affecting the level of efficiency, in addition to estimating the size of the resources generated economic efficiency overall. It was obtained preliminary data from field sources by relying on a stratified random sample of wheat farmers included (225) farm productive season (2013-2014) in the province of Sulaymaniyah. It has been measuring the Total economical efficiency in

This research was aimed to identify the most important factors affecting the production of wheat crop in Iraq for the period 1990-2016. The ARDL model was used to interpret the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables in the search. The research concluded that the continuous increases in the population would lead to increases in support to the wheat crop due to the increase in consumer demand for this crop, which prompts the state to try to encourage producers to achieve increases in production. The research also found that increases in inflation led to higher levels of support because rising inflation rates unfairly distribute income among individuals, therefore the government is

A study was conducted to specify mutations of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS)  in the nucleotides of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) and their molecular relationship with heterosis exhibited by the six A- lines and three R-testers of sunflower. The trail was conducted at the fields of the College of Agriculture, University of Anbar, Abu Ghraib during two seasons (spring and fall 2016). Parental lines were crossed according to lineΧtester crossing scheme to produce 18 single hybrids, genotypes were sown to assess their phenotypic performance in the fall season. Results of the molecular analysis of ITS sequencing showed that the rearrangement of single nucleotides had acc

This study was aimed to found out the type of  bacterial species grown on the surface of date palm tissue culture media. Shoot tips of date palm (Barhi cv.) were cultured on MS media supplemented with various combinations of hormones. During  growth an infection was appeared in all cultures with gray colour. Primarily identification, proved  a bacterial infection due to its colour and appearance. The genus Arthrobacter was isolated Antibiotic sensitivity test showed that the isolate was sensitive to ciprofloxacin,Trimethoprim, and Amikacin and resistant  to Clarithromycin,Ceftriaxone and Gentamycin. Sequence analysis of 16 rRNA indicated a new isolates   were closely related to the  

This research was conducted at the plant tissue culture Lab.College of Agriclture, University of Baghdad from February to October 2015. The aims of the study were investigate the  influence of light quality and Benzylamino purine ( BA) on some vegetative and chemical properties of shoots for two varieties Martinque and Yanara of Gerbera jamesonii . cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.3 mg.L^-1 NAA, 0.4 mg.L^-1 Kinetin, 0.3 mg.L^-1 Spermidine ,100 mg.L^-1 Adenine sulphate. The highest number of shoots/explant ( 6.14 ) were When MS medium supplemented with 3 mg/L^-1 of BA grown under red light with Martinque variety Which did not

This research was conducted at the plant tissue culture Lab. College of Agriclture, University of Baghdad from February to October 2015. The aim of the study was investigate the  influence of light quality and Naphthalene  Acetic Acid(NAA) on some properties of roots for two varieties Martinque and Yanara shoots of Gerbera jamesonii, cultured on MS medium supplemented with 0.3 mg.L ^-1 Spermidine. The results indicated that 1/2 MS medium with free auxin NAA gave the highest percentage of rooting (75 %) Which differed significantly from the other concentrations of NAA. White light gave the hightest percentage of rooting (89 %), that was not significantly different from the red  li

A Factorial experiment within Randomized Complete Block Design was coducted during 2014, 2015 on wolly peach seedlings C.V Red June, which grafted on the seeded apricot , at the Dept. of Horticulture – Coll. Of Agric. – Univ. of Baghdad. The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of foliar application The seedlings were sprayed with four levels of organic fertilizer Botryfun is 0, 3, 4 and 5( Ml.ltr^-1) for each level by the symbol F₀, F₁, F₂ and F₃ respectively, growth prpmoter Biozyme three levels are 0, 2 and 4(Ml.ltr^-1) are indicated G which is G₀, G₁ and

A field experiment was conducted at the fields of field Crops Dept.- Coll. of Agric.Univ. of Baghdad  during winter season  2012 – 2013 . The objective of this experiment was to know the effect of the residual on of sulfur in soil and NPK fertilizers on some growth, yield components and grain yield of bread wheat Triticum aestivum L. , variety Abu – Ghraib 3. This experiment carried out , using factorial experiment within Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicats . The first variable, influence of sulfur residual from last season (0 ,2 ,4 ,6) Mg. ha^-1 . The second var

Field experiment was conducted by using randomized complete block design with three replicates to evaluate the effect of biofertilizer of   Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas  fluorescens alone or together with peatmoss or bentonite as carriers interacted with four mineral fertilizer levels (zero , 25% , 50% , and 75%) of the recommended level on the growth and yield of wheat (Alrasheed varity) , tow control treatments were used ,the first with out of biofertilizer and  mineral fertilizer and the second included the addition of the recommended level (100%) of mineral fertilizer  Significant ,effect of the addition of biofertilizer  supplemented with    minera

Variety of virulence factors are involved in the pathogenicity of Escherichia coli isolates, the common cause of the urinary tract infections.(UTIs). This study was aimed.to determine some virulence factors.involved in the pathogenicity.and the phylogenetic.grouping of uropathogenic E. coli isolates.from UTIs in compare.with isolates.from gut.microbiota (fecal flora) In.this study ,E coli isolates  were collected from  samples .urine (n = 25), fecal samples (n = 25) samples of  the same patients with UTI, and from fecal samples (n= 5 as control )of patients without UTI. The detection of phylogenetic grouping and some virulence genes among the all isolates were confirmed by PCR technique. The resul

A Field experiment was conducted using Factorial within Randomized Complete Block Design during 2014 and 2015 on the wolly peach seedlings cv Red June, which grafted on the seeded apricot, at the Dept. of Horticulture – Coll. Of Agric. – Univ. of Baghdad. The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of foliar application on organic fertilizer and growth promoter biozyme on growth of wolly peach. The tveatments were organic Fertilizer (Botryfun) (F) with 0, 3, 4 , 5 ( Ml.ltr ^-1) and biozyme (G) 0 , 2 , 4 ( Ml.ltr ^-1). The results revealed that the plants foliared by organic fertilizer F4 produced significantly highest values for all the studied traits. Plant hight iricveased 17.6, 35.5 cm, new

Research was conducted to assess the effect of  treated waste water  and dry sludge application on soil contamination by some pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Fecal coliform and Fecal streptococci, which used as an indicator organisms for soil contamination by bathogenic bacteria. Composting sludge (T2) and non composting dry sludge (T1) applied to soil  to assess the effect of compost of sludge on the number of pathogenic bacteria and soil contamination . Research consisted to identification and enumeration. The three pathogenic bacteria were examined at the mid and end of cultivation season. Factorial experiment with three replicate, using waste water treatment (W2) as a source of irr

Laboratory experiment was carried out to study kinetic of copper adsorption using silt clay loam calcareous Iraqi soil. 5ml of copper nitrate solutions (0,25,100 and500 mg Cu L^-1)that were prepared from Cu(NO₃)₂.3H₂O Added to (soil) and (soil+compost) treatments. Compost (0.05gm) was added to (soil+compost) treatment that equal 10g kg^-1 soil. The soil samples were incubated at 293±2 K for four incubation periods 24,168,336 and 672 h using Batch equilibrium technique. At each incubation period the soluble copper was determined and kinetic equations were tested. The results showed that the soi

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يتناول البحث الموقف السعودي من اعتداء الولايات المتحدة الامريكية على ليبيا في 15 نيسان1986 وبالتحديد موقف الصحافة السعودية من الاعتداء اذ ترك هذا الاعتداء صدى واسع ونتج عنه ردود فعل عالمية وعربية وكانت الصحافة السعودية حاضرة في ابداء موقفها من هذا الاعتداء واظهرت كل صحفها بما نشرته موقفها من الاعتداء بما يعكس الموقف الرسمي والشعبي  للملكة العربية السعودية  .

على الرغم من عدم وجود تاريخ اجتماعي مخصص ومفصل عن المدة الاسلامية الاولى والتي شملت جميع الاجناس والديانات التي قطنت الجزيرة العربية، فأن حقائق هذه المادة من الممكن جمعها من بطعون المصادر التاريخية التي اجهدت نفسها بتبيان التاريخ السياسي والعسكري، وبما ان مادة الدارسة سمط العوالي تحتم علينا الالتزام بما يتم طرحه دون الخروج من محتوى النصوص الا للتوضيح والتبيان، اذ لم يخرج المجتمع الاسلامي عن نظام المجتمعا

تمثل المؤسسات الدينية وعلى رأسها القضاء أهم مظاهر التطور، ففي القضاء يكون استقامة المجتمع وعدله، حيث حظي القضاء على مر العصور بمكانة رفيعة من خلال اهتمام الخلفاء والسلاطين بهذه المؤسسة، كما تطرق البحث إلى التغيير الكبير الذي حصل في الديار المصرية عند زوال حكم الفاطميين وابتداء حكم بني أيوب من خلال تغيير مذهب البلاد من الإسماعيلي إلى الشافعي وتغيير كل ما يلزم تغييره، هذا فضلاً عن ذكر أهم القضاة الذين تولوا

Students at secondary school, particularly at the beginning of their academic lives face many difficulties and problems in various psychological, educational, and social fields, which require them to make many decisions and solve problems that may confront them while maintaining their optimism and positivity for life in general and for academic life in particular. Thus, the current study aims to investigate the academic optimism of distinguished students and identify the differences in academic optimism in terms of gender. The researcher applied the scale to a sample of (336) students, (145) males, and (191) females, who were chosen randomly from distinguished schools. In order to achieve the research objectives, the researcher adopted t

This research had been achieved to identify the image of the subsurface structure representing the Tertiary period in the Galabat Field northeast of Iraq using 2D seismic survey measurements. Synthetic seismograms of the Galabat-3 well were generated in order to identify and pick the reflectors in seismic sections. Structural Images were drawn in the time domain and then converted to the depth domain by using average velocities. Structurally, seismic sections illustrate these reflectors are affected by two reverse faults affected on the Jeribe Formation and the layers below with the increase in the density of the reverse faults in the northern division. The structural maps show Galabat field, which consists of longitudinal Asymmetrical narr

Objective: to evaluate the results of (Modification of Russe method) in treatment of nonunion fracture scaphoid bone by bone graft with external splintage (plaster of paris cast (pop ). Methods:Prospective study done on 26 patients (24 male, 2 female), age range between 25-42 years (mean age 34 years), fracture site at middle 1/3 with minimal displacements with no carpal bone or radial bone injury, technique of Matte- Russe method (explore the bone through volar approach using bone graft from iliac crest (cortico-cancellous peg plus cancellus bone) with thumb spica for 90 days with period of follow up 12-18 months. Results: out of 26 patients treated by this method , 23 patients (88.5%) union was achieved radiologically by the end of 3rd mo

Abstract Objectives: to determine efficiency and safety of three misoprostol regimens for 2nd trimester pregnancy termination in individuals with two or more cesarean section scars. Methods: a cross-sectional study included 100 pregnant ladies at 13th-26th weeks gestation with previous two cesarean sections (CSs) who were scheduled for pregnancy termination using misoprostol. Patients were conveniently assigned to 100µg/3h, 200µg/3h or 400 µg/3h regimens. Primary outcome was time to abortion, secondary outcomes were side effect and complications. Results: a significant association was found between number previous CSs and longer time to abortion (p=0.01). A highly significant association was identified between earlier gestatio

Samples of water from some cities on Tigris river have been used to determine the concentration by the derivative activation analysis (DNAA) technique. Phosphor concentration was neutron determined by preparing complex (Phosphor Vanadium Moly date) ion P:V ratio of 1:2 After extraction by reagent organic MIBK and irradiation. The concentration was found to be (1.503-2.607) ppm.

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

مرّ المصطلح النحوي بمراحل حتى أصبح مصطلحا ثابتا يحمل المفاهيم النحوية ، ويتخذ وسيلة من وسائل البحث المنظم ، ويمثل كتاب الايضاح في علل النحو لأبي القاسم الزجّاجي (ت 337هـ ) الذي نتناوله بالبحث عن الجوانب المصطلحية مرحلة من البحث النحوي ، ترسّخت فيه الأصول النحويّة وانمازت الأبواب ، فضلاُ عن المصطلح الذي بدأ مستقراُ في أغلب استعمالاته العلميّة.

ان البايوميكانيك يلعب دورا مهما في تحقيق انجاز الكثير من الالعاب الرياضية، ورياضة السباحة واحدة من اهم تلك الالعاب وذلك من خلال تحسين وتطوير التكنيك، سواء كان هذا التكنيك لحركات السباحة او البداية او الدوران. وان اهمية معرفة التكنيك الامثل لسباح عالمي يكمن في تحديد نقاط الضعف والقوة للسباحين العراقيين.مشكلة البحث : ان الفارق في ازمنة سباقات السباحة وخصوصا سباقات السرعة بين السباحين العراقيين والسباحين ال

The poor hole cleaning efficiency could causes many problems such as high torque, drag, poor hydraulics and pipe stuck. These inherent problems result in an avoidable high operation cost which this study tried to address.  In this study, the effect of cutting density on hole cleaning efficiency in deviated and horizontal wells was investigated. Experiments were conducted using 40 feet (12 m) long of flow loop made from iron and PVC. However, the test section was made from PVC with (5.1m) long and (4” ID) for outer pipe and (2” OD) inner pipe. The cutting transport ratio (CTR) was determined from weight measurements for each test. Cutting Transport Ratio has been investigated for effects of the following parameters; flow rate, cu

A thin CdS Films have been evaporated by thermal evaporation technique with different thicknesses (500, 1000, 1500 and 2000Å) and different duration times of annealing (60, 120 180 minutes) under 573 K annealing temperature, the vacuum was about 8 × 10-5 mbar and substrate temperature was 423 K. The structural properties of the films have been studied by X- ray diffraction technique (XRD). The crystal growth became stronger and more oriented as the film thickness (T) and duration time of annealing ( Ta) increases.