The plant Abrus precatorius, which belong to Leguminosae (Fabaceae) family and known as Crab’s eyes, Rosary pea with characteristic red and black seeds. It was used in folk medicine in India, China and East Asian countries for treatment of various diseases.

   The plant was extracted by '' general method of extraction'' (Harborne, 1973) using 80% aqueous ethanol as a solvent of extraction by soxhlet apparatus. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical screening were performed on the crude ethanolic extract  and revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids ,terpenoids and phytosterols in Iraqi Abrus pr

Cyclophosphamide which acts as cytotoxic alkylating agent can induce a renal damage through the toxic metabolites which result from metabolic activation of Cyclophosphamide by cytochrome P-450 inside hepatocyte and develop renal toxicity by direct binding with cellular organelles in the urinary tract cells. Guggulsterone is a sterol derived from plant has ability to bind to farsenoid X receptor, mineral corticosteroid receptor, androgen receptor, glucocorticoid receptor and estrogen receptor.

The core objective of this study was to investigate the physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid composition of the oils of sunflower, olive, virgin coconut and ginger oils, as well as the separation of their unsaturated fatty acids. The data indicated a significant variation in physicochemical properties (acid, saponification, ester, and iodine values) among oils. Transesterification process was carried out at a molar ratio of 1:7:0.1 of oil: methanol: KOH. Fatty acid methyl esters of oils were analyzed by infrared (IR) and gas chromatography–mass (GC-MS) spectrometry. Twelve fatty acids were identified, where the major fatty acid of  olive oil was found to be  oleic acid (89%), whereas those of sunflower and ging

     Carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) formed by one-step laser ablation in deionized water were carefully studied. Scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and U_V–V spectroscopy were used to obtain morphological, chemical, and optical properties of CNPs. SEM outcomes established that the synthesized nanoparticles are semi-spherical with a wide particle size distribution. Raman investigation showed two typical and expected peaks ~ (1300 - 2700) cm⁻¹, which are confirming to transverse and longitudinal modes of the carbon structure. The absorption spectra proved that the intensity of spectra increases as particle size and concentration increase.

The corrosion behaviour of carbon steel in 1M HCl solution containing various
concentration of methyl urea range (10-35×10-2)M at temperature range (285-
313)K was investigated. The corrosion inhibitive action of methyl urea on carbon
steel was studied using weight loss measurement and atomic absorption analysis to
find the amounts of dissolved metal in acidic solution in presence and absence of
methyl urea. The results showed that urea caused protection efficiency reached to
82% when (10-3)M methyl urea concentration was used. The coverage () of metal
surface by methyl urea could be obtained from the rate of corrosion in the presence
and absence of methyl urea in the acid solution. Results

     In this study the as-deposited and heat treated at 423K of conductive blende graphene oxide (GO) / poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) thin films was prepared with different PEDOT:PSS concentration (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0)wt% on pre-cleaned glass substrate by spin coating technique. The energy dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) show the existence of higher amount of carbon and oxygen related to hydroxyl and carbonyl  groups. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the as-deposited and annealed GO/PEDOT:PSS thin films blend indicated that the film prepared  show broad peak around 8.24 corresponding to the (001) level refers to GO, this peak shifted to the lower 2θ with increasing PEDOT:PSS concentr

The sewage water is the main sources of pollution for the Tigris river for that reason this study was done,The ability of nature treatment were examined along the path of alkarazi valley which was covered with reed plant also the phytoremidation were examined at the establish unit(surface flow system) which was vegetative with the plant Eichhornia crassipes .The result shows that elements which can be removed by precipitation efficiency removal like turbidity where its removal percentage at the unit of treatment reached 95.2 %where the percentage of removal through the Alkarazi was 50.4%.The removal percentage of E.coli at the unit was 90.2% where the percentage of removal through the Alkarazi was 52%.The biological oxygen demand removal

Suppose that  is a finite group and  is a non-empty subset of  such that  and . Suppose that  is the Cayley graph whose vertices are all elements of  and two vertices  and  are adjacent if and only if . In this paper, we introduce the generalized Cayley graph denoted by  that  is a graph with vertex set consists of all column matrices  which all components are in  and two vertices  and  are adjacent if and only if , where  is a column matrix that each entry is the inverse of similar entry of  and  is  matrix with all entries in  ,  is the transpose of  and . In this paper, we clarify some basic properties of the new graph and assign the structure of  when  is complete graph , complete bipartite graph  and complete

     The evaluation of the Nfayil limestones in Bahr Al-Najaf Depression as construction materials was done on 15 sites distributed over a region. The study included field and laboratory aspects. The field side included collecting information about the study area and samples. As for the laboratory side, laboratory tests were conducted to study the thermal conductivity of samples by a device called Lee’s disc in the Tikri University. The thermal conductivity results ranged between 2.34 and 0.27. The rocks are of high thermal insulation at low temperatures and low insulation at high temperatures according to the specifications of the suitability of limestone for thermal conductivity standards (ASTM C 1057-03-2010).

Purpose: This paper aims to measure poverty in Iraq and its sub-indicators using a multidimensional methodology. It also examines the robustness and sensitivity of the estimated indicators and models the determinants of poverty through a binary logistic regression approach.

Theoretical framework: Poverty is commonly measured through two primary methodologies. The first is a one-dimensional approach, which defines poverty as insufficient income to meet a specific set of needs required for a decent standard of living. The second is a multidimensional approach, which aligns with Amartya Sen's capabilities framework. Sen conceptualizes poverty as "the deprivation of basic capabilities rather than mere

Two sensitive and fast spectrophotometric methods using batch and flow-injection procedures for the determination of paracetamol are proposed. The methods are based on the formation of a red dye between this drug and diazotized 4-nitroaniline in sodium carbonate medium. The reaction conditions are studied and optimized for both batch and flow injection procedures. The calibration graphs resulting from measuring the absorbance at 528 nm are linear over the ranges 0.5 – 20 and 1 – 150 μg mL-1 of paracetamol with relative standard deviations of 1.2420% and 1.5634% for batch and flow-injection methods, respectively. The methods are applied to the routine analysis of paracetamol in pharmaceutical preparations. The obtained results agree

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the importance of waste recycling in addressing economic, social and environmental problems facing most countries of the world, especially developing countries, including Iraq, Where Iraq has not developed a recycling strategy for waste considering the economic and climatic changes that the world is witnessing with the increase in population growth rates and the expansion of cities.

Theoretical Framework: Many economists, such as (Kirrchher J., & et al., 2017; Murray, A., & et al., 2015; Prieto-Sandoval V. & et al., 2018; Williams, 2013) have also highlighted the importance of practices in production and waste management, to provide a new

Purpose: This study investigates the factors influencing the decision to use Apple Pay in Vietnam. It seeks to understand how various perceptions and expectations shape consumer behavior toward adopting wireless payment systems.

Theoretical framework: The research framework is built upon established theories related to technology acceptance and consumer behavior. Key influencing factors examined include Security Perception, Utility Perception, Performance Expectation, Usage Attitude, Ecosystem, and Ease of Use.

Design/methodology/approach: A mixed-methods approach was utilized, combining qualitative and quantitative research methods. A survey was conducted with a sample of

Purpose: Measuring the connection between the effect of the (EX) and GDP in Iraq.

Theoretical Framework: The research addressed the impact of the exchange rate on Iraq's gross domestic product. The research problem revolves around the lack of an exchange rate policy that stimulates investment and production as a result of the economic challenges that Iraq is suffering from, especially since the exchange rate is linked to the trends of the general budget and imports, which led to the weakness of the impact of this monetary instrument on the economy. Therefore, the research raises the problem of whether the exchange rate used in Iraq impacts the gross domestic product.

Design/Methodol

Purpose: This research emphasizes the need for the organization to redistribute powers and responsibilities internally, empower its human resources, and grant it various powers to present the opinions and proposals necessary to achieve this.

Theoretical Framework: According to researchers (Ritchie-Dunham & Puente, 2008), the organization needs to establish its roots in its surrounding environment, it needs to strengthen its mental image and recognize the role that strategic clarity plays in achieving this.

Design/Methodology/Approach: Analysis of study data in three colleges (2023-2024), using strategic clarity in its components (clarity of goals, clarity of organizatio

Crud extracts of N. sativa seeds were prepared :Oil extract using soxhelt (OS), Oil extract using Reflux(OR),ethanol extract (EE), aqueous extract (AE )and buffer extract (BE).
The chemical tests indicated that N. sativa seeds have the active compounds include, alkaloids , tannins , glycosides, resins, saponins, coumorins and flavonoids The antimicrobial activity against 50 isolates (40 clinical isolates, 7 isolates from hospitals contamination and 3 standard strains )were studied by using disk diffusion and wells methods, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by using agar dilution method . The results revealed that the most efficienty extracts were OR ,followed

Cretaceous stratigraphic water bearing units were evaluated hydrogeologically in combination with hydraulic parameters derived from single (productive) well test. The main recharge of water bearing units comes from percolation of precipitation. Generally all the tested wells taping water bearing units are productive wells and partially penetrating. The transmissivity values obtained by recovery test methods both by INFINITE EXTENT and AQTESOLVE 4.02 software programs reveal as high as double values calculated by constant pumping test methods, particularly for the Balambo aquifer, thus constant pumping test results were employed. While results for the Tanjero Formation are close and similar, therefore both methods were considered in calcu

Plasma and nanotechnology are potentially effective preventive measures against dental caries. This study aims to determine the impact of cold atmospheric plasma and PLGA/Xylitol nanoparticles on dental enamel microhardness and morphological changes in dental enamel ultrastructure. Methodology: In this study, 56 maxillary first premolars were divided into five groups: one control group, four study groups, each with 11 teeth; 10 teeth were examined for microhardness; and one tooth was examined using SEM. A circular window was placed on the buccal surface of each tooth. Following a PH cycling technique to activate caries lesions on the tooth enamel, cold plasma was performed using predetermined parameters. The PLGA/Xylitol nanoparticle con

Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate was isolated from soil. The antibacterial activity of crude extract of this isolate was determined against pathogenic bacteria (Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus) which are isolated from patients with skin infections. The extraction of this substance was done and study it characterization after purified by silica gel chromatography, It was stable within range of pH (5-9) at 37 ºC for 24 hr. and inactivated by serum at concentration > 50%. The substance was soluble in methylene chloride, chloroform, acetone, sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid and it was insoluble in water, methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane.

Eight new binuclear metal complexes of pentaaza bimacrocyclic rings were prepared by condensation reactions of benzidine, formaldehyde, and o- phenylene diamine (o-p D) with one of the diketones: acetyl acetone (acac), dibenzoyl (DB), or dibenzoyl methane (DBM) in presence of Mn(II), Co(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) chlorides, or with 1,2- dicyanobenzene (DCB) in presence of Zn(II) chloride in molar ratios of 1:4:4:2:2 respectively. Structures and bonding behaviour of complexes were characterized by elemental and thermal analyses, I.R and U.V-Visible spectra together with conductivity measurements and magnetic susceptibility. Octahedral geometries, were suggested for all prepared complexes. Five of the studied complexes exhibited fluorescence

This study showed that the flight ability index of the irradiated adult of
OWSWF, Chrysomya bezziana as 5 days old pupae with the doses ranged 15-90 Gy
was not significantly different from that of the control group during an experiment
carried out under laboratory conditions. But when the experiment was carried out
under field conditions, there was considerable decreases in the flight ability &
dispersal of the irradiated flies which irradiated as 5 days old pupae with the
following doses of gamma rays 45 & 75 Gy then released at the temperature of (18-
20)C, while an increases in the flight ability & dispersal were noticed if the flies
released at the temperature of (31-34)C &amp

The main purpose of this research is to test the effect of talent management strategies on organizational ingenuity in several colleges of the University of Baghdad (College of Physical Education for Girls, College of Physical Education and Physical Sciences, Main College of Fine Arts, and the sub-college of fine arts). The research problem was diagnosed through the most important questions (What is the extent of awareness and adoption of talent management strategies and organizational ingenuity in the organizations under study?). The research adopted the descriptive analytical approach in order to study the phenomenon thoroughly. The questionnaire was the main tool for collecting data and information. The research samp

Purpose: The purpose of the research was to determine if psychological empowerment might be regarded as a critical component in raising employees' contextual performance in the workplace. Or do other elements come into play when defining professional performance?

Theoretical framework: The goal of the study was to draw attention to how crucial contextual performance and psychological empowerment are as fundamental management ideas in the area under investigation.

Design/methodology/approach: The research used a descriptive methodology, resolution-based tool analysis, tabulation, and analysis using a ready statistical software. (SPSS). The Office of the Shia Endowment/Admini

The research sample is the Iraqi Central Bank. It aims to identify the initiatives of the Iraqi Central Bank, indicating loan size and financial allocations provided to the private industrial sector, besides learning this sector's contribution to the national economy after implementing these initiatives to address the research problem, which is that the private industrial sector suffers from many problems and difficulties, the most important of which is the financing problem for economic reasons, and here comes the role of the Central Bank of Iraq through its initiatives in supporting the economic sectors including the private industrial sector. The research is based on the hypothesis that the Iraqi Central Bank, through its initiatives,

The growth of using electronic devices has led to the development of a new pollution type that has been referred to as noise, radio frequency interference, or electromagnetic radiation (EM). The identification of lightweight PMMA/Gr/Ag nanocomposites has led to the discovery of a new hybrid polymer composite. Electrical conductivity, High Electromagnetic (EM) Shielding Effectiveness (SE) in a frequency range of 8.20-12.40GHz (x-band), dielectric characteristics, and differential thermal analysis were used to examine PMMA/Gr/Ag. Using the solvent casting process, a hybrid PMMA/Gr/Ag nanocomposite was created. The hybrid composite's electrical conductivity demonstrates that D.C conductivity is around 1.6×10-6 S/ cm as concentration i

     This research sought early signs of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The current research's objectives are to identify collagenase-3 (CL-3) in RA patients with and without T2DM as a disease complication, compare these findings to those of a control group, and ascertain whether or not CL-3 correlates with all of the parameters that were examined in each group. In the present research, (150) participants all between the ages of 30 and 50 were divided into three groups: (G1) control (N=50), (G2) RA (N=50), and (G3) RA with T2DM (N=50). Collagenase-3, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), erythrocyte sedimentaion (ESR), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP), and rheumatoid factor (RF) were all mea

The study aimed to determine how the oil refinery water affected the growth characteristics of the radish plant. The refinery's water treatment unit's main isolation basins, representing the first factor, pre-treatment water, initiate the cycle, while the final sedimentation basin provides the second factor, post-treatment water. It was used two factors and three replications, with each factor containing seven volumes: 0.00, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3 Ml/kg. After soil preparation, wastewater was added. It was sowed radish seeds and, after 55 days, doubled the quantity of oil waste water to irrigate the plants. It was harvested the plants during the flowering stage, 129 days after sowing and measured the plant's height, number o

The suggested mathematical model for studying the effect of refuge on the dissolved oxygen in the plankton ecosystem is based on measurements of dissolved oxygen, phytoplankton, and zooplankton populations. The aim of this work is to find out the potential equilibrium and to investigate their behaviour. The study shows that there are three points of equilibrium. The feasibility requirements and stability conditions for all steady states are determined. Using the consumption of oxygen by zooplankton as a bifurcation parameter, we test for the presence of Hopf- bifurcation for the interior equilibrium. It is shown what conditions must be met for stable limit cycles. Finally, a numerical simulation is conducted to back up the analytical fin

In this study, all 100 samples were collected from people suffering from burns, wounds, ear infections, blood, sputum samples, and urine from both genders. The specimens were collected from medical city hospitals during the period between September 2022 and January 2023. The results of culture and biochemical tests showed that 50 isolates were P. aeruginosa. The VITEK2 compact system confirmed the identity of 35 isolates. A VITEK2 compact system tested 35 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for drug susceptibility. These strains were resistant to Cefotaxime 25 (71.43%), Ceftazidime 25 (71.43%), Cefepime 25 (71.43%), Imipenem 22 (62.86%), Meropenem 23 (65.71%), 22 (62.86%), Gentamicin 22 (62.86%), Ciprofloxacin 18 (51.43%), and No

In this paper, the Active Suspension System (ASS) of road vehicles was investigated. In addition to the conventional stiffness and damper, the proposed ASS includes a fuzzy controller, a hydraulic actuator, and an LVDT position sensor. Furthermore, this paper presents a nonlinear model describing the operation of the hydraulic actuator as a part of the suspension system. Additionally, the detailed steps of the fuzzy controller design for such a system are introduced. A MATLAB/Simulink model was constructed to study the proposed ASS at different profiles of road irregularities. The results have shown that the proposed ASS has superior performance compared to the conventional Passive Suspension System (PSS), where the body displacemen