Eco-friendly materials are increasingly used in civil engineering to support sustainable development. Conventional concrete relies heavily on Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), the production of which contributes significantly to the carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) and fly ash can partially replace OPC, thereby reducing the environmental impact. This study investigates the effect of basalt fiber incorporation on the mechanical properties of geopolymer lightweight concrete. The concrete mixtures consisted of fly ash, slag, pumice aggregate, sand, and an alkaline activator prepared by combining sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. The mix design included an activator-to-binder ratio of 0.45

يتناول هذا البحث القصور التشريعي في قانون تنظيم العمل الصحفي في إقليم كوردستان رقم (35) لسنة 2007، مسلطاً الضوء على الفجوة بين النصوص القانونية التقليدية وتحديات الإعلام الرقمي المعاصر. تكمن المشكلة في عدم تصنيف الأجناس الصحفية (الخبر، الرأي، الصورة) بدقة، مما يؤدي إلى تباين في تحديد المسؤولية الجنائية والتكييف القانوني للجرائم. يسعى البحث، عبر منهج تحليلي نقدي، إلى استكشاف فلسفة التجريم والموازنة بين حرية ا

 Obesity is complex and chronic  disease . it had negative impact on general health , quality of life and elevation in mortality rate . The liver is the most affected organs by obesity. The use of plants different active constituents which had different pharmacological effects. One of these constituents are the polyphenols which had  antioxidants and anti-inflammatory effects. Accordingly, polyphenols nowadays  have become one of the most important therapeutic protocols today. Acai berry extract's had different pharmacological benefits due to its  anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity  The aim of the present study is to assess the hepatoprotective impact of acai berry extract in rats fed a diet rich i

The objective of this work is to isolate, characterize, and quantify two bioactive substances from Basella alba (Malabar spinach), a plant of nutritional and therapeutic value. Vitexin and p-coumaric acid were isolated and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and Their characterization was carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and the spiking method, where the iso

إن من السمات الأساسية لنظرية العقد بوجه عام هو تطورها المستمر وفقًا لحاجات المجتمع والأشخاص، ومن أبرز تجليات هذا التطور في الآونة الأخيرة هو ظهور نظرية سقوط العقد ضمن تعديلات القانون المدني الفرنسي لسنة 2016, وكان الهدف الأساس من النص على هذه النظرية هو معالجة الحالات التي يفقد فيها العقد عنصرًا أساسيا من عناصره بعد تكونه بشكل صحيح، أو عندما يزول أحد العقود التي تتكون منها المجموعة التعاقدية، ورغم النص على ه

الهندسة الدستورية مفهوم قديم، جاء  نتيجة   تراكم طويل من التجارب السياسية والقانونية تعود البدايات الفكرية للمفهوم الى اوائل القرن العشرين، خاصة مع اعمال كارل بوبر(فيلسوف نمساوي1902-1994) والذي تحدث عن الهندسة الاجتماعية (اي اصلاح المجتمع بطريقة مدروسة). لكن الاستخدام الاقرب لمصطلح الهندسة الدستورية بدأ بالظهور بشكل اوضح في سبعينيات وثمانينات القرن المنصرم وتكرس بدقة بعد نهاية الحرب الباردة.

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Opioid receptors belong to G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) family, and are divided into 3 subtypes of Mu, Kappa and Delta. The receptors are targeted by agonists and antagonists to manage variety of medical issues. Although main endogenous ligands for opioid receptors are peptides, a diverse set of non-peptide molecules can also bind orthosteric and allosteric sites of the receptor. Virtual screening for active agonists and antagonists using structure-based molecular docking is challenged by receptor flexibility, multimerization and orthosteric/allosteric sites coordination. Meanwhile, ligand-based virtual screening is more reliable. In this research grid-based alignment-independent molecular fingerprint (GRIND) and convolutional neura

The current study aimed to survey the flea species, that parasitize domestic mammals in Basrah Province, southern Iraq from June 2024 to May 2025. It was recorded that 31 animals were infested with fleas, and the total prevalence was 12.45%. Higher prevalence of fleas was recorded in dogs (33.33%), followed by goats (16.67%), camels (19.05%), cats at (16.67%), and sheep (12.73%). Three flea species were collected from infested mammals, the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis (Bouché, 1835), the dog flea Ctenocephalides canis (Curtis, 1826), and the oriental rat flea Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothschild, 1903). These species belong to the family Pulicidae, within the order Siphonaptera. Additiona

This study aimed to conduct a comparative investigation of the anatomical features of stems of nine wild plant species belonging to nine genera within the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) family, the species included Anastatica hierochuntica L. 1753, Cakile arabica Velen., 1911, Camelina hispida Boiss., 1842, Chorispora purpurascens (Banks & Sol.) Eig (1937), Erucaria crassifolia (Forssk.) Delile (1813), Glastaria glastifolia (DC.) Kuntze (1891), Horwoodia dicksoniae Turrill, 1939, Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC (1821), and Notoceras bicorne (Aiton) Amo (1873). These plants were collected

    The present study is the first to provide a comprehensive analysis of the vertebral column, fin structure, and tail skeleton of Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 and Leuciscus vorax (Heckel, 1843) (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae), which were collected from Al-Tharthar on the Euphrates and from the Tigris River at Az Zubaydiyah City, Wasit Province-middle of Iraq, respectively. Radiographic imaging was used to investigate various traits of the vertebral column and caudal skeleton. These characteristics were verified for the two species studied. The outcomes disclose that osteological data vary among the two species examined, emphasising that the construction of the vertebral column and caudal skeleton can be deliberated a

    This study provides taxonomic and faunistic contributions to the knowledge of the spider fauna of Iraq (Araneae). It documents new occurrence data for several species and expands their known distribution within the country. Enoplognatha macrochelis Levy & Amitai, 1981 (Theridiidae) is recorded from southern Iraq for the first time. Additionally, Hersiliola babylonica Zamani & Marusik, 2022 (Hersiliidae), Lycosa piochardi Simon, 1876 (Lycosidae), Uroctea thaleri Rheims, Santos & van Harten, 2007 (Oecobiidae), and Latrodectus dahli Levi, 1959 (Theridiidae) are documented from Nineveh Province, providing updated distributional data for these species in Iraq. The study includes

    In the current study, eight species of Astragalus L.,1753 (Fabales, Fabaceae): A.annularis Forssk,1775, A. asterias Steven,1832, A. bruguieri Boiss.,1849, A. dactylocarpus Boiss., 1843, A. fasciculifolius Boiss.,1843, A. hamosus L.,1753, A. spinosus (Forssk.) Muschi., 1907 and A. tribuloides Delile,1813 in southeastern Iraq were investigated for molecular phylogenetic analysis. For this purpose, the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) was sequenced to examine the evolutionary relationships among the species. The species in two clades were separated based on proximity in the phylogenetic tree. The first

    New species, Eucera diplotaxa sp. nov. belonging to the subfamily Apinae (Hymenoptera: Apidae), from Iraq has been described and illustrated. The diagnostic characters and differences from the closely related species previously documented in the Palearctic Region are provided.

   The species of Microthoracius cameli L., 1758 which belongs to the family Microthoraciidae (Order, Phthiraptera) was recorded for the first time in the insect fauna of Iraq. These specimens were collected from camels in Basrah Province. The work included a detailed description of this species as well as the addition of photographs and illustrations obtained using a scanning electron microscope. The diagnostic characters of this species were provided.

Amaranthus viridis (F. Amaranthaceae), usually known as slender amaranth. It is a multifunctional vegetable that grows in tropical and subtropical areas, sustaining stressful conditions, especially drought, producing a wide array of secondary metabolites: phenolics, terpenes, carotenoids and others, which are responsible for various therapeutic effects.  Aerial parts were defatted with hexane, then the defatted residue was extracted in the Soxhlet using 80 % aqueous ethanol. Ethanolic extract was sequentially and repeatedly partitioned with solvents of different polarities: chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Then, the n-butanol fraction was hydrolyzed using reflex with 10 % aqueous HCl for 6 hrs. The unhydrolyzed and hydrolyz

The use of the plastic waste material to stabilize soil is step in the right direction making the construction industry a suitable candidate with its high consumption capacity. The method would be a reliable alternative to traditional ground improvement technique. It would be cost effective, sustainable and environmentally friendly. In this review paper, the behaviour of reinforced soil with plastic waste would be discussed including its suitability for pavement and road construction. The previous literature highlighted by authors will be reviewed in focus on type of treated soil, nature, shape, geometry, and amount of the added plastic waste. The aim of this review is to investigate the effect of granules and fibre plastic waste materials

Today, data security is a major problem concerning organizations and indi- viduals. The confidentiality of information is associated with using reliable and robust encryption algorithms in systems. Cyber-attacks on data and systems have become prevalent and sophisticated, and are increasing rapidly; hence, the need for developing robust encryption algorithms is crucial nowadays. This paper proposes a new encryption algorithm using dynamic symmetric key cryptography to encrypt text files. It utilizes a secret key for encryption and decryption processes, where the key’s length is varied depending on the text size. This presented approach gives a trade-off between speed and security, making it suitable for various applications, such as secur

    The spatial and temporal distribution of the lesser date moth (LDM) Batrachedra amydraula Meyrick, 1916 (Lepidoptera, Batrachedridae), a key pest of date palms Phoenix dactylifera L. across Basrah Province during the fruiting season of 2024, was evaluated in this study. Results revealed that the lesser date moth was distributed in all the surveyed districts of Basrah. Al-Nashwa and Abu-Al Khaseeb Districts recorded the highest infestation surveyed, whereas Al-Dair, Safwan, Al-Sibah, and Al-Faw Districts recorded the lowest infestation rates. The cultivars Halawi, Zahdi, and Brim were the most susceptible, while the cultivars Barhi and Dieri were the least infested. The fruit developmental stage had a strong effec

Cocrystallization is an emerging approach for improving physico-chemical characteristics of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) for instance dissolution rate, solubility, stability in addition to mechanical properties without affecting their therapeutic activity. It is of great importance when other approaches like salt or polymorph formation do not encounter the estimated targets. In this review article, an outline of pharmaceutical cocrystals will be presented, with highlighting on factors affecting cocrystallization which include ∆pKa, donors and acceptors hydrogen bonds, molecular recognition point, synthon forming functional groups flexibility, dicarboxylic acid coformers carbon chain length and solvent effe

Estimation of trip attraction and analyzing its main influencing factors are powerful for offering different classifications for business districts and presenting recommendations for improving attractiveness in long term. This is beneficial for designing transportation facilities and infrastructures. The paper presents the prediction of trip attraction using an artificial intelligence technology due to the profits that the technology can possess in shortening time, lowering expenses and saving effort. The new model has utilized six input parameters that have not been considered previously within the area of Nasiriyah city including; age and educational level of the passengers, mode of transport that the passengers use, purpose of the trip,

This study investigates the ecological roles and geographical distribution of sixteen wild Brassicaceae species across most districts of Iraq, including arid and mountainous regions. A total of 263 herbarium specimens were analyzed, including specimens preserved from the 1950s to 2025, Erysimum cuspidatum (M.Bieb) DC. (1821), which was recently reported by the same authors, and 8 newly collected specimens from recent field surveys.

    The main objectives were to evaluate habitat preferences, soil types, and adaptive strategies of these species in arid and semi-arid regions. Results indicate that the studied species can grow in a wide range of soils, including limestone, rocky areas, sandy, and loamy substrates, demons

    Myosotis L., 1753 is one of the biggest genera in the family Boraginaceae, subfamily Cynoglossoideae, and tribe Myosotideae, numerous pollen grain features, including shape, color, size, sculpture and number have been examined for the species M. arvensis, along with a thorough sampling analysis of macro- and micro-morphology. Molecular investigation has been conducted to confirm M. arvensis subsp. arvensis taxonomic rank within Boraginaceae. In contrast to the within the same genus that are already grow in Iraq, the collected specimens of M. arvensis subsp. arvensis are differentiated by a saucer-shaped corolla limb reaching 3 mm in diameter, reaching 3 mm in diameter, and the

    A new freshwater malacophagous leech belonging to the Glossiphoniidae Vaillant, 1890 family was found in a spring in the Ferghana Valley. In this study, we describe the morphological characteristics and DNA barcoding gene of a new leech, Glossiphonia ferghanensis sp. nov. (Annelida, Hirudinida, Glossiphoniidae) are reported. This species differs from all other leeches of Glossiphonia Johnson, 1816 in coloration, the absence of papillae and paramedial rows on the dorsal surface. According to COI sequences, it was found to be a sister species with a specimen of Glossiphonia concolor (Apathy, 1888) recorded from the Taimyr Peninsula Region of Northern Russia. The analysis revealed

    Home gardens (HG), public gardens (PG), road islands (RI), and vacant lots (VL) were the most common urban habitats in Kharga and Dakhla Oases that were analyzed in terms of species distribution patterns. In total, 39 geo-referenced sampling stands were surveyed and were distributed as follows among these habitats: 16 in home gardens (HG), 11 in public gardens (PG), 8 in road islands (RI), and 4 in vacant lots (VL). The total number of recorded species showed variation among habitats: 132 species in HG, followed by PG (112 species), RI (71 species), and VL (58 species). The vegetation structure of the home gardens was characterized by orchard trees, cultivated herbs and xerophytes, while that of public gardens was dominated by orn

    The present study is the first to provide a comprehensive analysis of the vertebral column, fin structure, and tail skeleton of Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 and Leuciscus vorax (Heckel, 1843) (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae), which were collected from Al-Tharthar on the Euphrates and from the Tigris River at Az Zubaydiyah City, Wasit Province-middle of Iraq, respectively. Radiographic imaging was used to investigate various traits of the vertebral column and caudal skeleton. These characteristics were verified for the two species studied. The outcomes disclose that osteological data vary among the two species examined, emphasising that the construction of the vertebral column and caudal skeleton can be deliberated a

    The eurytomid wasp Eurytoma samsonowi Vassiliev, 1915 (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae), has been recorded as a new species infesting apricot seeds in Baghdad. The study was conducted in an apricot orchard in Al-Tarmia District, Baghdad Province, in February 2025. This study could help identify, monitor, investigate further, and control apricot eurytomid wasps.

    In the current study, the panurgine bee Camptopoeum Spinola, 1843 is represented as a single species Camptopoeum frontale (Fabricius, 1804) (Family Andrenidae), which is reported as a new record for the Iraqi hymenoptera checklist. Additionally, the species is clearly described and illustrated, and the taxonomic status of the taxa is provided.