Parochial Altruism
Coalitional Morality
Evolutionary Anthropology
Warfare
International Double Standards
Multilevel Selection
International Law
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Evolutionary anthropology poses an explicit challenge to human-centrism, casting doubt on the extent to which we have truly distanced ourselves from our animal origins, and on whether we have genuinely moved beyond the logic of "the struggle for survival" toward a universal ethics grounded in partnership, justice, and altruism. This study departs from the concept of "parochial altruism," understood as the co-evolution of in-group love and out-group hostility, and examines how this pairing produced, across our evolutionary history, a parochial moral system that prohibits violence within the group while permitting it without — and how this dynamic constitutes one of the root causes of warfare. The study draws on five graduated explanatory h
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