The paper shows how to estimate the three parameters of the generalized exponential Rayleigh distribution by utilizing the three estimation methods, namely, the moment employing estimation method (MEM), ordinary least squares estimation method (OLSEM),  and maximum entropy estimation method (MEEM). The simulation technique is used for all these estimation methods to find the parameters for the generalized exponential Rayleigh distribution. In order to find the best method, we use the mean squares error criterion. Finally, in order to extract the experimental results, one of object oriented programming languages visual basic. net was used

The Red Palm Weevil (RPW) Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) is well-known as serious insect pest of date palm and other palm species. The pest was firstly recorded in Iraq in 2015. This study was confirmed the identification of this pest using molecular diagnostic (PCR and sequence analysis) and investigate the genetic relationship by comparison of the sequences with other recorded copies worldwide. The results confirmed the identity of the R. ferrugineus (Olivier) molecularly. Ten copies of mitochondrial COI gene of Iraqi samples (MF092880.1- MF092889.1) were firstly registered in National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI). The sequences comparison of Iraqi sample genes with worldwide genes showed hi

Background: Implant stability is a mandatory factor for dental implant (DI) osseointegration and long-term success. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of implant length, diameter, and recipient jaw on the pre- and post-functional loading stability. Materials and methods: This study included 17 healthy patients with an age range of 24-61 years. Twenty-two DI were inserted into healed extraction sockets to replace missing tooth/ teeth in premolar and molar regions in upper and lower jaws. Implant stability was measured for each implant and was recorded as implant stability quotient (ISQ) immediately (ISQ0), and at 8 (ISQ8) and 12 (ISQ12) weeks postoperatively, as well as post-functional loading (ISQPFL). The pattern of implant

It takes a lot of time to classify the banana slices by sweetness level using traditional methods. By assessing the quality of fruits more focus is placed on its sweetness as well as the color since they affect the taste. The reason for sorting banana slices by their sweetness is to estimate the ripeness of bananas using the sweetness and color values of the slices. This classifying system assists in establishing the degree of ripeness of bananas needed for processing and consumption. The purpose of this article is to compare the efficiency of the SVM-linear, SVM-polynomial, and LDA classification of the sweetness of banana slices by their LRV level. The result of the experiment showed that the highest accuracy of 96.66% was achieved by the

Protecting information systems from manipulation and unauthorized access is extremely important. The Diffie-Hellman (DH) protocol is essential for key exchange because it is based on the discrete logarithm problem. Although widely used, this protocol is vulnerable to various attacks like man-in-the-middle, replay, and brute force due to its lack of validation mechanisms for authorized parties. The novel proposed algorithm treats these vulnerabilities and enhances the security of the DH scheme by performing authentication between the two parties based on the complete graph. We have used simple mathematical operations to ease implementation. The proposed work enhances the security of the DH algorithm by using the properties of the complete

The catalytic subunit The catalytic subunit  (P110α) of the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K), which is encoded by PI3KCA gene located in chromosome 3, has been found to be upregulated significantly in patients with breast cancer. The research aims to study single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP rs2108429654) located in exon 20. This SNP (rs2108429654) was genotyped in 70 women with breast cancer (50 postmenopausal and 20 premenopausal) and 40 control women using the DNA sequencing technique (Sanger method). According to statistical analysis of hormone receptors, prostaglandin hormone (PR), estrogen hormone (ER), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 hormones (HER-2) with menopausal st

The output argon plasma stream was generated, and its properties were studied. The deionized water was formed using the optically described plasma stream. The titanium plate was melted using a needle with the argon gas stream. An analysis was conducted on the emission spectra of the plasma generated within the argon gas plasma jet system at different operating voltages, a flow rate of 4 L/min, and the pressure of the atmosphere. The amounts of NO₂, NO₃, and H₂O₂ that the lab will treat to evaluate their impact on removing bacterial aggregation were determined by measuring the absorbance of the plasma-treated water at wavelengths between 300 and 400 nm. Using optical emission spectrometry (OES),

The use of remote sensing technology and modeling methodologies to monitor changes in land surface temperature (LST) and soil moisture index (SMI) has become an essential reference for making decisions on sustainable land use. This study aims to estimate LST and SMI in Karbala Province to contribute to land management, urban planning, or climate resilience in the region; as a result of environmental changes in recent years, LANDSAT Satellite Imagery from 2013- 2023 was implemented to estimate the LST and SMI indexes. ArcGIS 10.7 package was used to calculate the indices, and the normalized mean vegetation index (NDVI) was calculated as it is closely related to extracting the LST and SMI indices. The results showed that extracting the veg

In the present work, the detailed calculations of a nuclear collision (deuteron + gold) (D+Au) using the sharp surface density profile as a function of collision impact parameter at center of mass energy (√s_NN = 200 GeV) are presented. The number of nucleons that participate in the collisions, in addition to the differential elastic cross-section, at different energies was calculated. The study of the effect of various energies on the outcome of intranuclear nucleon collisions can be carried out by varying the energy of each collision. Thus, properties of the particles resulting from the collision are observed by the different high energies, √s = 200, 56, 200, 2760, and 5440  GeV . The nuclear overlapping functio

Removing cationic and ionic dyes from aqueous solutions has been studied using mesoporous silica. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was used as a template and sodium silicate, a low-cost precursor of silica, was used in the Sol-gel process. The N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms; TEM, XRD, and SEM were used to analyze the silica particles. The findings demonstrate that mesoporous silica (MPS) particles in the nano range (40-80 nm) have the form of flower particles, with an average pore width of 3.44 nm, a precise surface area of 423.52 m²g-¹, and a pore volume of 0.5677 cm3/g. These particles may effectively adsorb dyes. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Timken models of adsorption suited the adsorption

Due to its high solubility and unpredictable behavior, gypsum content is significantly challenging in engineering tests and agriculture processes. Another crucial element is that it causes long-term groundwater pollution and impacts buildings. This study explores the distribution and characteristics of gypsum soil in Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq, integrating field sampling, remote sensing techniques, and GIS tools. The land cover of the research area (27,751 km²) was classified into four types: 15% bar soil, 40% structures, 16% vegetation and agricultural fields, and 8% water bodies. Gypsum content was measured using the Al-Mufty approach, while reflectance indices interpolation techniques, such as the Bar Soil Index (BSI) a

There is increased interest in using safe substances for human health, such as creating nanoparticles in an easy and affordable manner to solve the issue of antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study was to create a new antibacterial agent by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract (ScE) to biosynthesize selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), that inhibit the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). From 150 swabs taken from various clinical sources from patients at several hospitals in Baghdad, thirty-six S. aureus were isolated and diagnosed based on phenotypic characteristics, biochemical tests and then confirmed by PCR via targeting 16S rRNA gene for S. aureus, and m

Global spreading happened for a novel coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 that emerged in 2019. The viral genetic diversity studies help us to comprehend the virus’s transmission, pathogenesis, and epidemiology. The main aim of this study is to improve the dataset of Iraqi SARS-CoV-2 mutation, monitor virus spread and evolution, and identify possible mutation patterns. As seen from this study, all the sequenced positive samples had mutations in variable regions of N gene. It was discovered in 23 local isolates that 18 were Omicron associated with moderate infections, accounting for 61.1%. The remaining isolates comprised three Alpha and two Beta variants, all associated with severe infection, caused mutation leading to alteration of amino ac

The 2D electrical resistivity method was applied in four selected locations between Hit-Kubaiysa regions, Al- Anbar Governorate, western Iraq. This technique was implemented using the Wenner-Schlumberger array in four survey lines, each line covers 1190m distance. The robust least squares method was used for obtaining the inverted models. The absolute error percentage was less than 0.1%. On the lights of interpretation results, two zones were delineated in the locations of two inverted sections: the first zone represents the Euphrates Formation, while the second zone represents the Dammam Formation. While, in the locations of the other two sections, three zones were found: the first zone represents the Euphrates Formation, the second zon

The objective of this study was to design and synthesize novel sulfa drugs by incorporating different cyclic imides into their structures. This goal was achieved in two steps. In the first step, four selected sulfa drugs, including sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfadiazine, and sulfamethoxazole, were reacted with different cyclic anhydrides, namely (maleic, phthalic, and succinic) anhydrides producing N-Drug amic acids (1-6). In the second step, the dehydration of compounds (1-6) was carried out through a fusion process to produce the target corresponding imides (N-Drug imides) (7-12). The results of the biological activity study indicated that the developed drugs (7-12

The authors introduce novel subclasses within the univalent and bi-univalent function classes in the open unit disk . Using a newly defined operator, the study explores the properties of holomorphic bi-univalent functions in , focusing on parameters such as the Taylor-Maclaurin coefficients , the Fekete-Szegö functional, and the second-order Hankel determinant. These parameters are critical for understanding the geometric and holomorphic characteristics of these functions. The investigation emphasizes the significance of the proposed operator and subclasses under varying parameter conditions, contributing valuable insights to geometric function theory. Derived corollaries further refine existing results, demonstrating practical applicat

We consider linear decreasing deteriorating of processing times  of jobs on single machine, i.e., P_(i )=Ƥ_(i )-β_(i ) t_(i ),  〖0<β〗_(i )<1  and 〖t 〗_(i )≥0, where P_(i )  is actual process,  Ƥ_(i )  is a basic process for job i ,  β_(i )  is decreasing rate , t_(i )  is a starting time of job i  with  n- jobs, non- preemptive, no - idle on a single machine. We study some classical criteria as make span, total completion time, total lateness times, total waiting times, maximum lateness times and maximum tardiness times, important conclusion dependent on the decreasing rate of expected of basic process of jobs with respect to its decreasing rate when a basic process is random variable in general case. 

The content of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) is a crucial property of biodiesel and serves as an indicator of the transesterification reaction that converts vegetable oil into biodiesel. To facilitate the rapid estimation of FAME quickly in the biodiesel industries, simple methods such as measuring refractive index, density, and dynamic viscosity measurements were employed to monitor the progress of transesterification of castor oil to biodiesel. Blends of castor oil and biodiesel were mixed at different weights to find correlations between FAME content and refractive index, density, and dynamic viscosity measurements. The transesterification of castor oil with methanol was carried out to examine how the refractive index, density, and

Chloroxylenol is widely used in hospitals and other healthcare facilities to reduce the growth or the microbial load of pathogens. What’s more, biofilms are a major challenge in treating P. aeruginosa infections. The genes of PslA and pelA in two operons encode two polysaccharide polymers present in the biofilm of P. aeruginosa, Psl and Pel, respectively. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the contribution of chloroxylenol to the inhibition of the P. aeruginosa biofilm. Here, the intensity of biofilms was determined by the crystal violet and microtiter plate method, whereas the RT-qPCR technique was adopted to illustrate the effect of chloroxylenol on the expres

The upregulation of aquaporin 3 (AQP3) channels in the cell membrane promotes malignant cell migration, proliferation, and invasive capabilities. The translation inhibition of AQP3 mRNA in the 3̍-UTR of AQP3 crucial for reducing the synthesis of AQP3 channels and preventing or lowering breast cell migrations and proliferations. Promoter markers such as hypoxia inducible factor one alpha (HIF-1α), tumor suppressor protein (p53), and estradiol (E2) are associated with the progression of breast mass disease and also induce the AQP3 expression. The aim of this study is to investigation the possible association of SNP (rs16919255) in 3̍-UTR of AQP3 gene with the intracellular levels of HIF-1α, p53, and E2. Sixty–five breast tum

This study addresses the challenge of identifying Pliocene reservoir channels where small quantities of hydrocarbons can cause misleading Class III AVO anomalies, leading to inaccurate predictions of commercially unviable gas. It explores whether seismic attributes, such as far amplitude, in combination with well-log data, can confirm the presence of a prospective anomaly. This is especially relevant for the Kanaria Pliocene feature within the Baltim North area, offshore in the Nile Delta. To investigate this, we employed a range of post-stack seismic inversion techniques, including colored inversion, sparse spike inversion, band-limited inversion, and model-based inversion, to delineate the hydrocarbon-rich sands in the Kanaria Pliocene

     Aerial photogrammetry offers the insights necessary to guide projects, and it is a powerful tool for civil and construction engineers. Using rapid computer vision (C.V.) photogrammetry development, structure from motion (SfM) algorithms became an integral part of the photogrammetry technique. Integrating SfM algorithms and photogrammetry through the so-called print-grammetry technique allows the creation of real-world 3D models, avoiding the need for site visiting and fieldwork. This study aims to assess three print-grammetry scenarios for capturing screen images from the Google Earth (GE) Pro using various camera orientation settings to follow these advancements. Images were captured automatically, allowing the user to set the

Cybercriminals or hackers design malware programs with malicious intent to steal, spy, and destroy victim's computers. Malware encompasses various forms, such as viruses, trojans, ransomware, spyware, and adware, each requiring effective classification for accurate identification and mitigation. High-quality datasets are crucial for training classification models, and the CIC-MalMem-2022 dataset, containing 58,596 records and 55 numerical features, is an essential resource in this regard. This study used artificial intelligence techniques and algorithms such as KNN, Decision Tree, Random Forest, SVM, and Naïve Bays, as well as supervised and hybrid machine learning by integrating Random Forest and K-Nearest Neighbors KNN to improve clas

Infertility is a global health issue presenting both biological and social implications for males and females. Current literature concerning male infertility has been linked to a reduction of glutathione levels in the seminal plasma of men. Despite a growing body of literature on global infertility, there is currently little genetic research investigating the association of genetic polymorphisms with male infertility in Iraq. This study aims to explore the association of Glutathione-s-transferase gene polymorphisms (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1) with Iraqi male infertility. Single and double gene test analyses were performed to study the differences between study groups. Genetic analysis of the target genes GSTM

Coronaviruses, including the novel SARS-CoV-2, have led to a global pandemic, emphasizing the crucial role of T cells in mounting effective immune responses. This study investigates the correlation between cytotoxic T cells (CD8), vitamin D3 (VD3), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in a sample of Iraqi COVID-19 patients and vaccinated individuals. A total of 120 participants were included, comprising COVID-19 patients and vaccinated individuals. Samples were collected between October 2021 and February 2022. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used for COVID-19 diagnosis. VD3 and CD8 levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits, while CRP levels were measured via the ICHROMA system