تشكلت أزمة العقلانية العلمية المعاصرة من وجود تفاوت بين الفلسفة والعلم ، ومن هو بين العقلانية الصورية والعقلانية التجريبية ، وتباعد منهجي بين منظومة الغايات ومنظومة الوسائل

هذا اللاتماثل بين الاتجاهين يقف وراءه التشبث بالمنطلقات وتضيف مجال التأسيس في عناصر محدودة ، ومقولبة والارتكاز على أنساق مغلقة والإسناد إلى قيم تقليدية ورفض التجديد والتقدم.

لقد فطن غاستون باشلار إلى هذه الأزمة التي أصابت ال

          هذا البحث هو محاولة لدراسة النظام الصوتي للهجة البغدادية في ضوء نظرية الصفات المميزة لغرض معرفة إلى أي حد تكون هذه النظرية قابلة للتطبيق على اللهجة اللغوية المذكورة قيد الدراسة في هذا البحث. إنَّ الهدف الرئيسي هنا هو معرفة إمكانية تصنيف الأصوات العربية البغدادية ضمن مجاميع معينة استنادا إلى صفاتها الصوتية المميزة. لذا فان البحث يركز على دراسة أصوات اللهجة البغدادية ف

يفتقد المختصون والباحثون بشؤون الادارة المدرسية الى الاداة التي يتم من خلالها تقويم أداء مديري مدارس التعليم العام إلا من اساليب محدودة تعتمد فقد على الزيارات الى المدارس التي تحمل لجانب التفتيشي لأعمال الادارة المدرسية وسجلاتها، كما تعتمد الآراء الشخصية لمشرفى المدارس في المدير، لذا فقد هدف البحث الحالي الى بناء اداة لتقويم اداء مديري مدارس التعليم العام في العراق في ضوء مهماتهم الادارية ضمن المجالات: (

تركز الدراسة الحالية على عناصر النقد البيئي في مسرجة حكاية شتاء (1610- 1611) للمسرحي وليام شكسبير 1564-1616)، التي تعدّ مثالا بارزا على الكتابة الأدبية التي تعبّر عن وعي بيئي. وبعد تفحّص إسهامات شكسبير في فهم الطبيعة، يمكن القول إن الطبيعة واحدة من المفاهيم الأساسية لدى المؤلف المذكور. فقد كان مدركا جدا للعلاقة بين الطبيعة والانسان، وأهمية الطبيعة بوصفها موضوعا نفعيا وروحيا. لذا فإن مفهوم شكسبير للطبيعة تلوّنه نبرات

استهدف البحث الحالي التعرف ب:

• التصورات المستقبلية لدى الطلبة المتواجدين في ثانويات المتميزين.
• دلالة الفروق ذات الدلالة الإحصائية في التصورات المستقبلية تبعا لمتغير الجنس (الذكور والإناث).
• توجهات الهدف لدى الطلبة المتواجدين في ثانويات المتميزين.
• دلالة الفروق ذات الدلالة الإحصائية في توجهات الهدف تبعا لمتغير الجنس (الذكور والإناث).
• العلاقات الارتباطية بين التصورات المستقبلية

لقد طبع الله تعالى النفس الانسانية على حب الجمال، والتغني به أينما وجد فهي فطرة إنسانية عند البشر، فتطرب الأذن لسماع كل جميل كما ويعشق القلب كل جميل وانطلاقا من ذلك كان بحثنا بعنوان ((القيم الجمالية في شعر ابن زمرك)) دراسة فنية، وقد تطلب ذلك تقسيم البحث على مبحثين، تقدمهما تمهيدا مقسما على  فقريين، كانت إحداهما في بيان مفهوم القيمة والجمال، أما الأخرى؛ فكانت إضاءة بسيطة لحياة ابن زمرك إذ لابد من معرفة سطور

Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have been synthesized via reduction of sodium tetrachloroaurate dihydrate (NaAuCl4.2H2O) with 2-(2-methyl-5-amino -1H-imidazol-1-yl) ethanol (2-MAE) in presence and absence of ascorbic acid as reducing and stabilizing agents. The resulting Au NPs were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), FT-IR spectroscopy. The absorption spectra of gold nanoparticles solutions in the uv-visible and near IR regions were studied at different amine concentrations and pH media.

Tin chloride of 1M concentration was used as the precursor, and neodymium chloride was used as a dopant (with different doping ratios) to create pure and neodymium (Nd) doped tin oxide (SnO2) thin films with varied doping ratios (1, 3 and 5) wt%. Using UV-visible absorbance and XRD patterns, it was possible to analyze the impact of Nd doping ratio on the optical and structural characteristics of the produced thin films. All samples have a polycrystalline structure that is identical to the conventional SnO2 peaks, according to XRD measurements. As the doping ratio rises, the crystallinity falls. At doping ratio of 5wt%, a new phase emerged for Nd2O3. According to optical characteristics, the transmittance rises with doping ratio, from 4.1

        In this research, an investigation for the compatibility of the IRI-2016 and ASAPS international models was conducted to evaluate their accuracy in predicting the ionospheric critical frequency parameter (f_oF2) for the years 2009 and 2014 that represent the minimum and maximum years of solar cycle 24. The calculations of the monthly average f_oF2 values were performed for three different selected stations distributed over the mid-latitude region. These stations are Athens - Greece (23.7^o E, 37.9 ^o N), El Arenosillo - Spain (-6.78 ^o E, 37.09 ^o N), and Je Ju - South Korea (124.53 ^o E, 33.6 ^o N). The calculated v

The Early Jurassic (Liassic) sequence crops out in numerous anticlines of the high folded zone of north and north-east Iraq and in the Rutba subzone (including Ubaid Formation) in west Iraq. The present study deals with siliciclastic / carbonate rocks of the 58 m-thick Ubaid Formation at Zor Hauran valley in south western Iraq. The formation consists of two parts; the lower part is composed of pebbly coarse sandstone and greenish to yellowish soft marl alternated with marly dolostone, while the upper part is characterized by light brown, well bedded dolostone, with stromatolite structure in some locations. Oval, light to dark brown nodules of chert are also present.

     A detailed field lithological desc

     This research aims to study the effect of different pH values on the growth of CdTe nanoparticles during specific times. The reflux method has been used as a method for preparing CdTe quantum dots. A difference in absorbance and intensities of peaks at pH 10.5 and 11.5 was observed during the reaction period. The growth rate of the NPs (nucleation) was irregular at low pH values. Optical examinations showed that the best growth rate of NPs was at pH value 12.

     Optical Character Recognition (OCR) research includes computer vision, artificial intelligence, and pattern recognition. Character recognition has garnered a lot of attention in the last decade due to its broad variety of uses and applications, including multiple-choice test data, business documents (e.g., ID cards, bank notes, passports, etc.), and automatic number plate recognition. This paper introduces an automatic recognition system for printed numerals. The automatic reading system is based on extracting local statistical and geometrical features from the text image. Those features are represented by eight vectors extracted from each digit. Two of these features are local statistical (A, A _th), and six are local

Frequent data in weather records is essential for forecasting, numerical model development, and research, but data recording interruptions may occur for various reasons. So, this study aims to find a way to treat these missing data and know their accuracy by comparing them with the original data values. The mean method was used to treat daily and monthly missing temperature data. The results show that treating the monthly temperature data for the stations (Baghdad, Hilla, Basra, Nasiriya, and Samawa) in Iraq for all periods (1980-2020), the percentage for matching between the original and the treating values did not exceed (80%). So, the period was divided into four periods.  It was noted that most of the congruence values increased, re

      Several studies have shown that certain microbes, mainly bacteria may have the ability to digest plastic wastes. The goal of this study was to see how well Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus lentus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Kocuria paedia degrade three kinds of oil-based plastics: low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene (PS) and polyvinylchloride (PVC) polymer sheets. The experiment was conducted for 30 days under laboratory conditions with occasional shaking at 180 rpm and 32°C. Biodegradation was measured in terms of weight loss.. Accordingto IR Spectroscopy, the C-H stretch band at 2920cm-1 improved as a result of bacterial degradation of polyethyl

     In this paper, the propose is to use the xtreme value distribution as the rate of occurrence of the non-homogenous Poisson process, in order to improve the rate of occurrence of the non-homogenous process, which has been called the Extreme value Process. To estimate the parameters of this process, it is proposed to use the Maximum Likelihood method, Method of Moment and a smart method represented by the Artificial Bee Colony:(ABC) algorithm to reach an estimator for this process which represents the best data representation. The results of the three methods are compared through a simulation of the model, and it is concluded that the estimator of (ABC) is better than the estimator of the maximum likelihood method and method of mo

The root-mean square-radius of proton, neutron, matter and charge radii, energy level, inelastic longitudinal form factors, reduced transition probability from the ground state to first-excited 2⁺ state of even-even isotopes, quadrupole moments, quadrupole deformation parameter, and the occupation numbers for some calcium isotopes for A=42,44,46,48,50 are computed using fp-model space and FPBM interaction. ⁴⁰Ca nucleus is regarded as the inert core for all isotopes under this model space with valence nucleons are moving throughout the fp-shell model space involving 1f_7/2, 2p_3/2, 1f_5/2, and 2p_1/2 orbits. Model space is used to present calculations using FPBM intera

     Epilepsy is one of the most common diseases of the nervous system around the world, affecting all age groups and causing seizures leading to loss of control for a period of time. This study presents a seizure detection algorithm that uses Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT) type II to transform the signal into frequency-domain and extracts energy features from 16 sub-bands. Also, an automatic channel selection method is proposed to select the best subset among 23 channels based on the maximum variance. Data are segmented into frames of  one Second length without overlapping between successive frames. K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) model is used to detect those frames either to ictal (seizure) or interictal (non-

Two isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from patients with Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial effect of alcoholic leaves extract of Salvia officinalis on Multidrug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa. Using the well diffusion test, the alcoholic leaves extract at 100mg/ml and 200 mg /ml was shown to possess antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganism. The inhibition zones of S. officinalis at 200 mg/ml, and 100 mg/ml of the extract showed diameters of 23mm and 20mm, respectively. But the diameters of the inhibition zones caused by treatment with the antibiotics Ciprofloxacin, Ticarcillin + Clavulanic acid, and Cefotaxime w

Simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method is described based on the coupling reaction of tetracycline hydrochloride(TC. HCl) with diazotized 4-aminopyridine in bulk and pharmaceutical forms. Colored azo dye formed during this reaction is measured at 433 nm as a function of time. Factors affecting the reaction yield were studied and the conditions were optimized. The kinetic study involves initial rate and fixed time (10 minutes) procedures for constructing the calibration graphs to determine the concentration of (TC. HCl). The graphs were linear for both methods in concentration range of 10.0 to 100.0 µg.mL-1. The recommended procedure was applied successfully in the determination of (TC. HCl) in itscommercial formulations.

     The main goal of this study is to evaluate Mishrif Reservoir in Abu Amood oil field, southern Iraq, using the available well logs. The sets of logs were acquired for wells AAm-1, AAm-2, AAm-3, AAm-4, and AAm-5. The evaluation included the identification of the reservoir units and the calculation of their petrophysical properties using the Techlog software. Total porosity was calculated using the neutron-density method and the values were corrected from the volume of shale in order to calculate the effective porosity. Computer processed interpretation (CPI) was accomplished for the five wells. The results show that Mishrif Formation in Abu Amood field consists of three reservoir units with various percentages of h

    In this work, we introduce Fibonacci– Halpern iterative scheme ( FH scheme) in partial ordered Banach space (POB space) for monotone total asymptotically non-expansive mapping (, MTAN mapping) that defined on weakly compact convex subset.  We also  discuss the results of weak and strong convergence for this scheme.

 Throughout  this work, compactness condition of m-th iterate  of the mapping for some natural m is necessary to ensure strong convergence, while Opial's condition has been employed to show weak convergence. Stability of FH scheme is also  studied. A numerical comparison is provided by an example to show that FH scheme is faster than Mann and Halpern iterative

     The searching process using a binary codebook of combined Block Truncation Coding (BTC) method and Vector Quantization (VQ), i.e. a full codebook search for each input image vector to find the best matched code word in the codebook, requires a long time.   Therefore, in this paper, after designing a small binary codebook, we adopted a new method by rotating each binary code word in this codebook into 90⁰ to 270⁰ step 90⁰ directions. Then, we systematized each code word depending on its angle  to involve four types of binary code books (i.e. Pour when , Flat when  , Vertical when, or Zigzag). The proposed scheme was used for decreasing the time of the coding pro

تُعد التنمية البشرية أحد البرامج الانمائية الاساسية التي تهيء الظروف المناسبة للإنسان للمشاركة في بناء مجتمعه , بوصفْ ان الانسان هو هدف التنمية ووسيلتها في الوقت نفسه. ان المجتمعات تتقدم من خلال جهود ابنائها ومشاركتهم في دعم برامج التنمية الاجتماعية والاقتصادية , ولا سيما ان التنمية البشرية تستند على مفاهيم الارتقاء بنوعية الحياة من خلال زيادة قدرة البيئة الاجتماعية على دعم الظروف التي تخدم الانسان وتهيء

التحليل المورفومتري للأحواض النهرية تعتمد كفاءته على دقة البيانات المستخدمة وطريقة التحليل, تم اختيار حوض حربة الواقع في شمال العراق (دهوك- عقرة) بوصفه أحد الاحواض صغيرة المساحة اذ تبلغ مساحته حوالي (184.80) كم2, تهدف الدراسة الحالية الى تحليل القياسات المورفومترية في حوض حربة باعتماد دقة التميز المكاني لأنموذج الارتفاع الرقمي (30) مترا (SRTM- DEM)، باعتماد تقنية نظم المعلومات الجغرافية وتعديلاته في مجال التحليل الم

لا يصح معاملة الرؤية الفلسفية المتبلورة من شبكة المفاهيم التي صاغها النشاط الفكري للمسلمين، عبر تأريخ الإسلام، على أنها صورة مكتملة، ومغلقة على ذاتها؛ ما دامت هي في جوهرها حصيلة كل من جهود الإنسان في فهم النصوص الدينية، من جهة، وجهوده في فهم التجربة البشرية العالمية من جهة أخرى، وكما أن جهود فهم النص لم تتوقف ولن تتوقف، كذلك التفاعل مع التجربة البشرية العالمية لم يتوقف ولن يتوقف أيضاً؛ ولذلك فالتصحيح والإض

Establishing complete and reliable coverage for a long time-span is a crucial issue in densely surveillance wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Many scheduling algorithms have been proposed to model the problem as a maximum disjoint set covers (DSC) problem. The goal of DSC based algorithms is to schedule sensors into several disjoint subsets. One subset is assigned to be active, whereas, all remaining subsets are set to sleep. An extension to the maximum disjoint set covers problem has also been addressed in literature to allow for more advance sensors to adjust their sensing range. The problem, then, is extended to finding maximum number of overlapped set covers. Unlike all related works which concern with the disc sensing model, the cont

تمثل المرأة مصدر الالهام، ومبعث الحنان، وطاقة استمرارية الحياة وتجدُّدها، وإذا كان الفن لونًا من ألوان التعبير عن الحياة الاجتماعية بِكل أبعادها، فإنَّ الشِّعر من أعرق الفنون عند العرب، وقد شكَّلت المرأة حضورًا مميزًا في نتاج الشُّعراء، إذ تركت المرأةُ آثارها على صفحات إحساس الشاعر، وانصهرت في أعماقهِ، وامتزجت بألوان حالته النفسية، فكان لها أثرٌ فعَّال في صياغة تجاربه الذاتية.

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